Nouns name… People Common nouns: girl, student, lifeguard Proper nouns: Mrs. Neeley, Ted, President

Bush, Otis Boggart Singular: ballerina, army, Mr. Peabody Plural: toads, oxen, sisters-in-law, armies Collective: family, committee, teams (pl.)

Nouns name… Places Common: auditorium, home, restaurant Proper: Motel 6, Yellowstone Park,

Disneyland, McKale Center Arena Singular: city, mesa, plateau Plural: deserts, forests, stadiums

Nouns name… Things Common: tissue, gelatin, marker, barouche Proper: Kleenex, Jell-o, Sharpie Singular: datum, thesaurus, die Plural: data, thesauri, dice

Nouns name… Qualities and ideas Common: shyness, freedom, love, anger,

pessimism, emptiness, wisdom, greenness Proper: Christianity, Reaganomics,

Stalinism

Nouns name… Events Common: county fair, dog show, summer

solstice, parade, birthday Proper: Christmas Day, Mardi Gras,

Woodstock, Spring Fling

Nouns have number… Singular: echo, donkey, knife, cello,

tomato, octopus, mouse, policeman, cactus Plural: echoes, donkeys, knives, cellos,

tomatoes, octopi, mice, policemen, cacti Collective singular: pack, gaggle, bevy,

navy, band, group, police force Collective plural: families, herds, dens,

troops, armies

Nouns have gender… masculine: brother, father, widower,

emperor, stallion, comedian, groom feminine: niece, hen, princess, aviatrix,

soprano, comedienne, bride neuter: book, owner, representative, singer,

playwright

Nouns can be classified as… Concrete: lasagne, sofa, baseball, iron, mitt Concrete nouns name tangible objects that

have form and dimension. Abstract: heaven, fame, kindness, anxiety,

pride, generosity, democracy, contentment, intelligence, imagination, thought

Abstract nouns name ideas, qualities, and conditions, and their definitions may vary from person to person.

Concrete nouns that seem abstract….might actually be considered concrete: dragon fairies gnomes elf the Tooth Fairy trolls Cinderella

The Compound Noun… two (or more) separate words: dog bones,

peace sign, angel food cake, chocolate chips, fire extinguisher, Grand Canyon

Two words joined to form one: mailbox, teapot, baseball, lighthouse, toothpaste

Two or more hyphenated words: motor-mouth, mother-in-law, jack-o-lantern

Grade 7 Review Nouns name…. person place thing quality or idea Nouns are… common proper

Nouns have qualities: Number singular plural collective Gender masculine feminine neuter

Grade 7 Review

Nouns may be…ConcreteAbstract Some may seem abstract, but are

actually considered concrete

Grade 7 Review Some nouns are classified as compound…written as a single wordwritten as two wordswritten as a hyphenated word

Grade 8 Review

Noun-forming SuffixesNoun Usage and CaseGerunds

Common Noun-forming Suffixes

-ance attendance, appliance -ence reference, evidence -ion inspection, persuasion -ty, -ity loyalty, clarity -ment statement, pavement -ness goodness, shyness -al survival, revival -er rancher, singer -or actor, realtor -eer Musketeer, racketeer

-ant, -entcontestant, resident -ism patriotism,

communism -asm enthusiasm -ee trainee, referee -ist violinist, journalist -ship friendship,

comradeship -hood neighborhood,

parenthood -acy democracy, fallacy -ian librarian, libertarian

Usage Issues Not all words ending in these common noun-forming

suffixes will be used as nouns in sentences. Usage must always be considered in identifying a word’s part of speech in context. In the sentences below, the –ment word government cannot be assumed to be a noun. Example:

Our government faces many challenges in combating poverty. Government is the subject of the sentence; it is used in this context as a noun.

A government program geared to combat poverty will take effect January 1. In this context, government is used as an adjective, modifying the noun program. What kind of program? A government program.

Nouns and Case Case is that quality of a noun that shows its

relation to some other word or words in the sentence. There are three cases: nominative, possessive, and objective.

Examples of Nominative Case

Nouns may function as a: Subject: The computer has streamlined many

business transactions Subjective complement: The winner of the scholarship is

Charlotte Davis. Appositive (the appositive Jimmy Carter, the former president of takes the

case of the noun the United States, works closely with it renames) Habitat for Humanity.

The winner of the scholarship is Charlotte Davis, an eighth grade student at Sacred Heart School.

Direct address: Runners, take your marks! Exclamation: Rats! The filthy rodents roamed the

storm drains.

Examples of Objective Case Direct object (receives The tailor sewed a button on the coat.

the action of the verb) Indirect object (to whom A DPS officer wrote the motorist a ticket

or for whom something is for speeding.done)

Object of a preposition Floyd hid Halloween candy under his bed. Apposition Joe drove his car, a beat-up Volkswagen, across the

country.The teacher awarded Leo, a highly motivated student, the Student of the Month trophy.Two children raced across the intersection, the busiest corner in town.

Objective Case Adverbial noun - a noun thatThe hiker walked miles before resting. noun that

does the work of an This afternoon we will visit the mall.adverb telling: Amy left Tucson on an early flight.

How much? We spent hours working on the project.

How long?When?Where?How far?

Objective complement The committee appointed Terry chairman (completes the meaning of the groupof the verb and refers tothe direct object)

Possessive Case Singular possessive Lois’s hair was dyed a strange

shade orange.Sherry washed the baby’s rattles

and pacifiers. Plural possessive The children’s playground was

closed for repairs.The scouts’ fund raiser earned

enough money for summer camp. Separate possession That judge will score Pete’s and

Jim’s dives in the competition.

Joint possession Phil and Martha’s dinner party was a huge success.