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TRANSCRIPT
"otito_ -
Nov (
MOVING TOWARD RELEVANCE -
PROGRESS IN EDUCATION, AGRICULTURE, AND ENGINEERING
AT KABUL UNIVERSITY
The Final Report of the Nebraska Team
USAID Project 306- 11 -66C. -121
September 1974 - December 1977
R. E. GibsonChief of PartyNebraska TeamKabul, Afghanistan
1.
2.
Project
General
Table of Contents
1
2
Objectives
Features of Project
3. Summary of Progress at Kabul University3
a. University Administration - Enrollments 3
b. University-wide Qualitative Improvements . . 5
c. Management and Business Affairs 8
d. University Planning9
e. Faculty Administration 11
f. University Outreach 13
1.) Research and Consultation 14
a.) Kabul University Research Center (KURC) 14
b.) Kabul University Research Farm . . . .
c.; Center for Engineering Consulting
15
Services and Applied Research (CECSAR) 16
d.)'Research and Consulting Projects . . 18
e.) Building Code of Afghanistan 25
f.) Development Related Research Project . 26
2.) Curriculum Development 27
a.) New Curricula 28
b.) Improvement of Existing Curricula . . . 34
c.) Technical Manpower Development Project 37
4. Staff Development 39
a. USAID Participants 39
b. Visiting Lecturers 41
5 Material Resources 42
a. USAID Commodity Funds 42
b. Commodities for Faculty of Engineering Expansion 43
6. Development of Institutional Ties Between KabulUniversity and the University of Nebraska 44
Table of Contents
1.
2.
3.
Project Objectives
General Features of Project
Summary of Progress at Kabul University
1
2
3J
a. University Administration - Enrollments . 3
b. University -wide Qualitative Improvements . . . . 5
c. Management and Business Affairs 3
d. University Planning9
e. Faculty Administration 11
f. University Outreach 13
1.) Research and Consultation 14
a.) Kabul University Research Center (KURC) 14
b.) Kabul University Research Farm . .
o.) Center for Engineering Consulting
15
Services and Applied Research (CECSAR) 16
d.) Research and Consulting Projects . . 18
e.) Building Code of Afghanistan 25
f.) Development Related Research Project . 26
2.) Curriculum Development 27
a.) New Curricula 28
b.) Improvement of Existing Curricula . . . 34
c.) Technical Manpower Development Project 37
4. Staff Development 39
a. USAID Participants 39
b. Visiting Lecturers 41
5. Material Resources 42
a. USAID Commodity Funds 42
b. Commodities for Faculty of Engineering Expansion 43
6. Development of Institutional Ties Between KabulUniversity and the University of Nebraska . . . . . 44
1. Project Objectives
The major purposes of this Project were to stimulate
and support applied faculty research and to establish or
improve certain critically needed development -related
curricula at Kabul University (KU), in response to Kabul
University's desiré for greater involvement of KU in the
development of Afghanistan *. KU's highly trained academic
personnel constitute a considerable technical manpower
resource capable of making direct contributions to the
development process, provided that meaningful research
and consulting opportunities are made available. It is
also expected that such involvement will result in at-
titudinal changes among the faculty and student body,
leading to the production of highly motivated graduates
prepared to solve practical problems.
These efforts have been confined to the Departments
of Education and the Faculties of Agriculture and of
Engineering, along with the supporting Central Administra-
*In our Third Six -Month Report this desire was at-tributed to the Government of Afghanistan. At the con-clusion of the Project, however, we are able to cite veryfew examples of GOA actions showing an interest in Uni-versity research. The fact that it required so much timeto obtain approval of the KURC bylaws was very disappoint-ing, as is the fact that CECSAR's constitution is stillunapproved. Much evidence exists that both KU and USAIDtruly desire this involvement, and as reported herein,progress has occurred in spite of the lack of such ap-provals.
-1-
-2-
tion, where the greatest potential for developmental
payoff is seen, and where USAID support has been given
for a number of years.
From the earliest days of our arrival at KU, USAID
led us to understand that broad assistance projects of
this sort would not continue at KU. A
11111111,e, therefore, was the creation ofr
and
that are and an
overall attitude of self -reliance.
The Project Logical Framework (Appendix A) provides
greater detail on specific Project purposes and end -of-
project outputs, reference to which will be made fre-
quently in this,report.
2. General Features of Project
The Project included a contract with the University
of Nebraska at Omaha (UNO) providing nine professors
posted at Kabul University. These professors, comprising
the Nebraska Team, were drawn from both the Omaha and
Lincoln campuses of the University of Nebraska System,
and were selected for specific roles in Education, Agri-
culture, and Engineering. Where possible, assistance in
Central Administration was also provided by regular Team
members, and by short -term consultants from the Nebraska
campuses.
Three professors arrived at post on September 16,
1974, and the remaining six arrived on February 3, 1975.
By May 31, 1977, only two remained and they served
-3-through December 31, 1977. All except one, who became ill,
served a minimum of two years. More detailed information
on Team personnel is provided in Appendix B.
The contract with UNO included provision for twenty-
four man -months of short -term consultative assistance,
and for ten Visiting Lectureships. A significant por-
tion of the short-term assistance was expended in
University Planning and other Central Administration
functions, where full -time consultants were not provided.
The Project also provided commodity funds in the
amount of US$120,000, forty -three USAID Participantships,and an additional five Visiting Lectureships, all under
direct funding arrangements but administered by the
Nebraska Team.
The Project was twice extended, once from August,
1976 through May, 1977, and again through December, 1977.
3. Summary of Progress at Kabul University
a. University Administration - Enrollments
The University operated quite smoothly under the
competent leadership of President Ghulam S. Mohibbi, who
was ably succeeded by Abdul Salaam Azimi in June, 1977.
Dr. Mohibbi was advanced to the new position of Minister
of Higher Education in March, 1977. Both set fine examples
for their Deans and Vice Presidents with forthrightness,
well -considered decisions, and extremely long workinghours.
With the beginning of the 1356 academic year (March 22,1977), approximately 9,8+3 students were enrolled at Kabul
-4-
University. The breakdown
Faculty
by Faculties is:
EnrollmentFacultyTotal as
ofKU TotalBoys Girls Total
Medicine (Kabul) 1,048 102 1,150 11.6Medicine (`Nangahar) 539 13 552 5.5Law 406 46 452 5.0Veterinary 310 43- 353 3.5Islamic Law 234 83 317 3.2Letters & Humanities (Education) 667 129 796 8.1Science (Education) 905 273 1,178 12.0Engineering 1,424 130 1,554 15.7Agriculture 884 12 896 9.1Economics 646 61 707 7.2Pharmacy 285 44 329 3.3Polytechnic 1,462 97 1,559 15.8
Totals 8,810 1,033 9,843 100.0The total enrollment exceeds the 7,194 students envisioned in
the Project Logical Framework. Except in Agriculture and
Engineering, percentages devoted to the various develop-
ment related Faculties also compare favorably to those
suggested in the Logical Framework.
With the admission of 1066 new freshman in March,
1977, the Faculty of Engineering enrollment increased
from 698 at the beginning of 1355 to its present 1,554.
The decision to increase Engineering enrollment was
made by the GOA Cabinet iñ December, 1976, as a result
of Ministry of Planning projections for engineering
manpower, and because AID had indicated willingness to
continue and possibly even expand support for the Faculty
of Engineering.
A major accomplishment of the University Administra-
tion was early completion of the considerable task of
administering entrance examinations for the last two new
-5-
freshman classes. Students were notified of their exam-
ination results and their assigned Faculty several weeks
earlier than was the case in previous years. Also, the
examinations had been rewritten, and they now allow students
to select an examination which emphasizes natural sciences,
or one in the social sciences.
With increasing enrollments of provincial students,
dormitory spaces are critically short. The only boys'
dormitory on campus was designed for 800 students but now
houses 2,400. KU has obtained funds to construct another
800 -student dormitory, and construction is scheduled to
start early in 1978. AID is planning a project for a new
girls dormitory to house either 400 or 800 students. The
GOA has provided funds for purchasing thirty -four additional
residences for housing.
b. University -wide Qualitative Improvements
Dr. Richard Lane of the UNO College of Arts and Sciences
carried out a short -term consultancy in the area of program
and institutional quality at KU in July- August 1976. Lane's
consultancy was conceived and requested by university admin-
istrators, who desired a degree of outside guidance in their
attempts to reform and upgrade KU's programs. The consultancy
was similar to an accreditation visit, and Lane made several
far -ranging recommendations bearing on the quality of educa-
tion throughout the University, including University mission
and objectives, faculty, curricula, educational support ser-
vices, and administration. It was recognized that not all of
KU's qualitative needs could be met in the immediate future,
-b-
and no attempt was made to pricrize the recommendations.
Significant progress has occurred in this area, and
Lane's report can serve to provide appropriate guidance
for the next five to ten years. We can only hope that
successive KU administrators will make frequent reference
to it. Several of the more significant improvements which
are underway are reported in the remainder of this section.
The University Administration has been gradually
moving toward the adoption of a credit system. The Faculties
of Engineering, Economics, and Science are now using the
system, and the Faculty of Letters has adopted it for this
year's freshmen and all future students. Since the 1355
academic year all other Faculties (except Medicine - in the
last three years of their program), have conducted their
programs on a semester rather than annual basis, as a pre-
lude to adoption of the credit system. The credit. system
will permit students to repeat failed courses individually,
and. to take courses from several Faculties and Departments,
eliminating many of the duplicated course offerings in the
various Faculties. Although there is no deadline for com-
plete adoption of the credit system, a University policy
for optional implementation of the system has been approved
and is in effect. Our Educational Curriculum Specialist
was able to assist in explaining the credit system to
several Faculties where planning is now underway (Output
No. I of the Logical Framework),
Related to the adoption of the credit system, KU is
also working toward "departmentalization" of the University.
-7-
In this plan several large departments including mathematics,
sciences, and languages, will be formed to provide service
courses for students of the various Faculties, which would
no longer be free -standing and duplicative. Discussions on
this topic have been active for some time now, and adoption
of one of several proposed plans is thought to be about a
year or so off.
Preparatory to adoption of any departmentalization
plan, the Administration is taking steps to improve the
quality of classroom examinations throughout the University.
There is concern that students taking courses out of their
assigned Faculties will encounter inconsistent and arbitrary
evaluation of their academic efforts. Two Nebraska Team
members assisted an Afghan Test and Evaluation specialist in
preparing a manual (in both Dari and English) an this sub-
ject, and this was distributed to the Faculties. Again, this
effort relates to our several Project curriculum development
activities.
The Administration has encouraged training in English
for technicians and office workers in the Faculties, as a
part of their Project input for training of technicians to
maintain Project equipment (see page 4 of the Logical Frame-
work). We have assisted by arranging.with USIS for twenty -
five English program scholarships annually, using trust funds
provided through USAID. KU selects the students and provides
all coordination with USIS. The program has been in effect
since November 1975, with continuous full enrollments. Ar-
rangements have been made for continuing this program into
-8-
1978 for students who have shown promise.
The KU Central Library received limited assistance
throughout the Project. In addition to purchasing materials
and periodicals with Project commodity funds, we arranged
or facilitated book donations from USAID, the Asia Found-
ation, UNO and private individuals. We also assisted
frequently in obtaining badly needed cataloging materials,
principally through the Asia Foundation. KU has the nucleus
of a good library, but needs. a continuing source of current
books, and additional trained staff and materials for
cataloging.
c. :Management and Business Affairs
During the, summer of 1975, Dean William V. Muse of the
UNO College of Business Administration carried out a short-
term consultancy
Observations and
Affairs at Kabul
in Business Affairs. His "Report of
Recommendations Concerning the Business
University" lists many specific recommed-
ations for improvements in materials management (purchasing
and warehousing), and in accounting and budgeting. He
emphasized the need for the gradual implementation of a
"management by exception" philosophy, allowing lower level
administrators to make decisions within pre- established
parameters.
Dr. Jack A. Hill of the UNO College of Business Admin-
istration followed Dean Muse, serving as a short -term
consultant during January and the summer months of 1976.
He designed and conducted a training program in management
for selected administrators at Kabul University. Dr. Hill
-c-
submitted a very comprehensive report of the training
program which should make it possible for future Afghan
trainers to build upon the foundation established. Both
the Muse and Hill consultancies relate to Project Purpose
No. 4 of the Logical Framework.
Hill's training program responded to needs felt by the
KU administration and was, in the main, general. Manage-
ment techniques that could apply in the various KU business
offices were presented and were well received. One area in
which we had hoped to provide more specific training ráas
foreign procurement. KU originally was responsible for
procurement of U. S. commodities under our project, but
the procurement office was unable to perform its functions.
For this reason, an FY 73 direct fund allocation of $45,000
was deobligated by USAID before Nebraska'a arrival. The
ProAg of December 1975 was changed to permit USAID procurement
of the remaining $120,000, with the understanding that we
would offer training in foreign procurement. As it turned
out, there was little interest in such training on KU's
part, since its procurement office was apparently unable to
accept it. The staff is poorly equipped, and can neither
read nor write in English or any other foreign language.
d. University Planning
Under earlier projects, USAID has often addressed
the need for sound educational planning at KU, and contin-
ued support in the planning area was included in the design
of this Project. (See Project Purpose No. 5, and Output
Nos. 5 and 7 of the Logical Framework.).
-10-
Our Third Six-Month Report details the KU portion ofthe GOA Seven-Year Plan and our involvement in the develop-ment of the Plan. The Plan was prepared by a committee headedby Dr. A. Azim Zìayee, and for the first time involvedextensive inputs from the various Faculties. The exercisewas very beneficial and the groundwork has been laid forcontinued development and updating of a.comprehensive Plan.Unfortunately, the University portion of the Plan has neverbeen published, and consists -primarily of a collection ofnotes and tablas in Dari and English. It was submitted tothe Ministry of Planning in separate sections, and dealsonly in matters which require direct funding. Severalphilosophical,and organizational topics, such as adoption ofthe credit system, departmentalization, and future curricularinnovations were discussed by the committee
as a part of theplanning process, but were omitted from the Plan itself.
Accurate and readily accessible data on past and presentconditions at KU is essential for continued development ofthe Plan. Dr. Dale K. Hayes of the UN -L Department ofEducational Administration visited KU in August 1976, atKU's request, to develop
recommendations in this area. Hisreport suggests the types of data that should be gathered(scholastic and demographic background of the incoming stu-dents, classroom utilization, faculty teaching and researchloads, course duplications, and student attrition rates),and provides recommendations as to organization and staffingof the Office of Institutional Planning.
KU has fully accepted the Hayes report, but has not
-i1-
yet implemented it. In June, 1977 the Office of InstitutionalPlanning was moved to the new Ministry of Higher Education,with its previous Director, Mr. Haffizula Karzai, appointed
as President of the department. This department will be
responsible for all educational planning at KU and 17 other
post -secondary schools in Afghanistan (13 Teacher Training
Institutes, Higher Teachers College, the Academy for Teacher
Educators, and Institute of Agriculture, Industrial Manage-ment and Accounting). Dr. Ziayee will assist in establishing
this new office on a consultive basis, and will be involved
in early planning efforts produced by the department.
In view of the above, we arranged Project funding for
Mr. Karzai and Dr. Ziayee to visit several U.S. educational
planning institutions over a four -week period in July- August
1977. They held many discussions with U.S. experts in this
important field, and have, returned with publications cn
planning criteria and examples of institutional plans.
Project assistance in the Planning area has, therefore,
been offered and accepted in full measure. The fruits ofthese efforts are yet to be fully realized; however, we
are experiencing momentum at the'time of this writing, andexpect that planning will improve significantly over the nextfew years.
e. Faculty Administration
Project Output No. 5 of the Logical Framework aims at
efficiently managed Faculties of Agriculture, Engineeringand Education.
Since the members of the Nebraska Team were selected
ecifi: roles in research and curriculum development,
efforts in this area were limited to service on Faculty
committees and to responding to specific requests for help
administrative matters. Most s-braska Team members
served on numerous Faculty cor-ittees, and we assisted in
1,4 dl ass schedules, ordeno project corn7,od4t4. ec ,_
- -
developinz- department,,-' L'even-Year 71--ns, and
like.
Considerble effort was exbended in assisting the
Faculty of En-4ineerin,7 in carryino out the first year of
expansion bro71-am. Althoufrh 71ahninF sessions started
:n a hi,Jh note, with the format'rn of a lare expansion
force in tate 1974, the results of the plannin effort
were mi:ed. As ln many university co-Imunities, faculty
members want to Se involved in such efforts where the future
nf mine academic unit is at stake, but they lose interest when
the magnitude of problems and amount of work becomes known.
The task force was successful in identifying most cf tn- pro-
c_ems associated with the expansion, but left solutions to
an undermanned administration with insufficient time available
before the expanded freshman class of 1066 students appeared
in March 1977. Last minute arrangements for building space,
new teaching staff, textbooks and supplies were less than ade-
cJate, but the Faculty somehow managed to struggle through the
first two semesters of the expansion.
Overall, the Faculties, which are entirely Afghan managed,
::Lrr out tk-eir administrative functions in a credible man-
ner, considerinp their limited resources and other constraints.
-7-77,1=7777'
All of the Deans with whom we have deal:, are extremelytalented and conscientious, and they work very hard. Un-fortunately, :he administrative traditions of the govern-ment do not allow them to delegate a significant amount ofauthority and decision making to subordinates, and thisrequires them to be everywhere at once. Every week, atleast two full working days of each
time is devotedto meeting- of the Dean's Council and important UniversityCommittees (such as the University
Promotion Committee).This seriously impairs Faculty operations on those days,and it is responsible for many delayed decisions. On thedays they are present at their desks, they are overburdenedwith routine matters which could and should be handled tyothers. This
problem should be addressed by the University(see section 9,Recommendations).
f. University Outreach.
Nebraska Team members and their counterparts havetravelled throughout Afghanistan, in order to carry outseveral applied research and consultation projects, toidentify further research needs, and to :rather informationfor tailoring curricula to the needs of Afghanistan.
Considerable progress was made in our efforts topromote cooperation between the University and GOA Ministries.Government office with whom we have had frequent and usefulcontacts include the Primary School and Construction Departmentsof the Ministry of Higher Education, the Forestry and ResearchDepartments of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry ofWater and Power, and the Rural Development Department of the
-1%4-
Prime Ministry (see Project Purpose No. 3 of the Logical
Framework).
In order to increase interest in faculty research, and
to provide instruction in special research techniques, we
arranged a number of lecture series and seminars for the
Faculties of Agriculture and Engineering. Most of the
visits were funded outside the Project, being supported by
organizations such as USDA, USIS, NSF and private organiza-tions. Details are provided in our monthly reports.
Brief summaries of applied research, consulting, and
curriculum development activities constituting major project
activities which reach out into the development process are
included in this section.
1.) Research and Consultation
a.) Kabul University Research Center (KURC)
Output No. 6 of the Logical Framework requires the
establishment of a productive Kabul University Research Cen-
ter by the end of the Project. In late 1975 a new.KURC
constitution and bylaws were developed, calling for an
expanded organization with four divisions and publications
and archives sections and setting forth procedures for
allocation of research funds. The constitution and bylaws
were submitted several times to the government for approval
but this was never achieved. In early 1977 the constitution
was incorporated into a constitution for the entire Univer-
sity, however because of several controversial provisions
not related to KURC, this remains unapproved today. Finally,
however, the GOA Council of Ministers passed a resolution on
September 20, 1977 which permits the KURC to accept research
grants, to have a bank account, and to dispense funds to KU
researchers in accordance with procedures established by the
Ministry of Higher Education (MHE). These procedures are
based upon the unapproved KURC bylaws, and have been used to
implement a grant for research in :don -Formal Education. It
will now be possible for KURC to access some Afs.500,000,
which has been tied up, in an inactive bank account awaiting
an approval such as this.
The KURC is adequately staffed for the present (well
qualified director, eight partially qualified professional
staff, and two clerks) and is working very hard to carry out
its responsibilities. A newly formed research council has
reviewed reports on previous research projects, has solicited
proposals for new projects, and has assigned funding priori-
ties to proposals received. All research projects previously
conducted under. KURC sponsorship have been abstracted, and
Dari and English versions are now being prepared. The KURC
staff and the Nebraska consultant, professor Gerald R. Board-
man, have provided assistance on individual research projects
to staff members from Agriculture, Science, Pharmacy, Medicine,
Social Science, and Professional Education, as well as person-
nel of the Research Section of the Ministry of Education.
This has included help in planning, design, data analysis, and
data presentation.
b.) Kabul University Research Farm
This Farm, located five kilometers south of the
University campus, supports Faculty of Agriculture research
Appendix A
Titl
e of
Pro
ject
:H
ighe
r E
duca
tion
-- K
abul
univ
ersi
ty 3
06-
I1 6
60 -
121.
NA
RR
AT
IVE
BU
AtM
AR
Y
LO
GIC
AL
F'H
AM
Ft4(
NK
Obl
igat
ion
Span
Frum
FY
197
3 to
FY
1976
F.ap
endl
ture
Spt
nFr
om F
Y 1
974
tri F
Y19
78O
BJE
CT
IVE
LY
V L
R I
FIA
B L
EIN
DIC
AT
OR
SM
EA
NS
OF
V I
311F
I.A
T1O
NPr
otra
m o
r Se
ctor
Goa
l:
Mak
e A
fgha
n hi
gher
educ
atio
n re
leva
nt to
man
pow
er n
eeds
of
soci
alan
d ec
onom
icde
velo
pmen
t by
1977
.
Proj
ect P
urpo
se:
1.In
trod
uce
flue
new
cur
ricu
la.
2.E
stab
lish
com
pete
nce
Inap
plle
dres
eard
i
a.A
nim
al p
rodu
ctio
n.St
ock
Impr
ovem
ent,
fatte
ntng
fin
ishi
ng.
Pack
ing
plan
t ope
ratio
nan
d m
arke
ting.
Mea
sure
s of
Goa
l Ach
ieve
men
t: _
1. A
chie
vem
ent o
fFo
urth
5-
year
Pla
nob
ject
ives
in h
ighe
red
ucat
ion.
2.R
estr
uctu
red
K11
mat
ricu
late
-oit-
ces
to r
efle
ctna
tiona
l 197
7 re
quir
emen
tsfo
r de
vcln
pmen
ta-
tnfo
wer
:C
olle
ges
4th
Plan
11-0
41A
gric
ultu
re11
2015
.6L
ette
rs98
013
.6E
duca
tion
An
12 2
Scie
nce
880
12.2
Med
ical
731
10. 2
Poly
tech
nics
603
9. S
Law
595
8.3
Eng
irt s
ang
455
6 3
Eco
nom
ics
400
5 6
The
olog
y32
04.
4Pe
ar m
ac o
fogy
150
2I
Tot
al'1
194
100
3.H
igh
utili
zatio
n of
gr a
dual
es, p
arte
ala
i- iv
m d
evel
op-
men
t- im
pact
fie
lds.
4.Pu
blis
hed
kit d
evel
opm
ent
plan
.
5.N
ew c
urri
cula
at
ciltz
cal F
acul
ties
ofA
gric
ultu
re,
Iagt
neer
ins
,E
dna
Min
n.
6..I
mpr
oved
com
pete
nce
in a
pplie
dre
sear
ch.
7.V
eehd
Del
iver
ed)
Res
earc
hC
ente
r1051Cí,
8.M
anag
emen
t of
univ
ersi
tysy
stem
.
Ind
o(r
rp1e
ct s
tatu
s.
1,C
urri
cula
in p
ower
engi
neer
ing,
agr
icul
tura
lm
echu
vice
,fo
od p
roce
ssin
g,vo
catio
nal t
each
ertr
aini
ng, e
ngin
eeri
ngm
anag
emen
t.
2. K
U R
esea
rch
Cen
ter
(UPC
)co
mpe
tenc
e:-
a.M
anne
d by
trai
ned
dire
ctor
,8
-man
sta
ff.
b.B
udge
t ade
quat
e to
supp
ort C
ente
r ov
erhe
adan
d 16
0gr
ants
: at l
east
Ala
100,
000,
US$
400
0pe
r ye
ar.
C.
Cap
abili
ty in
pur
chas
ing,
budg
ettin
g.d.
Cap
abttl
tj to
iden
tify
proj
ects
, Ini
tiate
goo
dap
plie
dre
sear
ch, e
stab
lish
rele
vanc
y to
rur
alde
velo
pmen
t-!.
Incr
ease
d G
OA
rel
ianc
eon
aca
dem
ic r
esea
rch.
a.U
nive
rsity
Far
m m
anne
dby
ful
l -tim
e di
rect
oran
d 2
nun
staf
f, s
uppo
rted
by
adeq
uate
bud
get p
ruvi
sion
a.R
esea
rch
find
ings
app
licab
le to
publ
ie p
riva
te s
ecto
rs.
1.Fi
fth
S -y
ear
Plan
ana
lysi
sof
Fou
rth
5 -y
ear
Plan
per
form
ance
.
2. K
Ure
cord
s.
3.M
anpo
wer
util
izat
ion
stud
ies
on p
lace
men
tof
gra
duat
es,
4.O
bser
vai l
un.
5.Ir
ugra
und
bi a
gnc,
ltura
lm
than
ie e
, (c.
nipr
oces
sng,
pow
er e
ngin
eeri
ng,
engi
neer
ing
mgm
t, vo
catio
nal
teac
her
trai
ning
, etc
.6.
Res
earc
h ea
pahi
lrty
In
lives
tock
, ele
ctri
c.po
wer
, tea
cher
trai
ning
,et
c.
7.L
inka
ges
with
CIA
,pr
ivat
e se
ctor
.8.
Cos
t-be
nefi
t. fa
culty
- st
uden
t, lib
rary
-st
uden
t. co
st -
stu
dent
ratin
e.
11f.
Kra
ta lo
gue.
Proj
ect S
taff
ana
lysa
of c
ours
eof
stu
dy, i
nstr
uctio
nal
prog
ram
s.
2.Pr
ojec
t Sta
ff a
naly
sts.
a.C
ount
.Q
ualif
icat
ions
.b.
Proj
ect
Stal
l obs
erva
tion.
el'r
ojc'
ct S
taff
(aa
erva
tt.ii.
d.Pu
blis
hed
rese
arch
repo
rts.
KU
bud
get.
e. G
OA
con
trac
ta, j
obs
will
K11
.e
Staf
f qu
alif
icat
ions
,co
mpa
riso
n of
bud
gets
,pu
blis
ced
rese
arch
repo
rts.
I/Pr
otec
t Sta
ff: K
U, M
AID
, cont
ract
or ll
kdve
mty
Neb
resk
a).
Sept
emia
-r 1
5, 1
971_
___
1MP(
71T
AN
F A
SSU
MPT
ION
S
I. G
OA
com
mitm
ent
to K
U d
evel
opm
ent
ae o
ne p
rinc
iple
uni
vers
ityfo
r m
eetin
gna
tiona
l dev
elop
men
tne
eds.
2.C
OA
res
pons
iven
ess/
flex
ibili
tyto
mee
tch
angi
ng d
evel
opm
edal
requ
irem
ents
.3
No
atnó
êa o
r oi
lier
stud
ent u
nres
t dur
ing
tile
of p
roje
ct.
4.A
doqu
ate
CO
A b
udge
tary
prov
isio
ns f
orhi
gher
edu
catio
n ub
eect
or.
5.O
UA
mai
ntai
ns n
atio
nal
man
pow
er p
rior
i -tie
s to
r ru
ral d
evel
opm
ent
thro
ugh
1977
.6
GO
A p
erso
nnel
pof
tele
@fa
cilit
ate
mob
tltts
th.n
of b
eet a
ppro
pria
teed
ucat
ed p
eopl
eto
war
d ru
ral d
evel
opm
ent
obje
ctiv
es.
1.D
onor
, CU
R r
esea
rch
prio
ritie
s co
ntin
ue.
Proj
ects
m li
vest
ock,
pow
er, s
econ
dary
educ
atio
n co
ntin
ue.
2.V
ItC
, AL
AI,
Fac
ulty
of
Agr
icul
ture
col
la-
Por
at in
n.
3.U
ItC
, MA
I, F
acul
tyof
Eng
inee
ring
col
la-
bora
tion
with
C E
CSA
R.
417
1 C
. Atln
iatr
l of
Edu
catio
n, D
epar
tmen
tof
Edu
catio
n co
llabo
ratio
n.
5.G
OA
mai
ntai
ns L
IRC
man
date
toum
der-
tate
gov
ernm
enta
lan
d pr
ivat
e se
ctor
rese
arch
Logical Framework,
3QE-11-6(1-121--.September
15a 1974
NA
RR
AT
IV E
SU
MM
AP
l'
b.E
lect
ric p
ower
Indu
etrl
(con
sulti
ngpr
ojec
ts o
f AR
M a
nd M
lnla
tzv
of M
ines
and
Indu
sttti
.
o.S
econ
dary
teac
her
trai
ning
M K
UD
epar
tmen
t o1
Edu
catio
n.
3.R
emov
e co
nstr
aint
s to
link
ages
betw
een
CR
C a
nd p
ublic
'priv
ate
sect
ors.
4.In
stitc
tiona
Ure
adm
Lcis
ttaF
.re
orga
nisa
-tio
n an
d 5n
ppor
l of F
acul
ties
of A
gric
ultu
re,
Eng
inee
ring,
Edu
catio
n.
,.P
repa
re lo
ng r
ange
KII
deve
lopm
ent
plan
.
6. W
irt&
sta
ff of
Fac
ultie
sof
Agr
icul
ture
,ß
igtn
eerin
g, a
nd E
duca
tion,
Out
puts
:
1.N
ee c
urric
ula.
2.E
xpan
ded
orga
niza
tion
and
capa
bilit
yof
ape
lted
rese
arch
,
3.R
etur
ned
Mrt
icip
anta
pla
ced
Inpo
si-
tions
at l
east
equ
ival
ent I
nre
spon
sibi
lity
to th
ose
held
upo
n de
part
ure
for
trai
n!ng
.
4.R
eurn
ed v
isiti
ng le
ctur
ers
plac
edin
posi
tions
at l
east
equ
ival
ent i
nre
spon
sl-
bUlty
to th
ose
held
upo
n de
part
ure
for
trai
ning
.
S.
Effi
cten
tlyxt
trar
tage
d F
acul
ties
of A
gri
cultu
re, E
ngin
eerin
g,E
duca
tion.
4.P
r('d
,rth
e C
RC
ser
ving
CO
A,
priv
ate
sect
or r
esea
rch
requ
irem
ent*
.
7.C
olle
ctio
n, a
naly
sis
of K
Upl
anni
ngda
ta.
Rec
omm
enda
tions
for
fLus
e ta
long
-ra
nge
KU
Dev
elop
men
tP
lan.
O.
Tra
ined
Fac
ultie
s of
Agr
icul
ture
, ET
g1-
seer
htg,
Edu
catio
n.
OR
JEC
T1V
}a.Y
l E
ll lf
iAA
LEIN
DIC
A.1
1S
b.C
F.C
SA
A b
ait s
tiffe
d an
dhn
dget
ed In
s,4p
ort t
) gr
nnts
Inpr
ivat
e/pu
Míc
aec
tnrs
capa
ble
of a
pnlie
d en
guxa
ring
esea
nP
eses
roh
findm
gs a
¡y,tL
ttI,f
e tr
. pub
lic p
ri,rit
e st
nrs,
r.Im
prov
ed te
se k
ing
met
hods
and
rut
m.
Str
engt
hene
din
tegr
atio
n of
con
tent
and
pro
fess
iona
lro
be m
ine,
coo
rneo
,
3, a
Per
r -d
in m
eetin
gs le
in e
rn I'
IC a
mi '
Moi
sts.
letu
ren
UR
Can
d pr
ivat
e re
'rh.
trot
en
5m
g n,
an''t
r of
1'R
're
v ric
h p4
's ,
1in
. tea
s m
gre
lue
with
CO
A. w
ith p
rivat
ese
ctor
.e.
New
coro
nets
nosh
es a
nd t.
, let
an,r
4,3
In, n
ines
het
ter
ee, o
nì-p
de,c
l,dpr
r.cn
u tr
!3ed
tor,
nr.n
t
A.
rhlls
hed
hC it
, elo
prnc
nt P
lan.
6. Esc
Agr
tcW
ture
Fac
Eng
inee
rK
U D
ept F
itter
Mgm
t/s,n
pper
t
No.
sta
tt ho
ldin
gT
otal
sta
ffde
grer
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-14
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et b
i 19:
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1F21
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1044
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Sfaó
akud
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t7ut
puta
-
1.F
ireA
rt1(
clt,r
s1 m
echa
nics
food
prr
rv,.'
,ff`
+r
engi
neer
ing.
eng
inee
ring
man
agem
ent
. voc
atio
nal r
e he
rtr
aini
ng.
2.N
ew r
esea
rch
pro
:tu -
ts in
.at
lean
t, Ito
est
ow'b
.po
wer
.te
ache
r tr
aini
ng.
3.43
In F
acul
ties
of A
gric
ultu
re,
Eng
inee
ring
and
Eol
o. a
11m
,, an
d K
U a
dmin
istr
atin
n.
MI A
MA
Of V
fT1F
It'A
T1O
N
hS
taff
qual
ifica
tions
,co
mpa
rison
of M
aigr
is,
pnbl
ishe
.i re
sear
ch r
epor
te.
c.P
rotir
.i S
taff
anal
, sis
ff-.e
2 a
bove
.
Jf
lily
rev
olds
.
4S
tall
tnt,i
, t,v
de"r
. ,n
hwtg
Hpr
epar
atio
nilu
1Re1
4trm
s 7
et,ft
e.l
rrla
to i
to n
etti,
M:,i
ntrn
an, e
ond
usr
ol r
o:nt
iri,,.
nsi,r
st'u
tent
lern
rds.
1111
1,m
ta
Tra
ined
sta
ff.
TT
Pic
t lIo
n.
8. K
P r
ecor
da.
F.I
.a,a
toyn
ere
liait.
tin n
it(' i
ne.p
etiio
n'.
1.7.aöe
Z
iMl't
6t T
A N
T A
SS
IIMP
TIO
htS
6. K
U r
ecei
ves
adeq
uate
man
agem
ent t
rain
-in
g gr
ants
.
7.M
ilt s
uppo
rt fo
r K
C P
lann
ing
Com
mitt
eeei
tahl
lehe
d Ja
nnar
y 19
73.
8.K
U a
dmin
isfr
atto
n re
queM
sae
siet
anoe
of
It S
. con
trac
tor
with
hl,
Dev
elop
men
t fla
n
h1n
.410
rec
ords
t'onr
rs, t
o,eo
ns w
iem
l oe
Ml)F
. pnl
h'n
re p
lace
men
tof
r s
oirs
roi
uni
verle
ty p
artie
( pent
e in
rror
danc
e w
ith d
evel
opm
ent
prio
ritie
s.e'
ontr
sc(n
v rr
txer
s^i
', I1
AfII
rec
ords
orst
ir in
spe(
tdon
.
3'h
airlu
ig O
ffice
rer
ords
.K
1 ro
rort
ls.
4.15
in F
acul
ties
of A
gric
ultu
re,
Eng
inee
ring
en?
U'".
nti-
'n4
' -''
, e',r
'I`
S.W
ell-
orga
nize
d an
d-a
dmin
iste
red
Fac
ultie
sof
Aw
l ti o
lpur
e,4
Con
trac
tor
reto
rts.
On
-site
insp
ectln
ne.
Eng
inee
ring,
Edu
catio
n.fo
teet
sta
ff ev
alua
tion.
6.19
77 in
crea
se In
col
labo
ratio
n,re
sear
ch J
obs,
cm
. rai
n,'h
Con
rrac
tor
repo
rte
Pro
ject
sta
rt A
'alu
ltlon
etc.
. eve
r 19
" 4
leve
l.
7.W
ritte
n re
p, It
s of
Who
rl-t
erm
pro
fess
ors.
6.N
ew d
egre
ebel
der1
975
-77:
pli
D.
Fac
ultt
Agr
ltultn
re--
-F
acul
ty E
ngin
eerin
gi
I0D
ept E
duca
tion
78
Man
agem
ent/S
uppo
rt3
5
2826M. A
Tot
al
7'-p
pict
, nf r
epn:
te
lt.
Kr
reco
rds.
Si
2pa
, sca
les.
ben
efits
. int
entir
esar
ead
equa
te to
attr
act q
ualif
ied
staf
f, e.
g..
retu
rned
per
ticip
arta
. let
ture
re.
3A
ID K
, t',S
,mht
-ret
ttee,
U. S
. lm
mta
ra1.
1,41
Ser
vire
den
l par
ticip
ant/l
ectu
rer
exte
n-si
ons
disr
uptiv
e of
sch
edul
edtr
aine
e ut
lirtio
n.
4.N
tl rh
'sw
e up
on p
lann
ing
expe
rtis
e of
t, S
cont
ract
or.
S.
CO
Ad,
ee n
otre
orga
nice
KU
to m
anne
rdi
erup
ttte
ni c
urre
nt a
gree
men
tbe
fore
197
7
Logical Framework
- Project 306- 11 -b60-121 - September 15, 1974
NA
RR
AT
IVE
SU
MM
AR
YO
BJE
CT
IVE
LY
V 2
31 I
I'IA
BL
EIN
DIC
AT
OR
SPage 3
ME
AN
S O
F V
ER
IFIC
AT
ION
IMPO
RT
AN
I A
SSU
MPT
ION
SIn
ta:
U, B
, AID
inso
le
Con
trac
t with
Uni
vers
ity o
f N
ebra
ska.
2. U
nive
rsity
adm
inis
trat
ion
and
facu
lty te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e in
educ
atio
n,en
gine
erin
g m
sasg
emen
t, ag
ricu
ltura
l/ci
vil e
ngin
eeri
ng, e
lect
rica
len
gine
erin
g,an
imal
sci
ence
and
agr
icul
ture
rese
arch
met
hodo
logy
. pla
nt s
cien
cecr
oser
ratlo
a,te
ache
r ed
ucat
ion
curs
icul
um,v
ocet
iona
lte
ache
r tr
aini
ng.
Tw
elve
-mon
thei
timla
tea:
Tot
al$
617.
000
Nin
e ad
viso
rs$
472.
000
Con
sulta
nte
50,0
00L
ocal
U.S
. sec
reta
ries
10,0
00W
aftin
g A
fgha
n le
ctur
eshi
ps50
,000
Rom
. off
ice
over
head
35,0
00
2 M
altin
g A
fgha
n le
ctur
ers
to U
.B.
Con
trac
t adv
isor
y se
rvic
es,
Vis
iting
Afg
han
Lec
ture
rs to
U.B
. --
dire
ct.
Mas
ters
and
Doc
tora
te tr
aini
ng a
broa
dfo
r)t
mio
r fa
culty
of
Agr
icul
ture
, Eng
inee
ring
,an
d E
duca
tion
acco
rdin
g to
Tra
inin
g an
dSt
aff
Dev
elop
men
t Pla
ns.
Prov
isio
n of
text
book
", li
brar
y su
ppor
t,te
achi
ng m
ater
ials
, spa
re p
arta
for
U.S
.eq
uipp
ed la
bora
tori
es.
Invi
tatio
nal t
rave
l.
Tru
st F
unds
for
U.S
. con
trac
tor
impo
rt
Rou
sing
, fur
nish
ings
, mai
nten
ance
, util
i-tie
s, e
tc.
Peac
e C
orps
b,p
ut
Adv
isor
s In
Fac
ulty
of
Eng
inee
ring
.
Impl
emen
tatio
n T
arge
t:
$3,0
84,0
00.
Thr
ee -
year
con
trac
t $1,
030,
000.
1.M
M p
erye
arFY
74
-75
tots
$1,
200,
000
144
9 pr
ofes
sors
L08
2 le
al U
S se
cret
arie
s24
S- T
con
sulta
nts
12FY
76
tota
l $54
0,00
011
49
prof
esso
rs78
2 lo
cal U
S se
cret
arie
s24
S T
con
sulta
nts
12
2.T
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5 In
FY
73,
.5in
FY
76)
$i00
,000
.
Four
teen
MM
(t)
r. M
tller
i$5
7,00
0 FY
73-
74.
Six
(2 lo
FY
73,
4 in
FY
74)
$42,
000.
43 n
ew p
artic
ipan
ts tr
aini
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or11
0 m
an-
year
s.$1
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1973
-76
.
New
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Nó:
MM
_Ç
ount
ry._
qat _
FY 7
321
252
U.S
.61
75,0
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74
2024
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2u 8
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224
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8,00
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74
1516
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531
346
U.S
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1,00
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73
$65,
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FY
75
$55,
000)
.
$12,
000
$127
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(FY
75
$53,
000,
FY
76
$74,
000)
.
Foto
adv
isor
*.
I1SA
ID r
ecor
ds.
(RA
ID, c
ontr
acto
r, K
Ure
cord
a.
Tra
inin
g M
ice,
con
trac
tor.
KU
reco
rds.
LA
AU
) re
cord
s.
Tra
inin
g O
ffic
e re
cord
s.
Tra
inin
g O
rric
e, c
ontr
acto
r, K
Urecorde.
USA
LD
, KU
rec
ords
.
Tra
inin
g O
ffic
e, K
U r
ecor
ds.
]SA
ID c
ontr
acto
r re
cord
s.
Peac
e C
orps
. KU
records.
Logical Framework - Project 306 -11 -660 -121- September 15,19M
KA
RR
AT
IV E
S U
M M
AH
YO
BJE
CT
IVE
LY
VE
RIF
IAB
LE
IN
DIC
AT
OR
S
Pale 4
ME
AN
S O
F V
IA I
FIC
AT
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IMP
OR
TA
tir
ASS
UM
PTIO
NS
OO
A h
nPot
Com
terp
erts
(m
ire/
ratty
adm
inis
trat
ors,
teac
hing
sta
ff, e
tc.)
to U
.S. p
rofe
ssor
s.
Can
dida
tes
for
over
seas
gal
ntsg
.
Can
dida
tes
for
.kiti
ng le
ctur
er p
rogr
ams.
Mai
ntai
ning
par
ticip
ants
' and
lect
urer
s'po
sttlm
s un
til r
etur
n.
Tra
inin
g of
tech
nici
ens
to m
aint
ain
proj
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quip
men
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Off
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spac
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r U
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rofe
ssor
s an
d co
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r-pa
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erpa
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ettr
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Fac
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Edu
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uppo
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FRO
Inp
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Adv
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of n
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s.
Fift
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idat
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SS p
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Facu
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of
Agr
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, Eng
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Edu
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rogr
ams
In u
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part
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Ref
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Shar
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g., t
ypis
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Fore
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curr
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allo
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$17
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Obs
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KU
rec
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Name
Long -Term Consultants
APPENDIX
- SUMMARY OF 41E:hRASKA TEAM
PERSONNEL
Position
Gibson, Richard E.
CECSAR Consultant
and Chief of Party
Glidden, G. Wayne
Educational, Curric-
ulum Specialist
and
Assistant Chief of
Party
Cross, Otis E.
Agricultural -Civil
Engineer
Boardman, Gerald
R.
Educational Research
Specialist
Davis, Harold L.
Vocational. Technical
Education Specialist
Doane, Ted H.
Animal Scientist
Young, Joseph O.
Plant Scientist
Johnson, Marvin M.
Management Engineer
* Bolyea, Norman
F.
Management Engineer
and CECSAR Consultant
Myers, Harry J.
Electrical (Power)
Engineer.
*Replaced Johnson
who departed early
due to
Academic Rank
Date of
Date of
Arrival
Departure
At
Post
from Contract
Professor
16
Sep
74
31 Dec
77
PrOfcÛsc,r
16
Scp
711
31 :;ay
7 `'
Associate Professor
16
Sep
74
15 Sep 76
Associate Professor
3Feb
75
2 Feb
77
Professor
3Feb
75
2 Feb
77
Professor
3Feb
75
2 Feb
77
Professor
3Feb
75
31 May
77
Professor
3Feb
75
30 Jun 76
Associate Professor
20
Sep
76
31 Dec 77
Associate Professor
illness.
3 Feb
75
214 Feb
77
APPENDIX B - SUMMARY OF NEBRASKA TEAM PERSONNEL
Name
Position
Academic Rank
Date of
Date of
Arrival
Departure
Short -Term Consultants
at Post
from Contract
Muse, William V.
Business Affairs
Dean and
Consultant
Professor
8 Jul 75
1 Sep 75
Neild, R. E.
Agricultural Cli-
matology Consultant
Professor
31 May 76
12 Jul 76
Hayes, Dale K.
Institutional Re-
search Consultant
Professor
8 Jul 76
5 Aug 76
Lane, Richard
Quality of Programs
Consultant
Professor
12 Jul. 76
11 Aug 76
* Haven Guy T.
Medical Consultant
Professor and
Assistant Dean
2 Aug 76
1 Sep 76
* Young, Paul
Medical Consultant
Professor
2 Aug 76
3 Sep 76
* Rigby, Perry
Medical Consultant
Professor and
Dean
30 Aug 76
6 Sep 76
Revelle, Jack B.
Manpower Analysis
Consultant
Professor
20 Sep 76
15 Oct 76
Hanna, George
Engineering Education
Dean and
Consultant
Professor
4 Nov 76
19 Nov 76
Hill, Robert H.
Feed Analysis
Consultant
Professor
27 Apr 77
1 Jun 77
Brickell, John
Baseline Study
Consultant
Associate Professor
23 May 77
1 Jul 77
Dennehy, Bart
Construction Manage-
ment Consultant
*Funded by the World Health Organization.
Professor
30 May 77
19 Aug 77
-16-
in several areas. ly the end of the Project, it was intended
that the Farm be functional and well managed and equipped,
(see Project Purpose No. 2a of the Logical Framework).
Livestock at the Farm today consists only of three cows
and' six bulls, twenty sheep, and about 200 laying hens.
Forty acres are available for crops, and this usually is
planted in wheat, barley, corn, and alfalfa and miscellaneous
experimental vegetables. There is a five -acre orchard, with
peach, pear, plum and apple trees - all about eight years
old.
The University has recently authorized and budgeted a
full -time position for the Farm Director, and a Faculty
member has been assigned, along with two assistants.
Nebraska Team members have assisted in planning and
designing new facilities for livestock research. Construc-
tion of a 1000 -bird poultry house was started in early 1976,
but stopped. Funds are available and construction will re-
sume in early 1978. A new greenhouse has been approved,
and will likely be funded next year. Due to budgetary
limitations, plans have been deferred for remodeling the
cattle barn and adding a dairy processing unit to it, and
for a new meat processing and cold storage unit.
Livestock is very expensive, and neither GOA nor Pro-
ject funds were available to mount meaningful research in
this area, except for small projects in poultry and sheep.
c.) Center for Engineering Consulting Services
and Applied Research (CECSAR)
In view of the University's desire to fund all
research through KURC, CECSAR has developed as an engineer-
n
ing consultation organization rather than the consulting and
research organization anticipated in the Logical Framework
(see Project Purpose No. 2b). The organization started op-
eration in 1967 and a "protocol" was written in 1971 which
attempted to formalize the operation. This was never approved
by the Government, however, and CECSAR has operated on pre-
cedent. it was inactive at the beginning of our Project,
being re- established.with new leadership in September 1974.
Since then it has had five very capable Directors, the current
director (Dr. A. Rahim) having returned in 1977 from a
Project participantship with a Ph.D. in soil mechanics and
foundations. A seven -man committee meets regularly to con-
duct the business of the organization.
A new constitution has been written and was approved in
1976 b_y_the University after many negotiations and revisions.
Since that time it has been submitted through various chan-
nels for GOA approval, but this has always been denied
because of a conflict with GOA civil service regulations.
In spite of this, the Government has approved several contracts
between CECSAR and its Ministries. Hence, lack of approval
of the constitution (or other form of GOA recognition for
CECSAR) has not hampered CECSAR to date, but without the
leverage provided by a USAID assistance project, serious pro-
blems could arise in the future. The organization fills
several very useful purposes, and it should be institutionalized
as a permanent organization of the Faculty of Engineering
(see section 9 - Recommendations).
Since September 1974, 235 small and large projects have
-ib-
been undertaken by CECSAR, 33 of which have been cancelled,
and 153 completed. To date, 80% of the projects have been
done for a fee under Afs. 5000, while 5% have had fees of
over Afs. 50,000. One hundred and ten staff members, tech-
nicians and students of the Faculty of Engineering have been
paid over 2 million Afghanis ($45,000) for consulting
services. This figure is greater than the total annual
salaries of the 50 or so engineering and architectural staff
members at the Faculty of Engineering. The total contract
price of CECSAR projects, including services, materials and
25% overhead is over 7 million Afghanis ($158,000).
CECSAR collects 25% of personnel fees as overhead. Thus
far about 0.5 million Afghanis ($11,000) have been deposited
into the Kabul University general fund. Although these funds
are needed for equipment and office furnishings, CECSAR will
not be able to draw on overhead funds until the new consti-
tution is approved. CECSAR has opened an engineering
architectural design office about half a mile from KU to handle
its increased work load.
One of CECSAR's greatest strengths is its diversity of
clients. This has been largely accomplished through the
credibility that the Project has provided to the organization.
CECSAR's remaining weaknesses include its internal administra-
tion (which approval of the constitution would improve), and
friction among the departments which arises in connection
with assigning incoming projects to departments and indivi-
duals.
d.) Research and Consulting Projects
Output No. 2 of the Logical Framework requires an
-19-
expanded capability in applied research and calls for ini-
tiation of new research projects. In spite of the lack of
regular research funds until recently, progress in this area
has been encouraging. A few of the more significant research
efforts which are considered attributable (at least in part)
to the Project are described below.
The joint KURC - Y.inistry of Education "Baseline Study
of the T..SAID - Assisted Rural Primary School Construction
Project" is presently underway. This study will provide data
concerning social, economic and educational characterstics of
old and new schools and their host communities. It is intended
that additional surveys be conducted over about a five -year
period to determine the effects of the school construction
proram. The gatherint- of initial baseline data was completed
in November 1977, and analysis of the data will start in
1978. Although this research is funded separately from the
Project by USAID, our Educational Research Specialist (Profes-
sor Gerald R. Boardman) was involved in the desin of the pro-
ject, and Professor John Prickell assisted in designing the
survey instruments during a Project short -term consultancy in
May and June, 1977.* Boardman also assisted with the early
* Problems arose in late 1977 after the initial data for theBaseline Study was collected. KURC personnel seemed unsurehow to proceed with the data analysis phase and it was con-cluded by USAID that this topic had not been addressed ade-quately in Professor Brickell's consultancy. AlthoughBrickell had not discussed the analysis in his final report,he has provided additional information in a supplement datedMarch 10, 1978. That document makes it clear that the surveyinstruments were designed with an analysis plan in mind andthat procedures for analysis were discussed and recommendedduring the consultancy. In addition, Professor Brickell as-sumed he would return to participate in the analysis.
early negotiations between KU and the Ministry of Education
which were necessary to get the project underway. This was
not withoùt difficulties, as there is little precedence in
Afghanistan for inter-agency cooperation of this type.
In September 1977 the KURC contracted with AID to carry
out studies in Non- Formal Education. This project is funded
in the amount of $90,000 (over a three-year period) by the
Technical Assistance Eúreau of AID /W. The grant provides
for several seminars to acquaint KU and GOA ministry person-
nel with the purposes and methodologies of the research.
The first seminar was held in November 1977.
In Animal Science, a research proposal was written with
the assistance.of our consultant (Professor Ted H. Doane) and
forwarded to the International Foundation for Science. The
Project, "Evaluating Different Systems of Sheep- Raising for
Meat, Wool, Milk, and Karakul Production" by A. H. Quraishi,
was recently funded by IFS in the amount of $7,000. The re-
search will start in early 1978.
Until adequate and regular funding is found, KU research
in animal science must center on animal feeds, where costs
are minimal. A project entitled "Determining the Carotene
(Vitamin A) Content of Plants in Afghanistan" was initiated
in late 1975. The purpose of this research was to identify
high carotene content plants for use by local feeders, since
large quantities of vitamins are difficult to obtain here.
Four Afghan researchers have been involved in the project.
Over 200 samples representing 15 plants (tree leaves, weeds,
and crop residues) were collected, and carotene and mineral
content analysis was completed last summer. The Cent= for
Afghanistan Studies furnished chemicals needed in the wor-k.
A paper has been written for publication and distribution to
the Ministry of Agriculture. There is much interest fn this
project, and hopefully, the research will be extended in tìe
future.
Two Afghan researchers and our consultant were involved
in a study of "Quality Losses in Stored Alfalfa Hay". Protein
and vitamin losses in hay stored under three different
conditions at the University Research Farm were determined.
Completion of the research and publication of results await
the return of the principle researcher from a study tour in
Eeirut.
A new feed analysis laboratory was established in the
Faculty of Agriculture to enable further research in this
important but relatively inexpensive area. Project commodity
funds were used for the laboratory components. and our short -
term consultant, Professor R. A. Hill, set up the laboratory
in May of 1977.
We have encouraged the Faculty of Agriculture to engage
in poultry research as another inexpensive area, and Dean
Hashem reports that an important project in chicken production
has been funded and will start in early 1978.
A significant project entitled "Comparative Studies of
Protein Sources in Fattening Rations of Two Breeds of Sheep
in Afghanistan and the Relationship to Carcass Meat" was ac-
complished through funding by the University (Afs. 36,000)
and the Nebraska Team (Afs. 20,000). Thirty -two head of
sheep were purchased. Data collection was completed before
our animal science consultant departed and the analysis and
publication have since been prepared by Professor Gul Ahmad
Kishtyar.
in Plant Science, a "Vegetable Seed Collection" project
was initiated in 1975. Phase I consisted of obtaining about
300 collections throughout Afghanistan, and a second phase
provided for procuring seeds of selected varieties from J.S.
sources. The final phase, started in 1976, was the growing,
evaluation, and propagation of seeds for future research
purposes and for large scale production where appropriate.
This was
sultant,
repeated in the
Professor J. O.
1977 growing season,
Young, had departed.
after our con-
Also, a germ
plasm bank of genetic resources has been started in cooper-
ation with the Ministry of Agriculture.
A "Vegetable Seed Production Project" was also accom-
plished, using pure line seed of several crops from U.S.
sources. These include peas, beans, onion, pepper, carrot,
beet, tomato, eggplant, cabbage, cauliflower, and hot pepper.
The results of this work are presently under publication in
the Faculty of Agriculture. A collection of grape and
pomegranate cultivars was also made, and about 100 varieties
have been planted. Growth studies have started.
A "Fruit and Vegetable Survey of Three Selected Markets
in Kabul" was accomplished. Its purpose was to document the
seasonal availability and prices of fresh commodities. This
information can serve as a vital base for decision making con-
cerning future research projects in terms of the needs and
-23-
opportunities of Afghanistan.
In the electric power area, electrical engineers of the
Faculty -of Engineering (including our consultant, Professor
Harry Myers) assisted the Ministry of Water and Power in
establishing a systems planning department. The purpose of
the department is to coordinate and synchronize power plants
throughout the country to form an interconnected power grid,
thereby leveling out the effects of localized high power
demands and the effects of power plant outages. Many problems
will be encountered in achieving this goal (the several
existing power plants were constructed by different donors -
US, FRG, USSR - and are not compatible), and we have high
hopes that the Faculty of Engineering, as a result of its
involvement, will be asked to provide additional research
and consulting services, either through the KURC or CECSAR.
Recently CECSAR has been involved in many larger projects,
a representative sampling would include the following:
The design, working drawings, and models for the
Rural Primary Schools were prepared for ;;SAID in a project
completed in December 1976 for a fee of Afs. 175,500 ($3900).
Also a standard design and bill of materials for nine types
of Basic Health Centers for USAID were completed in December
1976 for a fee of Afs. 508,000 ($11,290).
Soil tests and aggregate analysis and design were
completed in February 1977 for the Pul- i- Matuk, Band -i -amir,
and Kandahar -Tirinkat highways. These services were carried
out for the Swiss consulting firm, Motor Columbus, for a fee
of Afs. 311,270 ($6,920).
-24-
Model testing of a river diversion structure forthe Khanabad irrigation project by CECSAR hydraulic andcivil engineering staff is in its final stages. The projectis for the Ministry of Water and Power, and the fee is Afs.300,000 ($6,670).
In.November 1977 two large soils investigationswere completed. The first was a foundation and soils studyfor the new Kabul Central Post Office funded for Afs. 99,325($2,219) by the Ministry of Communications. The other pro-ject was a similar soils study for the sugar factory in
Baghlan funded for Afs. 85,750 ($1,905) by the ABAD consultingfirm.
Presently the major work in progress is the designof seven vocational agriculture school complexes throughoutAfghanistan. The project is for the Ministry of Educationwith the Afs. 4.86 million ($108,000) fee supplied by theWorld Bank. Over forty Engineering staff members are activelyengaged in the design of these schools. The final working
drawings are due to be completed by January 1978.
Another major study is in progress for the Motor
Columbus consulting firm. This soils investigation is forthe new highway between Sarobi and Pul -i -Matuk for a fee ofAfs. 120,000 ($2,670).
Finally, an agreement has just been reached betweenCECSAR and the Ministry of Mines and Industry enabling CECSARto undertake the design of a waste disposal system for twotextile factories in Kandahar. The negotiated fill will beabout Afs. 100,000 ($2,220).
e.) Building Code of Afghanistan
There has been a great deal of interest for some
time among the staff of the Faculty of Engineering in writ-
ing a uniform building code for Afghanistan. Such a code,
if carefully developed over a period of time and officially
adopted by the GOA, would serve to establish standards for
safe and economical building construction throughout the
country. It would provide guidance to local and foreign
designers where none' exists tcday.
CECSAR and other design agencies in Afghanistan now
have a great deal of difficulty in deciding upon design stan-
dards for projects such as the rural schools and health
centers, and eyen more difficulty in obtaining approval of
plans and specifications from the Ministry of Public Works.
In the absence of an official code, designers and approving
agencies have resorted to codes and practices fr6m other
countries, none of which are especially similar, and all of
which are inappropriate for Afghanistan.
In response to this felt need, our short -term consultant,
Professor Bart Dennehy, worked with a Faculty of Engineering
committee during the summer of 1977 in writing a proposal
for a research project to develop a comprehensive building
code which would "reflect the economic, cultural and techno-
logical conditions of the country within its traditional
constraints and changing patterns ". The proposal calls for
adapting the best and most appropriate provisions from codes
of other countries and from an abbreviated Afghan code pre-
pared earlier with UNDP help. The proposal suggests that the
Faculty of Engineering be designated to formulate the code
because of its collective expertise and because of its role
in educating designers (the code would become an important
teaching tool of the Faculty). It also proposed that inter-
ested governmental agencies, private firms and donor agencies
participate by appointing representatives to a committee
which would review and approve the sections of the code as
they are formulated.
This proposal requests authority from the GOA to proceed
with solicitation of funds to carry out the research. Realis-
tically, this important work cannot be accomplished without
funding because of the enormous amount of research, consulta-
tion and writing needed. The Faculty of Engineering should
press ahead with this project as quickly as possible. The
stage has been adequately set by Dennehy's consultancy -
many current reference materials are available and interest
is high in the Faculty and other GOA agencies.
f.) Development Related Research Project
At the request of USAID, our consultants have
participated in the early stages of planning a new assistance
project for the KU Research Center (KURC). The initial con-
cept studies occurred in 1976, and more recently the USAID
staff has advanced the project through the PRP stage in
consultation with AID /W - our role being limited to consulta-
tion upon request.
The project was initially envisioned as an institution
building project, providing assistance in several broad areas
including educational, agricultural, technological, and
-27-
socio- economic research. Eecause of the relative inexper-
ience of KURC and because of slowness in obtaining approval
of the bylaws, the project was reduced in scope in early
1977. It will now be limited to an experiment in socio-
economic research lasting two years, and will require a
smaller AID expenditure. Should KURC develop a track record
of successful organized research during this period, it
may be possible to extend support to other developmental
areas. (Most past research reported herein was accomplished
outside the framework of KURC).
2.) Curriculum Development
The development of a new curriculum or making major
revisions to an existing one is an arduous task at Kabul
University, as it is at any University. Our team members,
in cooperation with counterparts, consulted with GOA minis-
tries (the major employers of almost all KU graduates) to
determine skill and knowledge requirements and numbers of
graduates needed. Course sequences had to be designed and
approved by Faculty committees, and this often led to pro-
tracted discussions and negotiations. Course materials had
to be prepared, staffing arrangements made, and in some cases,
commodities were ordered for laboratories involved in the cur-
riculum. As the curriculum was being implemented, it was
necessary for our consultants to get into the classroom. A
very real contribution that was made by several of our con-
sultants was the example setting they accomplished in the
classroom. We found that allowing them to teach one course
each semester contributed in a very positive way to the quali-
-23-
ty of education at KU, and the contribution is often lastingbecause students learn to expect and demand higher teachingstandards through such exposures. In a few cases (e.g., inthe Faculty of Engineering) our consultants were expected toteach more than one course, and this interfered with theirother responsibilities.
In support of our various curricular activities, newreference -reading rooms were established in the Facultiesof Agriculture and Engineering, early in the Project. Manyof the books were contributed by the Center for AfghanistanStudies and by the Asia Foundation. The reading rooms havehad considerable impact because of the general shortage oftextbooks and ,reference materials, and they continue in oper-ation at the close of the Project. Eecause of a number ofobstacles encountered in setting up the facilities, we con-sider this work an important accomplishment.
a.): Curricula
Output No. 1 of the Logical Framework lists five newcurricula to be developed. Progress is reported on these asfollows:
Mechanized Agriculture: As indicated in our pre-vious reports, this Faculty of Agriculture curriculum wasdesigned with Ministry of Agriculture input, and was to be-come part of a coordinated program with the Faculty of Engi-neering curriculum in Agricultural Engineering. The lattercurriculum had not been taught for several years, and was re-designed. The two faculties were to cooperate by sharingcourses and laboratories.
-%2-
Although these important curricula now exist on paper,
we were unsuccessful in our efforts to implement either of
them, due to a shortage of qualified teaching staff and to
coordination problems between the two Faculties. Project
support for both curricula was withdrawn as a result of our
May 1976 Project evaluation, and our consultant, Professor
Otis Cross, departed post in August 1976.
The Faculty of Agriculture now plans to initiate mech-
anized Agriculture whenever suitable staffing arrangements
can be made. The Department of Civil Engineering has a good
nucleus of staff able to teach courses in water resources,
hydraulics, and hydrology, key engineering inputs to the
Agricultural Engineering curriculum. They have been teaching
these courses to CE students as electives, and have been ac-
tive in CECSAR projects. Thus the needs in Agricultural
Engineering are being partly met.
Power and Communications Engineering: These are
new options `within the Electrical Engineering curriculum.
The new Course Sequence was determined after our consultant
(Professor Harry Myers) and his counterparts had made exten-
sive visits to governmental agencies requiring graduates. The
regular Electrical Engineering curricula is used as a core,
and students specializing in power generation or communica-
tions will choose four or more technical electives related
directly to these areas. The new options have been approved
by the Department and Faculty Curriculum Committee. Formal
approval of the entire Faculty staff should be obtained in
early 1978. Meanwhile, several power and communications
-j0-
related courses have been developed and taught as technical
electives under the old curriculum. These include Power
Systems I and II, Energy Conversion I and II, Instrumentation,
Control Systems, and Communication. Younger faculty members
have taught these under the supervision of senior faculty and
our consultant.
In developing the Seven Year Plan, Kabul University
considered transferring the Power Engineering program to the
Soviet- assisted Polytechnic, _where better laboratories exist.
This was dropped, however, árßù the Plan calls for graduating
25 Power Engineers from the Faculty of Engineering annually
by 1983. The mix of students to be graduated in the various
disciplines of the Faculty of Engineering will depend on the
final form of the TMD project Whatever numbers are decided
upon, we see no major,impediments to fulfillment of project
objectives in this area. The quality of both the Power and
Communications,options will likely suffer in later years, how-
ever, if high growth i attempted without significant resources.
Management Enineering: This program has been de-
veloped as an option within the Mechanical Engineering cur-
riculum, along with options in Process Engineering, Heat and
Power, and Machine and Tool Design. The latter two options,
although not separately identified, have existed for some
time. Students will elect one of these specialty areas at
the beginning of their fifth year. This arrangement was de-
cided upon after extensive interviews with employers of
mechanical engineers, who seemed unanimous in their wish to
have applied generalists with a minimum of specialization.
-31-
Also, less teaching staff is required to conduct the programin this manner. Our consultant, Professor Marvin Johnson,
was involved in designing this program.
Courses for the Management option have been designed andintroduced, including Management Engineering, engineeringEconomics, Accounting, Probability and Statistics, ProductionPlanning and Control, Public Administration and SeniorSeminar. Teaching personnel have been drawn from a variety
of sources, including the departmental staff, the Peace Corps,
Fulbright Scholars, the FaelLy of Economics and our consul-tants. Although the curriculum has been implemented to a
large degree, final and formal approval awaits the advent ofthe TMD Project which will include a new construction manage-ment curriculum and a separate department which will offer
management courses to all engineering students.
Whatever the future administrative arrangements for
management engineering, teaching in the applications of
digital computers will be an important element of the program.In line with this, we have encouraged and supported initial
teaching efforts
was presented to
semester of this
in digital computers. A computer course
all fourth year students during the first
academic year, and to all fifth year studentsthe second semester. Thus all students graduating from theFaculty at the end of 1356 and 1357 will have had experiencein the use of computers. The course was developed after KUand the Afghan Computer Corporation (ACC) signed an agreementproviding KU 100 hours of free computer time annually over thenext five years. ACC provides one qualified instructor, all
.,..-,-textbooks, and allows the students access to their computer
equipment. The course is also being presented to fifteen
engineering staff members to insure that it will be maintained
in the curriculum. Professor Norman Bolyea's efforts have
been instrumental in developing the computer course and he
assisted with the arrangements with ACC.
The Faculty now has two staff members with advanced
degrees in management and a third is presently studying in
the U.S. under a self -financed program. There should be no
problem coordinating the Management Engineering efforts af-
ter Project termination.
Process Engineering: Although the Logical Framework
refers to this, as a "Food Processing" curriculum, the current
administration of the Faculty of Engineering prefers a more
general program in Process Engineering, which prepares grad-
uates to work in several industries, in addition to the food
industry. This curriculum is included in Mechanical Engin-
eering as described above. As with Management Engineering,
these arrangements will result in a more versatile graduate
and economy of teaching staff, while at the same time pro-
viding depth in the specialty area. Courses for this option
presently under development and being offered in the class-
room are Materials Processing I and II and Tool Design. It
will be possible to add Agriculture, Science, and Medicine
courses relating specifically to Food Processing when the
university credit system is implemented. Two Afghan staff
members have worked in this area with our consultant, Pro-
fessor Marvin Johnson.
-33-
Vocational Technical Education: This program,designed to train teachers for secondary level vocationalschools, has advanced significantly during the Project,
and 278 students are now enrolled. The staff has been in-creased from one full -time faculty member in 1974 to eightyoung, energetic members today. They participated with ourconsultant (Professor Harold David) in curriculum revisions(after visiting vocational high schools and reviewing thehigh school curricula), and have designed and offered severalnew courses. Office space has been made available for thestaff, and furnishings have been purchased by the University.A myriad of organizational details attendant to sudden-pro-gram expansion,have been worked out. The VTE Director ofAcademic Affairs N. M. Karyar, and the Departmental coordina-tor, G. S. Taymuree, have proved to be outstanding young
educational administrators.
This progress was made in spite of several major obstacles.As reported earlier, the VIE Department was placed in theFaculty of Engineering in 1974. In spite of strong instruc-tions from the University President to the contrary, the
Engineering Faculty initially provided only minimal supportto the Department. This problem has now been largely overcome,but the department was rocked by a new problem in March of1977 when it was required to accept almost 200 new freshmanstudents. Although sufficient resources were made availableto handle those students during their freshman year, thereare presently no firm plans to provide the resources neededas they progress through their curriculum. Also, at the time
_34-
of this writing, plans are to keep the freshman enrollment
at the 200 level, and to build the department to a total
enrolment of 565 students by 1980.
We have attempted to help solve this problem in recent
months by assisting the department in preparing a proposal
for UNDP support (August 1977). We have also encouraged
USAID to include at least minimal support for VTE in the
Technical Manpower Development (TMD) project, since the VTE
program would seem to fit the objectives of that project.
We understand that USAID and the Ministry of Higher Education
are considering a proposal to provide some support if VTE can
be moved from the Faculty of Engineering to the Afghan Insti-
tute of Technology, where it would share resources with an
engineering technician training program and the present high
school program (the latter becoming a laboratory` school for
VTE). Unless some step such as this is taken, it is imper-
ative that the present high enrollment in VTE be curtailed.
The present students should then be transferred to some other
program, such as the new construction engineering envisioned
by the TMD project. Any attempt to sustain unreasonable high
enrollment in VTE without additional resources will ruin this
vitally needed program.
b.) Improvement of Existing Curricula
Project Purpose 2c of the Logical Framework and the
job descriptions of several of our consultants provide for
improved teaching methods and curricula. Progress in these
efforts is described below.
Secondary Teacher Education: Our Educational cur-
-37-
riculum specialist (Professor G. Wayne Glidden) faced an
unusual set of circumstances at the beginning Of the Project.
Although his job description required him to work with the
Faculty of Education on curriculum and other matter, the
Faculty of Education was abolished as an administrative ent-
ity shortly before he arrived. The departments of the former
Faculty were transferred to the Faculty of Letters and Human-
ities (Language, Professional Education, History /Geography,
and Fine Arts), the Faculty of Science (Science and Mathema-
tics) and the Faculty of Engineering (Vocational Technical
Education). The Faculties of Letters and of Science were to
become primarily teacher training institutions under this
plan. s Professor Glidden's Terminal Report of June 1977 in-
cludes a thorough account of the circumstances which led to
this decision and the problems it caused, both for KU and
the Project.
In light of our experience of over three years under
this new organizational arrangement and in trying to assist
in facilitating it, it should be said that the decision has
not served the best interests of teacher education in Afghan-
istan. It created more problems than it solved and it will
be a long time before KU will be able to produce good second-
ary teachers in the numbers needed in Afghanistan.
Shortly after Project commencement, we decided, in con-
sultation with KU and the USAID Education Division, that the
services of our Educational Curriculum specialist were needed
more than ever in light of this important development. His
position was redefined to require him to assist in the reorg-
-36-
anization to the extent possible, and to focus his attention
on the Professional Education Department because of its
critical role in providing teacher training courses through-
out the University. He was, therefore, able to fulfill an
important role during a particularly critical time in the
_istory of Kabul University. Through consultation with
individuals, he was able to bring significant improvements
in courses in Educational Psychology, Foundations of Educa-
tion, Comparative Education, Curriculum Development, and
General Psychology. He assisted in designing a Professional
Educational sequence for the departmental major which was
adopted and is in effect. He worked many hours with junior
faculty members on matters of course organization and
methodology, and frequently served as a guest lecturer. He
authored numerous papers presenting alternatives concerning
the conduct of teacher education. An important paper, "A
Proposal
modified
sequence
for a New Teacher Training Sequence" was adopted in
form by the Faculty of Letters and Humanities. The
of courses was reduced from the proposed 29 credits
to 17, but it was considered an accomplishment to obtain ap-
proval for any sequence at the time.
Animal Science: Our consultant, Professor Ted H.
Doane, assisted in development of a new Animal Science Prac-
ticum. Thirty -six lessons of a teaching manual were written.
This is a laboratory course where students are required to
observe and participate in practical exercises such as cas-
tration, dehorning, sheep shearing, and the like.
The Beef Production course was developed and initially
-37-
team- taught by our consultant and an Afghan staff member.
Improvements were made in the areas of reproductive physi-
ology, breeding, and animal evaluation.
Plant Science: Our consultant, Joseph O. Young,
found the curriculum in Plant Science to be basically
sound, but was able to introduce some changes which will
emphasize practical applications. The Plant Science Depart-
ment would like to offer a master's degree and has adequate-
ly trained staff to do this. We have not encouraged the step
due to their lack of adequate laboratory and field facilities.
The Forestry Committee,
(including our consultants -
the Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry. A new Department
1977 and students, have been
consisting of faculty members
Young and Doane, and staff of
designed a new
of Forestry was
enrolled.
curriculum in
established in
The Ministry of
Agriculture is making its facilities available for presenta-
tion of the curriculum, and the Faculty has prepared a 10
acre plot of ground for use as a tree nursery or laboratcry
for the program.
c.) Technical Manpower Development Project
In 1976 the United State and Afghan Governments
decided, at a high level, to continue with USAID assistance
to the Faculty of Engineering. The GOA was particularly
interested in establishing a new Faculty of Engineering in
one of its provinces, and in expanding the enrollment of the
present Faculty, because of the higher projected needs for
graduate engineers of all disciplines in its recent Seven-
Year Development Plan.
-38-
Because of the seeming urgency at the time, the Center
for Afghanistan Studies was asked to provide two consultants
to assist in development of a Project Identification Document
(PID) for the project.
In late 1976, Professor Jack Revelle studied engineer-
ing manpower needs during a brief consultancy, and Dean
George Hanna of the Nebraska College of Engineering and Tech-
nology wrote a report which was attached to the PID. Hanna's
report suggested a project which would accomodate the ex-
panded enrollment proposed by the Seven -Year Plan, and which
would assure continued improvement in the quality of engin-
eering education in the face of the expansion. It was sug-
gested that establishment of a provincial Faculty be deferred
until later in the project, pending further verification of
its need. It was a very ambitious and expensive project,
but it enjoyed support in the GOA and in the USG for a time.
The GOA allocated Afs. 95 million (including $411,000 in
foreign exchange) to cover pre -project costs associated with
an expansion of the freshman engineering class in March 1977.
The USG provided Peace Corps volunteers on short notice to
teach freshman courses.
During the first half of 1977 the scope of the TMD pro-
ject was revised to conform to AID's current congressional
mandate, and in September and October of 1977 a three man
contract team from the Academy for Educational Development
(AED) spent seven weeks redesigning the project. As this
project has moved from the PID to Project Paper stage,
Professors Gibson and Bolyea have limited their involvement
-39-
in it to acting as resource persons for USAID and the AED
team.
The project now focuses primarily on the development
of a curriculum for construction engineers to work in rural
areas. It will assist the GOA indirectly in meeting their
Seven -Year Plan objectives, but GOA will have to provide most
of the resources for this. The project design also includes
an element for assisting the Afghan Institute of Technology
(AIT) in producing engineering technicians, and may possibly
give some help to the VTE Department in producing teachers for
the Vocational Technical High Schools of Afghanistan.
4.) Staff Development
a.) USAID Participants
The Project provided full support for overseas
academic training for forty -three KU faculty members (40
at U.S. universities, 2 in Iran). The purpose of these
scholarships, was to upgrade the qualifications of staff
members in Project- related areas.(see Project Output No. 8
of the Logical Framework).
among the Faculties was as
Distribution
follows:
of participantships
Master's Doctoral TotalLevel Level
Departments of Education 6 3 9Faculty of Agriculture 0 11 11Faculty of Engineering 12 5 17Central Administration 4 2 6
Total 22 21 43
In addition, six other Participantships who started
their programs under earlier projects have received partial
support under the Project.
-40-
All participants were nominated by KU and approved by
USAID prior to the arrival of the Nebraska Team, and many
departed before our arrival at post. Two substitutes left
in September 1975 and January 1976. To date 25 of the 43
regular Project participants have completed their training a
and returned. Of the remaining 18 still abroad, 11 are
scheduled to return before March, 1978 when the next regular
semester begins. Three have returned early without degrees
and one has emigrated to Canada without completing his pro-
gram.- One returnee was on the staff of the Afghan Institute
of Technology when he departed, and was transferred to the
VTE program, for which his training was provided. He was
subsequently appointed as superintendant of one of the Teach-
er Training institutes, and is lost to the project. One other
returned participant recently immigrated from Afghanistan
without KU authorization. All others hàve been placed in'
positions at KU equivalent to those held before departure,
in accordance with the requirements of Project Output No. 3.
We made arrangements for six Participants (three in
Agriculture, one in Engineering, and two in Education) to
carry our their graduate research in Afghanistan. Funding
for the participants' local research expenses was facilitated
by the USAID Training Office. Mr. Pier Zeray, former KU
Director General of Foreign and Cultural Affairs, was very
helpful in obtaining necessary local approvals for these un-
usual arrangements. In several cases, cooperation between
KU,and one of the Government Ministries was required. All
Participants returned to U.S. universities to complete and
defend their theses.
-41-
b.) Visiting Lecturers
The Project provided sixteen Visiting Lectureships,
of which ten were included in the Nebraska contract and six
were funded directly by USAID. These lectureships provided
one -year academic tours at U.S. universities for the pur-
poses of updating teaching and research skills. They were
generally available to KU faculty who were approximately at
the midpoint of their academic careers.
All lecturers were selected by KU and were placed at
U.S. institutions early in the Project. All but one had re-
turned by the end of the project. She was extended for a
year under UNO funding to continue teaching in the Department
of English.
Eleven lectureships were carried out on the campuses of
the University of Nebraska. Nebraska Team members have cor-
responded with UNO and UNL departments and colleagues, making
detailed arrangements to insure the success of these lecture-
ships. Departmental assignments were confirmed before each
lecturer departed, and he or she was thoroughly briefed on
what to expect at Nebraska. Travel funds were also advanced
to most lecturers. Other institutions participating in the
program are Washington State, Illinois, Cornell, and Carnegie
Tech.
All returned lecturers have reported favorable exper-
iences. Most have returned with stronger interests in re-
search and teaching, and have been placed in positions
equivalent to those before departure, in accordance with the
requirement of Project Output No. 4 of the Logical Framework.
-42-
This program has met its objectives and we consider it to
have benefited KU, the individuals, and the U.S. host
institutions.
5. Material Resources
Kabul University has always suffered a lack of materials
needed to carry out a first rate educational effort. Al-
though significant improvements were observed during 1976
and 1977, serious deficiencies still exist in textual mater-
ials, laboratory equipment and teaching aids. Students simply
do not have textbooks for many courses, although this situ-
ation is less serious in the Faculties that conduct instruc=
tion in English (Engineering and Agriculture). The Administra-
tion recognizes this fact as being the most serious impedi-
ment to quality education at KU and has addressed the matter
seriously on several occasions.
Kabul University's operating budget for the year 1356
(March 21, 1977 through 20, 1978) totaled Afs. 300 million
(approximately US$6.7 million). This represents an increase
of 20% over the previous year's budget. An additional cap-
ital development budget amounted to Afs. 369 million (US$
8.2 million).
a. USAID Commodity Funds
Orders for Project commodities were placed according to
the following allocations:
Departments of Education 25,534
Faculty of Agriculture 31,955Faculty of Engineering 44,742
Vocational Technical Education 12,767
Central Administration 5,002
TOTAL US$120,000
All orders placed were for textbooks, library support,
-43-
teaching materials, and spare parts, in accordance with the
Project ProAg. Every attempt was made by both the KU Admini-
stration and the Nebraska Team to limit purchases to materials
not available in Afghanistan. As far as we know we were suc-
cessful in this, although exceptions could exist, as the lists
submitted were very extensive.
The total value of commodities received to date is
about $110,000. The remaining commodities, although ordered
over a year ago, are still in the pipeline. They should
arrive before mid -year 1978.
b. Commodities for Faculty of Engineering Expansion
As reported above (Section 3. f. (2) (c)) the GOA
allocated $411,000 in foreign currency in order to get the
Engineering expansion underway before TMD project funds would
become available. In late 1976, USAID agreed -to assist the
GOA in procuring from the $411,000 fund, textbooks and other
urgently needed teaching equipment to support the expanded
freshman class which would arrive in March 1977. As it has
turned out, this fund is also able to provide almost all text-
books and much of the equipment for the entire expanded
program, including upper level courses which will increase
in enrollment in future years. This is fortuitous, since
the TMD project was later redesigned, and direct TMD support
of the expansion was redrawn.
Much of USAID's assistance in this procurement fell upon
Nebraska's shoulders. Our involvement, which extended
throughout most of 1977, included the following:
-- We ordered catalogs from suppliers, assisted in id-
-ÿ4-
entifying items to be purchased, and solicited proposals
from suppliers. For the latter purpose, State Department
cablegrams were addressed to an office in AID /W, which
passed the requests to suppliers. Quotations were returned
through the same office and sent to us via State Cablegrams
and letter pouch.
-- We handled correspondence between suppliers and KU
and prepared documents needed to open letters of credit be-
tween local and U.S. banks, and placed orders with suppliers
selected by KU.
-- We and USAID have assisted with forwarding arrange-
ments for air shipments and for surface shipments passing
through Pakistan.
At this time six large U.S. purchases of textbooks,
sliderules, drafting kits, and chemistry and physics labor-
atory equipment have been completed, and about $235,000 of
the fund has been expended. Requests for quotations needed
to expend the remaining $126,000 were forwarded through AID /W
in December 1977. When quotations are received in early 1978
it will be necessary for KU to complete the purchases and
shipping arrangements without our help. We trust that they
will follow through, using the banking and other procedures
that have been established.
6. Development of Institutional Ties Between Kabul
University and the University of Nebraska
The development of a long -term association between the
two universities is not specifically a part of the project,
but attempts at such are believed to have contributed
-45-
materially to the fulfillment of Project objectives. The
University of Nebraska at Omaha has a strong interest in
Afghanistan which predates the Project. The Center for Af
ghanistan Studies (CAS) was established at UNO in the early
1970's, exchange of faculty and students between KU and UNO
Geography Departments had taken place for several years,
and work was started earlier on an "Atlas of Afghanistan."
A library collection of materials on Afghanistan was started
in 1974 and now numbers over 2,000 separate titles.
Several visits of Campus administrators during the Pro-
ject have strengthened these ties and developed new cooper-
ative efforts which were described in our earlier reports.
The following will summarize and update progress on the
various activities which have led to a successful linkage
of our two universities:
-- The "National Atlas of Afghanistan" project. The for-
mer chairman of our geography department spent two years un-
der a KU -UNO institutional exchange, starting the Atlas Pro-
ject in 1973 -74. Four KU geographers have received M.S.
degrees at UNO and have returned. Dr. John Shroder, the UNO
Atlas project director, arrived in Kabul in September 1977.
He has an NSF (SEED) grant which allows him to help KU carry
out its portion of the project. UNO has contributed $10,000
to KU for this purpose. The project involves contributions
from other American and European scholars, and will probably
be completed in 1979. It has attracted the interest and sup-
port of highly placed GOA officials.
-- Faculty and Student Exchanges. With partial Fulbright-
-k6-
Hays sponsorship, primarily in the area of travel support,
we have posted three professors (one in Geography, two in
English Literature) at Kabul University for a total of four
academic years. One UNO graduate student in geography was
here for a part of'one year, and a psychology student ar-
rived in 1977. In the other direction, the following KU
staff have participated in the exchange: two senior pro-
fessors teaching in'the areas of Dari, Islamic Studies
and Geography, and three junior staff members who have ob-
tained master's,degrees in geography and language instruction.
At the beginning of the present academic year, the exchanges
had totaled four man -years in each direction. UNO's finan-
cial contributions for this program have included full salar-
ies for all professors and full scholarships for the Afghan
instructors. During the present year two additional profes-
sors and one other instructor were sent to UNO under the same
conditions.
-- Dari and Pushto Textbook Projects. In August 1977 a
KU linguistic specialist started work at UNO on the'prepara-
tion of three volumes of a Dari textbook for American students.
This work has been funded by the U.S. Department of Health,
Education and Welfare and by UNO. In January 1978 another KUscholar will arrive at UNO to start work on similar textbooks
for Pushto. These books will be used in our regular academiccourses, and in summer institutes, scheduled to start in 1979.
-- Project Afghanistan /Nebraska student exchange. Thisyear UNO is the institutional host of an undergraduate exchange
program with KU. Under the exchange 6 KU students will spend
-47-
three months in Omaha living with American families in order
to experience the culture and develop their English language
skills. Similarly six UNO students will spend three months
in Kabul with Afghan families.
-- Academic courses relating to Afghanistan. UNO has
offered courses in Dari since 1975, enrollments having to-
taled 24 students through last semester. Other courses
which have included large doses of Afghan studies have been
in the areas of geography., philosophy and religion, inter-
national studies, history, and literature.
-- Medical Education at Kabul University. At KU's re-
quest we arranged for a month -long consultancy by three med-
ical doctors from the University of Nebraska Medical Center,
during the summer of 1976. The World Health Organization
sponsored their visit. The consultancy report confirmed
earlier reports of various Afghan and foreign experts to the
effect that very serious deficiences exist in medical educa-
tion, at both the Kabul and Nangarhar campuses. It detailed
those deficiencies and recommended complete reform. After
several months of review of the report within KU, complete
agreement has been achieved. KU is now forwarding a request
through the Ministries of Higher Education and Public Health
for further Nebraska assistance in this area. Discussions
with KU and Ministry officials indicate a very high probabil-
ity of GOA approval of this request. It is anticipated that
an exchange of personnel will occur between KU and UNMC, and
that this should afford the opportunity for joint planning
(UNMC, KU, and Ministry of Public Health) of a 15 to 25 year
project. The Minister of Public Health sees no problem with
funding for the initial exchanges. Funding for the later
stages will be sought from international agencies and U.S.
foundations as the project progresses. We are optimistic
that the critical needs in this important area of education
can be met by diluent follow- through. Both the UNMC and KU
staffs are very enthusiastic about the project.
-- Two -Way Radio Hook -up Between Kabul and Omaha. We
have worked for several months now with a private donor in
Omaha developing plans for installing equipment for instant
and regular radio communication. The primary purposes of
this would be to connect the two medical Faculties, to help
in the project described above. Medical data for diagnostic
work might be transmitted to UNMC and be processed on compu-
ters. Also, the system might serve as a model for community
health services in Afghanistan. The local facilities would
probably be located in the U.S. Embassy, and would afford
communication opportunities for American residents in Kabul.
We have some assurances that what we want to achieve is tech-
nically feasible. We are in contact with the U.S. Embassy in
Kabul and the GOA Ministry of Communication, and we remain
hopeful in this matter.
-- AUB Transfer Students. In late 1976 the war in Leba-
non caused AID to cancel the programs of several students in
attendance at AUB, and those of others who were scheduled to
attend. The Center for Afghanistan Studies, on short notice,
agreed to attempt placement of thèse students on the various
campuses of the University of Nebraska. Because of lost
-149-
transcripts and late funding arrangements, the admission pro-
cess was very difficult. CAS was, however, successful in
placing 27 students in Agriculture, Education, Administration,
Ecology, Engineering, and Nursing. A special program was
worked out by the UNMC Nursing College which permitted seven
students to obtain B.S. degrees and Nursing Certificates in
a five -year period, for less than the cost of regular AID
four -year participantships. The programs are highly indivi-
dualized.
-- National Development Training Program. Since 1974
UNO has conducted a special program in Public Administration
for GOA officials, sponsored by AID under the NDTP program.
The program will end in 1978, with 45 participants having
completed their work. USAID and GOA have led us to believe
that this program has met its objectives, and is now consid-
ered quite successful.
-- Dari- English and English -Dari Collegiate Dictionary
Project. Surprisingly, such dictionaries have never been
written for the predominate language of Afghanistan. The
project has recently started, and it will extend over a five-
year period.
-- Conference on Rural Afghanistan. This AID supported
conference was arranged by the CAS and held on our campus in
September of 1976. Over 100 scholars from North America
participated, and 23 papers in the areas of anthropology,
social science, and economics were presented. Dr. Louis
Dupree has written a complete summary of the conference.
-- Book Exchanges. During the visit of former Chancellor
-50-
(now Nebraska SystemPresident)Roskens to KU in 1975, we
agreed to exchange books between the KU library and the CAS.
We have furnished about 1,200 reference books and journals
in engineering, education, geography, geology, social sciences,
and Afghanistan Studies. KU has in return sent many valuable
books concerning Afghanistan for adding to our collection.
-- Donated Commodities. In the early stages of our KU-
USAID project, our team members indicated that many needs
existed in the Faculties of Education, Agriculture, and Engin-
eering, which could not be covered by Project commodity funds.
They furnished lists to former Chancellor Roskens, who ap-
pealed to the Omaha community.. A large shipment of items such
as calculators, duplicating machines, electronic supplies,
shop equipment and the like arrived in June 1976, and was
distributed to the Faculties. Both new and used equipment
were included. We have conservatively estimated the value of
this shipment at $20,000.
-- Public Relations Activities. The Center for Afghanis-
tan Studies serves also to continuously place Afghans and
Americans in contact. We have had nearly 120 Afghans on cam-
pus over the past three years, in the various programs des-
cribed above. All of these have American host families, and
the Center follows up to assure that contacts are frequent.
Afghans are counseled individually and frequently by CAS.
Afghan dinners are hosted monthly by Dean Gouttierre in his
home. The CAS takes great care to avoid the cultural and
psychological problems which frequently arise among foreign
students.
-51-
In May and June of 1976 we arranged a tour of Afghanistan
for 31 prominent local citizens of Nebraska. This tour was
called "UNO's Nebraska Caravan." Several of the tour parti-
cipants now serve as Afghan host families. Several others
serve on Dean Gouttierre's Community Advisory Committee for
International Studies.
We have made other efforts to develop an understanding
of Afghanistan and'Afghans in the Nebraska community, through
public occasions. In August 1975, we served as hosts to KU
President Mohibbi, Afghan Ambassador Malikyar, and Ambassador
Eliot. They were feted at a gathering of community leaders,
and toured the University and important local institutions,
such as the headquarters for the Strategic Air Command. Simi-
lar events were arranged for Minister in Charge of Foreign
Affairs Waheed Abdullah (in October 1976), and for Minister
of Public Health Abdullah Omar (in May 1977). We think that
these events have greatly aided us in carrying out our project
at KU, and in fostering good relations between the two govern-
ments. We know that they have helped us in our educational
program, and in making Afghanistan our "window to the world."
It is interesting to note that this "window to the world" has
enabled UNO to develop an active International Studies pro-
gram, including an International Studies major /minor with a
"Third World" concentration.
7. Kabul Seismological Center
This center is located in the Faculty of Engineering and
included a seismograph station about 30 km distant on Kharga
Mountain. In addition to serving the purposes cited below,
-52-
the station was intended as an adjunct to the teaching and
research programs of the Faculty of Engineering.
The seismograph station, consisting primarily of an
underground vault housing seismic instruments was constructed
by USAID in 1968 on behalf of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic
Survey (later reorganized as the U.S. Geological Survey -
USGS), and granted to the Kabul University. It is capable of
detecting and recording small ground motions arising from
remote disturbances, and is considered by USGS to be one of
the best of 115 similar stations comprising their Worldwide
System (WWSSN), By correlating information from the various
stations of the WWSNN, USGS can accurately determine earth-
quake focus locations, depths and magnitudes throughout most
of the seismically active areas of the earth. WWSSN data are
made available to all interested scientists.
Maintenance and operation of the station is the res-
ponsibility of the Faculty of Engineering. When our team
arrived in September 1974, the station was having difficulties
due in part to departures of key personnel. Supplies were
not available, and data were not being sent to USGS. Both
the Dean of the Faculty and the USGS requested our help, and
USAID and CAS concurred. Professor Gibson's work plan was
written to permit participation. Our activities in re-
establishing and improving the Seismological Center included
the following:
- - Service on the Seismic Committee of the Faculty of
Engineering.
- - Administration of a fund (amounting to $2,000 an-
-53-
nually) which provides for minor maintenance and operational
needs of the station. The money is passed from USGS to CAS
and then to the Nebraska Team. At USGS's suggestion, this
fund is used also to employ a highly qualified Afghan elec-
tronic technician as a consultant for the station.
-- We have provided communication with USGS (in Albu-
querque, N.M.) primarily through the use of State Department
cablegrams and letter pouch.
-- We have received shipments of supplies and replace-
ment parts addressed through USAID, and arranged for outgoing
shipments of data and worn equipment.
-- We have arranged several visits by USGS personnel to
assist in re- establishing the station. In 1975 a USGS seis-
mologist visited for an extended period to train the staff
of the Center in data analysis techniques.
In order to promote utilization of data from the sta-
tion in building design, Professor Gibson taught a fifth
year academic course in Earthquake Engineering, in 1975.
-- We have assisted in upgrading the Seismograph station
as described below.
The upgrading project provided a new 5 x 10 meter build-
ing at the Kharga Mountain site to house new instrumentation
consisting of a backup power supply, a digital tape recording
system, visual recorders, replacements for the outmoded long -
period seismograph system, and test equipment. The new equip-
ment converts seismic data to digital form, permitting data
processing and storage by computer in the U.S. The Facility
has been operational since early 1977. Our involvement in-
-54-
cluded the following:
-- We assisted USGS in drafting a project agreement with
KU, and in obtaining KU and GOA approvals. The Agreement
provided the building, equipment, and U.S. training for four
individuals (only two people were actually trained). USGS
contributions amounted to over $100,000.
- - Professor Gibson entered into a contract with USGS
to provide the building and furnishings and sub - contracted
with an Afghan architect and Afghan building contractors.
USGS provided $20,000 to cover all expenses. Seismic station
personnel purchased incidental supplies and office equipment
with advances from this fund. The account was closed in
September 1977 after expending $19,603.59.
- - We coordinated extended visits from personnel of the
Ford -Philco Company, USGS contractors, to install the elec-
tronic equipment in the new building. We also assisted with
incoming and outgoing shipments of equipment, through USAID.
- - A Nebraska Team member, Professor Harry Myers, re-
ceived short -term training in the use and maintenance of the
equipment, and passed this training on the Seismic Station
and Faculty of Engineering personnel. This tied in with his
work in curriculum development in Electrical Engineering.
Our involvement in the affairs of the Seismological
Center has amounted to fulfilling objectives related to, but
not originally in our Higher Education Project. Much of the
work has been done outside normal working hours, and routine
matters have been handled by our administrative staff. The
Center for Afghanistan Studies has not made any additional
-55-
charges for this work, neither to AID nor to USGS.
At the time of this writing, tentative arrangements have
been made to have Dr. John F. Shroder, UNO geologist at KU
on an NSF grant, to continue our assistance for another one
to two years, or until it is no longer needed. Secretarial
support will probably be included in a pending agreement
between CAS and USGS.
8. Nebraska University Team - Operational Aspects
Nebraska Team members have functioned as independent pro-
fessionals, responsible for developing their own initiative
and solving their own problems within the guidelines established
in their job descriptions, the Project Logical Framework, and
approved work plans. In order to assure unity of purpose and
progress toward objectives, frequent team meetings were held
in which problems and approaches were discussed and compared.
The Chief of Party served as a focal point for all communi-
cations with the KU President, the Foreign and Cultural Affairs
President, USAID/Afghanistan, and the Centerfor Afghanistan
Studies.
The Nebraska Team operated from a Central Office in the
KU Administration Building and outlying offices in Education,
Agriculture, Engineering and the University Research Center.
The Central Office served as a focal point of communications,
filing, and clerical and secretarial services. The Chief of
Party as well as a local -hire Administrative Asaistant and
two U.S. -hire (contract) secretaries were officed there.
Team members were officed with counterparts in the Faculties,
and one local -hire typist was available in each of the three
-56-
major Project areas (Education, Agriculture, and Engineering).
The team had four vehicles furnished by USAID and employed
four drivers throughout most of the Project duration (the
vehicles are to be turned over to KU at Project termination).
Appendix C is a listing of all support personnel employed
during the Project.
The Local Cost Operations (Trust Fund) Budget, amount-
ing to Afs. 783,000 in FY 1977, covered salaries, local tra-
vel, and communications. It proved adequate, but not exces-
sive.
Our backstop office at the Center for Afghanistan Studies
was very supportive and helpful in many of our activities.
Although the slowness of the mail delivery system was oc-
casionally frustrating, it appears that CAS acted promptly
on all our requests. Their excellent work in coordinating
with UNO and UN -L departments in placing and arranging
Visiting Lectureship programs was particularly satisfying.
Also, judging by the correspondence we received, good rela-
tions between the CAS and the AID /W Contracting Office were
in effect throughout the project.
9. Recommendations
One hesitates to make specific recommendations which re-
sult from such a
cation Project.
and a half years
wide -ranging project as
The Nebraska Team, over
the KU Higher Edu-
the course of three
has made many recommendations, both written
and oral, some of which have proved helpful, and others
which have not. The terminal reports of our regular and
short -term consultants are replete with recommendations and
-57-
it would serve little purpose to repeat them all. The recom-
mendations listed below are those which occur to this writer
as being of major significance, and especially pertinent at
the time of this writing.
a. Recommendations for Kabul University
-- Kabul University's most pressing need is for a con-
tinuing supply of current textbooks, expendible teaching
supplies and laboratory equipment. Although this problem
has been addressed many times in the past, the current situa-
tion is not good in most Faculties. High quality university
instruction simply cannot be carried out without adequate
material support. The writer is of the opinion that this
problem will not be solved without a substantial increase in
the level of GOA funding, unless a donor willing to assist
the entire university can be identified. The latter is un-
likely, in light of KU's history. Funds should be sought to
establish a modern printing press (including translation ser-
vices), a well trained and reliable foreign procurement of-
fice, and a continuing budget for the purchase of materials.
-- Kabul University should follow up on the management
training for KU and MOHE administrators which was started by
Professor Jack A. Hill (see Section 3. c.). Adequate numbers
of KU staff members have been trained abroad to carry out a
comprehensive and continuous training program, using Hill's
report of the training he conducted in 1976. The training
in management and public or educational administration which
many individuals have received (Drs. Arif, Ebadi, Karim,
Aminullah Amin, Nayebkill, Payind, and others) can and should
-58-
be extended to others.
-- Related to the above recommendation, serious steps
should be taken to improve and modernize the administrative
environment at KU, placing emphasis on "Management by Excep-
tion" as expounded by Hill. The lack of adequate delegation
of authority has its roots in the culture, but it must and
undoubtedly will be corrected as Afghanistan moves ahead in
its development. Many governments look to their universities
for solutions to profound problems such as this. Kabul Uni-
versity could become a model for the entire government if it
could, over a period of time, modernize its administrative
machinery and decision making processes.
-- The University should push ahead toward adoption of
the credit system and departmentalisation (see Section 3. b.).
This recommendation seems almost superfluous, since there is
every indication of dedication toward this objective. The
current and immediate past KU administrations must be com-
mended for this, as the credit system is the only educational
model that makes any sense for KU.
-- KU should consider some means of improving the general
morale of rank and file teaching staff. One of the least
expensive ways of doing this is merely to improve communica-
tions with them. Often the KU administration has worked
long and hard to improve certain conditions in the University,
and the teaching staff has known nothing of their efforts.
Had they known that somebody was working on a problem, they
would have been less likely to complain about it, and more
likely to improve their own efforts in the classroom. At
-59-
UNO we have a "Weekly Communicator ", an inexpensive two or
three page paper that informs the staff of accomplishments
of the administration and of the teaching staff, announces
future plans, solicits suggestions, and the like. Other
vehicles are also used, such as campus -wide convocations.
No specific measures are suggested herein, but certainly
something can and should be done to inform everybody on a
regular basis. Generally, an uninformed staff is an unhappy
and unproductive staff.
-- The University should continue in its efforts to
obtain GOA approval of the CECSAR constitution (Section 3.
f. (1)(c)). If this is not possible, consideration should
be given to establishing CECSAR as a private corporation,
outside University control, but with a charter that insures
that the staff of the Faculty of Engineering will be allowed
to participate in the professional work. Arrangements could
then be made for the organization to rent the laboratory
facilities of the Faculty. CECSAR has come a long way in the
past few years and should not be allowed to die. There are
too many benefits to be achieved through its continuation,
including practical and relevant teaching in the Faculty and
added compensation for the staff.
-- The proposal for the Building Code of Afghanistan
should be advanced by the Faculty of Engineering and the Uni-
versity (see Section 3. f. (e)). Permission should be sought
to solicit foreign funds to sponsor this research, unless it
is possible for KURC to finance it with existing funds (see
below). This proposal is one of the most promising to be
-60-
developed in the University recently, in terms of its po-
tential impact on the development of Afghanistan.
In light of existing circumstances, the enrollment
in the Vocational Technical Education Department of the
Faculty of Engineering should be curtailed, at least until
adequate resources can be found for the expansion it has
undertaken (see Section 3. f. (2)(a)).
-- Now that the matter of the bylaws for the KU Research
Center has been cleared up, action should be taken to fund
the research proposals on file at KURC. These proposals were
put in priority order in 1976, and funds are available for a
portion of them.
-- Finally, we hope that KU will not forget that addi-
tional recommendations are available in the reports of our
regular and short-term consultants. Some of ;,those recom-
mendations have been implemented, others require time, and of
course others may prove inappropriate. The report of Pro-
fessor Lane bears heavily on matters of educational quality
and it will require years to fully implement its recommend-
ations. We can only hope that KU's institutional memory is
sufficient in this regard, and that this and other reports
will be of value in the future.
b. Recommendations for USAID
-- Further USAID advisory assistance to the KU Central
Administration is no longer warranted, except possibly in
the area of commodity procurement. The leadership in Central
Administration is strong and reasonably well organized. Pro-
gress has occurred in moving toward objectives recommended by
-61-
Indiana and Nebraska consultants. Much more needs to be
done, but consultant's reports are available to the Admin-
istration for implementation of new systems and procedures,
when KU is ready.
-- Commodity procurement remains a problem at KU, as
everywhere else in the GOA. KU cannot move toward any de-
gree of excellence without adequate textbooks and teaching
equipment, and many of these will have to come from foreign
sources. We understand that some training in procurement
may be conducted under the TMD project. It is recommended
that this training be provided for the procurement office at
the KU Central Administration, not in the Faculty of Engin-
eering. Carried out in the Central Administration, the
training will be of just as great value to the TMD Project,
and will be more lasting in its effects, since University -
wide procurement will require a more continuous effort than
procurement for only one Faculty.
-- AID's rural mandate and the recent Title XII legis-
lation may offer opportunities to involve the Faculty of
Agriculture in more significant research and extension work
in the future. We hope that the Faculty can have a meaning-
ful role in the Wheat Development and other projects. The
FA represents one of the most concentrated sources of
trained manpower at KU, having over 20 Ph.D.'s on its staff,
all trained in research. The USG has paid for most of this
training, and it should be utilized to the fullest extent
possible.
-- TMD and DRR and the recently conceived Teacher Edu-
-62-
cation project with the MOHE are all good and useful pro-
jects, in their present stages of design - at least as far
as we can see from the sidelines. As well as conforming to
AID's mandate, these projects will further contribute toward
the major objective of the KU Higher Education Project, that
is, to provide greater relevance and meaning to KU as an
agent in the development of Afghanistan. For what it is
worth, we recommend the projects go forward, and that they
receive the enthusiastic support of present and future USAID
officers in their implementation stages.
-- It is strongly recommended that AID require inten-
sive pre -assignment training in Dari for future contract
teams in Afghanistan. While some of the Nebraska Team mem-
bers learned a considerable amount of Dari, none became
fluent through the present optional program. It is a fact
of life that hard -working consultants will drop the prior-
ity on Dari lessons after their initial period of adjustment
when they become busy and involved (a good consultant work-
ing on a good project never has enough time to accomplish
everything). Too many counterparts, servants, and others
in Afghanistan speak good English and tend to discourage one
from practicing Dari - preferring to practice their own
English. On the other hand, fluency in speaking and in
reading documents in Dari would greatly enhance the effect-
iveness of any consultant. This recommendation takes on
added significance in view of USAID's recent decision to
implement "host- country" contracts.
10. Concluding Statement
-ó3-
As even the casual reader will note, this has not been
an easy project to carry out. It is wide -ranging, and its
objectives and achievements are difficult to quantify. In-
deed, this is one reason that we are told AID presently
avoids such projects - AID is ever -accountable to the U.S.
Congress for results.
We have attempted to show, in this somewhat lengthy
report, that results can be cited and set down on paper, ir-
respective of their non-quantifiable nature. We sincerely
hope that the serious reader will conclude that the project
has been successful, and that in the main, it has met its
objectives. Whether or not one agrees with the objectives,
they were approved by AID before the project was initiated,
and we have tried to carry them out to the best of our abi-
lities.
Although AID has decided to go ahead with the TMD and
DRR projects, it was with great hesitation. Many AID staff-
ers honestly believe that projects in higher education lead
no where - especially that they do not result in improving
the lives of the rural poor. We happen to think otherwise,
or we could not have faced ourselves in the mirror over the
past three and a half years. Afghanistan is rural - even
Kabul is rural, as one can see by walking its streets.
Kabul is one of the few capital cities in the world without
traffic congestion. Few people living here fare any better
than people in the provinces. Kandahar, Afghanistan's
second largest city, is no modern metropolis. This rural
society is on the make, but they need help. A large part
-6u-
of that help will come from Kabul University graduates,
including agriculturists, teachers, engineers, medical doc-
tors, economists, and other educated workers.
Progress may seem slow at Kabul University to us im-
patient Americans, but our assistance has achieved results,
not only in this project, but especially when viewed over
the past 10 to 20 years. One has only to read the reports
of the early advisors from the Wyoming, TCCU, USET, and
Indiana teams to see that real progress has occurred.
It has been a challenge and a Pleasure to work in
Afghanistan on this project. Our team members have devel-
oped countless warm and enduring friendships with Afghans
and others. We have found our Afghan friends to be remark-
ably similar to Americans in their varied personalities, and
even their senses of humor. We also have found true intel-
lect on this campus. Some individuals could hold their
own on any university Faculty in the world.
Our associations with the U.S. bureaucracy and the Amer-
ican and other foreign communities have also been most en-
joyable. It has been very enlightening to us midwesterners
(and taxpayers) to see how Americans live and work overseas.
Our complaints and criticisms are few.
11. Acknowledgements
Many individuals have facilitated our project and con-
tributed greatly to any success it may be judged to have
achieved. On the Afghan side, former KU President (now -
Minister of Higher Education) Dr. G. S. Mohibbi set the
stage early in the Project for harmonious working relations
-65-
Without his openness and whole- hearted cooperation, the
Project would have never really gotten underway.
Engineer Pier M. Zeray, President of the MOHE Depart-
ment of Foreign and Cultural Affairs has been a real asset
to the Project. Others to whom we shall always be indebted
are KU President Azimi, Deans Shah, Hashem, and Baha, Assis-
tant Dean Samin, KURC Director Rahimi, and Professors Ziayee,
Saleem, Azam Gul and Aminullah Amin. They were key figures
who welcomed our presence and worked hard toward toward the
success of the project. Of course, there are many others
that contributed greatly, but to attempt to name them all
would fill several pages. Suffice it to say, all of the
members of the Nebraska Team sincerely appreciate the help
given by their numerous counterparts and associates.
On the American side, first and foremost in our thanks
is Dr. Anthony Lanza, who as USAID Education Division Chief
supervised our Project throughout most of its existence. He
proved to be a dedicated development specialist, and an in-
spirational leader. Many thanks are due also to Ambassador
Eliot, USAID Director Brown and Assistant and Acting Direc-
tor Sligh. These gentlemen focused their attention on the
Project frequently, and were always helpful. There are many
others in the staff offices of USAID and the American Embassy
who were helpful. A listing of all of them would be quite
long.
Thanks are due to present USAID Director Charles Grader
and Education Division Chief Dr. Stanley Handleman, who ar-
rived at post during the summer months of 1977 and found
-Ób-
that they had inherited an old project about to terminate.
Although they have expressed doubts about the nature of the
project (vis -a -vis AID's mandate) they have shown an inter-
est in KU and in helping out in the educational sector.
They have facilitated the orderly phasing out of the project.
UNO Chancellors Ronald Roskens and Herbert Garfinkel
contributed during their visits to Kabul University by caus-
ing KU and MOHE officials to focus on the Project and its
objectives. They also accomplished much toward building a
lasting relationship between our Universities.
Tom Gouttierre, UNO Dean of International Studies was
a key person throughout the Project. His enthusiasm for Af-
ghanistan is unbounded, and his intimate knowledge of the
country and of literally hundreds of key Afghans were un-
ique assets. He was backed up by good people in the Center
for Afghanistan Studies, including Ron Bifaro and Davdd
Champagne.
The Nebraska Team members and their families proved to
be an exceptional group of people. Each individual brought
expertise and dedication to his assignment. We were especi-
ally fortunate in being able to form a cohesive group of
compatable personalities. Although many frustrations were
encountered in living and working in an environment quite
different than out home campuses, everybody helped one an-
other, and virtually no conflicts developed. Each left a
lasting contribution, and benefitted personally from his or
her experience. The writer and his family are quite proud
to have been associated with this group.
-67-
Last, but not least, is Mohammad Nazir, who served
as Administrative Assistant to the Nebraska Team from its
day of arrival until final departure. Hard working, com-
petent, honest, and patient. What else can be said? We
will miss him and wish him every success in the future.
Appendix A
Logical FrameworkProject 306 11 669 121
Appendix A
Titl
e of
Pro
ject
:H
ighe
r E
duca
tion
-- K
abul
Uni
vers
ity 3
06 -
11- 6
60 -
121.
NA
RR
AT
IVE
SU
MM
AR
Y
LO
GIC
AL
F11
AM
Obl
igat
ion
Span
Exp
endi
ture
013.
1 E
CT
IV E
LY
V F
ri I
F IA
B L
E I
ND
ICA
TO
RS
Prog
ram
or
Sect
or G
oal:
Mak
e A
fgha
n hi
gher
edu
catio
n re
leva
ntto
tníd
pow
er n
eeds
of
soci
al a
nd e
cono
mic
deve
lopt
nent
by
1977
.
Proj
ect P
urpo
se:
1.In
trod
uce
live
new
cur
ricu
la.
2.E
stab
lish
com
pete
nce
In a
pplie
dres
eard
i
a.A
nim
al p
rodu
ctio
n.St
ock
Impr
ovem
ent,
fatte
ning
fin
ishi
ng.
Pack
ing
plan
t ope
ratio
n an
dm
arke
ting.
Mea
sure
s of
Goa
l Ach
ieve
men
t:
Prom
FY
197
3 to
FY
197
6Fr
o -n
FY
197
4 to
FY
197
8
ME
AN
S O
F V
F3tP
Fl..A
TIO
N
1.A
chie
vem
ent o
f Fo
urth
5 -
year
Pla
n ob
ject
ives
in h
ighe
red
ucat
ion.
2.R
estr
uctu
red
KII
mal
ricu
lati-
onlic
iea
to r
efle
ctna
tiona
l 197
7 re
quir
emen
ts f
or d
evel
opm
ents
.rt
npow
er:
Col
lege
s4t
h Pl
anT
otal
Agr
icul
ture
1120
15.6
Let
ters
980
13.6
Edu
catio
n.8
8012
.2Sc
ienc
e88
012
.2M
edic
al73
110
.2Po
lyte
chni
cs68
39.
5L
aw59
58.
3E
ngin
eeri
ng45
56.
3E
cono
mic
s40
05.
6T
heol
ogy
320
4.4
Phar
mac
olog
y15
02.
1T
otal
7194
1110
3.H
igh
utili
zatio
n of
gra
duat
es, p
artic
ular
lyin
dev
elop
-m
ent-
Im
pact
fie
lds.
4.Pu
blis
hed
KIJ
dev
elop
men
t pla
n.
5.N
ew c
urri
cula
at c
ritic
al F
acul
ties
of A
gric
ultu
re,
Eng
inee
ring
, Edu
catio
n.
G.-
Impr
oved
com
pete
nce
in a
pplie
dre
sear
ch.
7.U
sefu
l Uni
vers
ity R
esea
rch
Cen
ter
(MC
).
S.M
anag
emen
t of
univ
ersi
ty s
yste
m.
End
of
proj
ect s
tatu
s.
1.C
urri
cula
in p
ower
eng
inee
ring
,ag
ricu
ltura
l mec
hani
cs,
food
pro
cess
ing.
voc
atio
nal t
each
ertr
aini
ng, e
ngin
eeri
ngm
anag
emen
t.
2. K
U R
esea
rch
Cen
ter
(USC
)co
mpe
tenc
e:a.
Man
ned
by tr
aine
d di
rect
or. 8
-man
sta
ll.b.
Bud
get a
dequ
ate
to s
uppo
rt C
ente
rov
erhe
ad a
nd 1
60gr
ants
: at l
east
Afs
100
,000
, USS
4000
per
yea
r.c.
Cap
abili
ty I
n pm
chas
ing,
bud
getti
ng.
d.C
apab
ility
to id
entif
y pr
ojec
ts. i
nitia
tego
od a
pplie
dre
sear
ch. e
stab
lish
rele
vanc
y to
rura
l dev
elop
men
t.e.
Incr
ease
d G
OA
rel
ianc
e on
aca
dem
icre
sear
ch.
a.U
nive
rsity
Far
m m
anne
d by
ful
l-tim
edi
rect
or a
nd 2
-m
anst
aff,
sup
port
ed b
y ad
equa
te b
udge
tpr
ovis
ions
. Res
earc
hfi
ndin
gs a
pplic
able
to p
ublic
/pri
vate
sect
ors.
1.Fi
fth
5 -y
ear
Plan
ana
lysi
s of
Fou
rth
5 -ye
arPl
an p
erfo
rman
ce.
2.K
Ure
cord
s.
3.M
anpo
wer
util
izat
ion
stud
ies
on p
lace
men
tof
gra
duat
es.
4.O
bscr
vattu
n.
5.Pr
ogra
ms
In a
gric
ultu
ral m
echa
nics
,fo
odpr
oces
sing
. pow
er e
ngin
eeri
ng. e
ngin
eeri
ngm
gmt,
voca
tiona
l tea
cher
trai
ning
.et
c.
6.R
esea
rch
capa
bilit
y In
live
stoc
k,el
ectr
icpo
wer
, tea
cher
fra
min
g. e
tc.
7.I.
Inka
ges
With
GO
A. p
riva
tese
ctor
.
8.C
ost.b
enef
it: f
acul
ty-
stud
ent,
libra
ry-
stud
ent.
cost
- s
tude
nt r
atio
s.
I/I.
KU
cat
alog
ue,
Proj
ect S
taff
ana
lysi
s of
cou
rse
of s
tudy
, ins
truc
tiona
l pro
gram
s.
2.Pr
ojec
t Sta
ff a
naly
sis.
a.C
ount
.Q
ualif
icat
ions
.b.
Proj
ect
Staf
f ob
serv
atio
n.K
U b
udge
t.
e.Pr
ojec
t Sta
ll O
bser
vatio
n.d.
Publ
ishe
d re
sear
ch r
epor
ts.
e. C
OA
con
trac
ts, j
ot,s
with
KU
.
a.St
all q
ualif
icat
ions
, com
pari
son
of b
udge
ts,
publ
ishe
d re
sear
ch r
epor
ts.
1/Pr
ojec
t Stif
f: K
U, M
AID
. con
trac
tor
(lin
tvee
sty
Neb
rask
a)
Sept
emhe
r 15
, 197
4IM
POP
TA
NT
ASS
UM
PTIO
NS
P. G
OA
com
mitm
ent t
o K
U d
evel
opm
ent
as o
ne p
rinc
iple
uni
vers
ity f
or m
eetin
gna
tiona
l dev
elop
men
t nee
ds.
2.G
OA
res
pons
iven
ess
/fle
xibi
lity
to m
eet
cMm
ging
dev
elop
med
al r
equi
rem
ents
.
3.N
o st
rike
s or
oth
er s
tude
nt u
nres
tdu
ring
lite
of p
roje
ct.
4.A
dequ
ate
GO
A b
udge
tary
pro
visi
ons
for
high
er e
duca
tion
subs
ecto
r.
5.G
OA
mai
ntai
ns n
atio
nal m
anpo
wer
prio
ri-
ties
for
rura
l dev
elop
men
t thr
ough
197
7.
6.G
OA
per
sonn
el p
olic
ies
faci
litat
em
obili
za-
tion
of b
est a
ppro
pria
te e
duca
ted
peop
leto
war
d ru
ral d
evel
opm
ent o
bjec
tives
.
1.D
onor
, CO
A r
esea
rch
prio
ritie
sco
ntin
ue.
Proj
ects
in li
vest
ock,
pow
er, s
econ
dary
educ
atio
n co
ntin
ue.
2.11
11C
, MA
I, F
acul
ty o
f A
gric
ultu
reco
lla-
bora
tlon.
3.11
RC
, MA
I, F
acul
tyof
Eng
inee
ring
col
la-
bora
tion
with
CE
CSA
R.
4.M
C, M
inis
try
of E
duca
tion,
Dep
artm
ent
of E
duca
tion
colla
bora
tion.
5.G
OA
mai
ntai
ns U
RC
man
date
to u
nder
-
take
gov
ernm
enta
l and
pri
vate
sect
or r
esea
rch.
__Logical .Er.an>a.wtlrk_- Project _3a6-11-6La-121- September 15, 1974
NA
RR
AT
R'E
SU
MM
AR
YO
BJE
CT
IVE
LYki
llt I.
4RLE
IND
ICA
TO
RS
b.E
lect
ric p
ower
indu
stry
(co
nsul
ting
proj
ects
of A
RM
and
Min
istr
y of
Min
esan
d In
dust
rvl.
c.S
econ
dary
teac
her
trai
ning
at K
UD
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion.
3.R
emov
e co
nstr
aint
s to
link
ages
betw
een
UR
C a
nd p
ublic
.'pr
i ate
sec
tors
.
4.In
stitu
tiona
lize
adm
inis
trat
ive
orga
nisa
-lio
n an
d su
ppor
t of F
acul
ties
of A
gric
ultu
re,
Eng
inee
ring,
Edu
catio
n.
,.P
repa
re lo
ng -
rang
e K
U d
evel
opm
ent p
lan.
6.U
pgra
de s
taff
of F
acul
ties
of A
gric
ultu
re,
Eng
inee
ring,
and
Edu
catio
n.
Out
puts
:
1.N
ew c
urric
ula.
2.E
xpan
ded
orga
niza
tion
and
capa
bilit
yof
app
lied
rese
arch
.
3.R
etur
ned
part
icip
ants
pla
ced
in p
osi-
tions
at l
east
equ
ival
ent I
n re
spon
sibi
lity
to th
ose
held
upo
n de
part
ure
for
trai
ning
.
4.R
etur
ned
visi
ting
lect
urer
s pl
aced
inpo
sitio
ns a
t lea
st e
quiv
alen
t in
resp
onsi
-bi
lity
to th
ose
held
upo
n de
part
ure
for
treb
ling.
S.
Efff
clen
tly m
anag
ed F
acul
ties
of A
kri-
cultu
re, E
ngin
eerin
g, E
duca
tion.
6.P
rodu
ctiv
e U
RC
ser
ving
GO
A, p
rivat
ese
ctor
res
earc
h re
quire
men
ts.
7.C
olle
ctio
n, a
naly
sis
of K
U p
lann
ing
data
. Rec
omm
enda
tions
for
its u
se in
long
-ra
nge
KU
Dev
elop
men
t Pla
n.
6.T
rain
ed F
acul
ties
of A
gric
ultu
re, E
g1-
neer
ing,
Edu
catio
n.
b.C
EC
SA
R fu
lR -
sta
ffed
and
budg
eted
tosu
ppor
t 15
gran
ts to
npr
ivat
e/pu
blic
sec
tors
. cap
able
of a
pplie
d en
gine
erin
greseerrF
Res
earc
h fin
ding
s ap
plic
able
to p
ublic
'priv
ate
sect
ors.
c.Im
prov
ed te
achi
ng m
etho
ds a
nd r
urrt
euhn
n, s
tren
gthe
ned
inte
grat
ion
of c
onte
nt a
nd p
rofe
ssio
nal e
duca
tion
coar
sen.
3.aP
erin
dic
mee
tings
bet
wee
n 1T
RC
am
i min
istr
ies,
bet
wee
nIIR
C a
nd p
rivat
e se
ctor
b.In
crea
sing
num
ber
of l'
RC
res
earc
h jo
bs ,:
1 in
crea
sing
valu
e w
ith C
OA
, with
priv
ate
sect
or.
e. N
ew c
ontr
acts
, num
ber
and
rele
vanc
e
4.3
facu
lties
bet
ter
e> e
cnttn
s, d
evel
opm
ent r
elat
ed fu
n,, l
ions
5.P
ublis
hed
KC
Dcv
elop
rnen
t Pla
n.
6.N
o. s
tall
hold
ing
Tot
al s
taff
degr
ees
by 1
977
leve
l by
19:7
Eil
. D.
M.A
.ru
e A
grfg
dtur
e1P
232
Fac
Eng
inee
r10
3350
KU
Dep
t Noe
1044
90M
gmt H
uppo
rt3
843
Maa
ttude
of O
utpu
ts:
1.F
ive:
Agr
icul
tura
l mec
hani
csfo
od p
rece
ssia
k, p
ew-e
sen
gine
erin
g, e
ngin
eerin
g m
anag
emen
t. vo
catio
nal t
each
ertr
aini
ng.
2.N
ew r
esea
rch
proj
ects
in, a
t lea
st, l
ives
tock
, ele
ctric
pow
er, t
each
er tr
aini
ng.
M F
A F
45 O
F V
ER
IFIC
AT
ION
h.S
taff
qual
ifica
tions
, com
paris
on o
f bud
gets
,pu
blis
hed
rese
arch
rep
orts
.
c.P
roje
ct S
tall
anal
ysis
.fie
s 2
shov
e.
3.I l
iC r
ecor
de.
4.S
tall
part
ictp
atóm
in M
idge
t pre
para
tion.
Iludg
l
Hem
s ju
stifi
ed. r
elat
ed to
nee
ds.
Mai
nten
ons
e an
dus
e of
com
preh
ensi
ve s
tude
nt r
etor
ds.
l'ueu
mem
te
Tra
ined
sta
ff.
.a
Pr
fiste
d P
lan.
6. K
U r
ecor
ds.
1F
:1t a
tain
g:le
.hl
', M
AID
rec
ords
Con
tito
rre
port
s.O
n si
te in
spee
llons
,
2.C
ontr
acto
r re
pots
.K
1', M
AID
rec
orde
.O
n si
te in
spec
tion.
3.43
In F
acul
ties
of A
gric
ultu
re, F
Tgi
neer
ing
and
Ed'
u,a-
3.T
rain
ing
Offi
ce r
ecor
dstin
s, a
nd K
U a
dmin
istr
atio
n.K
C r
ecor
ds.
4.15
M F
acul
ties
of A
gric
ultu
re. E
ngin
eerin
g an
d E
hhes
tion.
4v
"rec
ords
5.W
ell-
orga
nize
d an
d -a
dmin
iste
red
Fac
ultie
s of
Ata
* fr
oltu
re,
Eng
inee
ring,
Edu
catio
n.5.
Con
trac
tor
repo
rts.
(bu
-site
insp
ectio
ns.
Pro
ject
sta
ff ev
alua
tion.
6.19
77 in
crea
se in
col
labo
ratio
n, r
esea
rch
jobs
, con
_rar
le.
F.
Con
trac
tor
repo
rta
Pro
ject
sta
ff ev
alua
tion.
etc.
, ev
er 1
974
leve
l.
7.W
ritte
n re
p.ci
s et
sho
rt-t
erm
pro
fess
ore.
S.
New
deg
ree
-hol
ders
197
5 -7
7:P
EI.
D.
M. A
.F
acul
ty A
gric
ultu
reF
acul
ty E
ngin
eerin
gD
ept E
duca
tion
Man
agem
ent/S
uppo
rt
Tot
al
7io
7 3
28
e 5
26
7. 8.K
U r
ecor
ds.
rapt
es o
f rep
orte
.
"aie.2
IMI'O
SI T
AN
T A
S.U
MP
TIO
P
6.K
U r
ecei
ves
adeq
uate
man
agem
ent t
rain
-in
g gr
ants
.
7.M
itt s
uppo
rt fo
r K
r P
lann
ing
Com
mitt
eees
tabl
ishe
d Ja
nuar
y 19
73.
8.K
li ad
min
istr
atio
n re
ques
ts a
sets
tanc
e of
U.S
. con
trac
tor
with
KU
Dev
elop
men
t Pla
n.
,C
onsi
sten
cy o
f MO
E p
olie
s re
pla
cem
ent
al r
etur
ned
univ
erle
ty p
artic
ipan
ts in
acco
rdan
ce w
ith d
evel
opm
ent p
riorit
ies.
2K
U ja
i sca
les,
ben
efits
. inc
entiv
es a
read
equa
te to
attr
act q
ualif
ied
staf
f, e.
g.re
turn
ed p
artic
ipan
ts, l
ectu
rers
.
3.A
If).W
,II.
S. u
nher
sitle
s, U
. S. I
rnm
lpra
-lio
n S
ervi
ce d
eny
part
icip
ant/l
ectu
rer
exte
n-si
ons
disr
uptiv
e of
sch
ednl
ed tr
aine
e oi
tliz
atlo
n.
4.K
U th
aws
upon
pla
nnin
g ex
pert
lee
ofll.
Sco
ntra
ctor
.
5.G
OA
doe
s nM
reo
rgan
ize
KU
to m
anne
rdi
srup
tive
of c
urre
nt a
gree
men
t bef
ore
1977
Loeical Framework - P o
NA
RR
AT
IVE
S U
MM
AR
Y
-11-660-121 - September 15,_1974
Pane 3
OB
JEC
TIV
EL
Y V
ER
IFIA
BL
E I
ND
ICA
TO
IRS
ME
AN
S O
F V
ER
IFIC
AT
ION
Inpu
ts:
Impl
emen
tatio
n T
arge
t:
U.S
AID
Inp
ut.
$3,0
84,0
00.
Con
trac
t with
Uni
vers
ity o
f N
ebra
ska.
Thr
ee-y
ear
cont
ract
$1,
830,
000.
E. U
nive
rsity
adm
inis
trat
ion
and
1.M
M p
er y
ear
facu
lty te
chni
cal a
sent
ienc
e in
edu
catio
n,FY
74
-75
tota
l $1,
200,
000
144
engi
neer
ing
man
agem
ent,
agri
cultu
ral/
9 pr
ofes
sors
108
civi
l eng
inee
ring
, ele
ctri
cal e
ngin
eeri
ng,
2lo
cal U
S se
cret
arie
s24
anim
al s
cien
ce a
nd a
gric
ultu
re r
esea
rch
S-T
con
sulta
nts
12m
etho
dolo
gy, p
lant
sci
ence
con
serv
atio
n,FY
76
tota
l $54
0.00
011
4te
ache
r ed
ucat
ion
curr
icul
um, v
ocat
iona
l9
prof
esso
rs78
teac
her
trai
ning
.T
wel
ve -
mon
th2
loca
l US
secr
etar
ies
24es
timat
es:
Tot
al$
617.
000
S -T
con
sulta
nts
12N
ine
advi
sors
$ 47
2,00
0C
onsu
ltant
s50
,000
Loc
al U
.S. s
ecre
tari
es10
,000
Vis
iting
Afg
han
lect
ures
hips
50,0
00H
ome
offi
ce o
verh
ead
35,0
00
2.V
laltm
g A
fgha
n le
ctur
ers
to U
.S.
2.T
en (
5 in
FY
73,
.5 in
FY
761
$100
,000
.
Con
trac
t adv
isor
y se
rvic
es.
Four
teen
MM
(D
r. M
iller
) $5
7,00
0 FY
73
-74.
Vis
iting
Afg
han
lect
urer
s to
IL
S. -
- di
rect
.Si
x (2
in F
Y 7
3, 4
in F
Y 7
4) $
42,0
00.
Mas
ters
and
Doc
tora
te tr
aini
ng a
broa
d fo
r)o
nfor
fac
ulty
of
Agr
icul
ture
, Eng
inee
ring
,an
d E
duca
tion
acco
rdin
g to
Tra
inin
g an
dSt
aff
Dev
elop
men
t Pla
ns.
43 n
ew p
artic
ipan
ts tr
aini
ng f
or 1
10 m
an-
year
s.$1
,023
,000
1973
-76
.
New
ale
rta
No.
MM
Cou
ntry
FY 7
321
252
U.B
.$
175,
000
FY74
2024
0U
.B.
208,
000
224
Iran
8,00
0E
xten
sion
sFY
74
1516
4U
.B.,
Pak
129,
000
FY 7
531
366
U.S
., Ir
an28
2,00
0FY
7623
276
U.B
.22
1,00
0
Prov
isio
n of
text
book
s, li
brar
y su
ppor
t,$1
20,0
00 (
FY 7
3 $6
5,00
0, F
Y 7
5 $5
5,00
0).
teac
hing
mat
eria
ls, s
pate
par
ta f
or U
.S.
equi
pped
labo
rato
ries
.
hivf
tatio
nal t
rave
l.$1
2,00
0.
Tru
st F
unds
for
U.S
. con
trac
tor
supp
ort
Rou
sing
, fur
nish
ings
, mai
nten
ance
. util
i-$1
27,0
00 (
FY 7
5 $5
3,00
0, F
Y 7
6 $7
4,00
0).
ties,
etc
.
Peac
e C
orps
hip
ut
Adv
isor
s In
Fac
ulty
of
Eng
inee
ring
.Fo
ur a
dvis
ors.
ISA
ID r
ecor
ds.
ISA
ID, c
ontr
acto
r, K
U r
ecor
ds.
Tra
inin
g O
ffic
e, c
ontr
acto
r, K
II r
ecor
ds.
USA
D)
reco
rds.
Tra
inin
g O
ffic
e re
cord
s.
Tra
inin
g O
ffic
e, c
ontr
acto
r, K
U r
ecor
ds.
(SA
ID, K
U r
ecor
ds.
Tra
inin
g O
ffic
e, K
U r
ecor
ds.
[SA
ID, c
ontr
acto
r re
cord
s.
Peac
e C
orps
, KU
rec
ords
.
IMPO
RT
AN
T A
SSU
MPT
ION
S
Logical Framework
- Project 306 -11 -660 -121 - September 15._19Z(
NA
RR
AT
IVE
S U
MM
AR
YO
BJE
CT
IVE
LY
VE
RIF
IAB
LE
IN
DIC
AT
QtiI
ME
AN
S O
F V
ER
IFIC
AT
ION
Page 4
IMPO
RT
AN
T A
SSU
MPT
ION
S
CO
A I
nput
s
Cou
nter
part
s (u
nive
rsity
adm
inis
trat
ors,
teac
hing
sta
ff, e
tc.)
to U
.S. p
rofe
ssor
s.
Can
dida
tes
for
over
seas
trai
ning
.
Can
dida
tes
for
visi
ting
lect
urer
pro
gram
s.
Mai
ntai
ning
par
ticip
ants
' and
lect
urer
s'po
sitio
ns u
ntil
retu
rn.
Tra
inin
g of
tech
nici
ans
to m
aint
ain
proj
ect e
quip
men
t.
Off
ice
spac
e fo
r U
.S. p
rofe
ssor
s an
d co
unte
r-pa
rts.
Bas
ic e
quip
men
t and
sup
plie
s fo
r U
.S.
prof
esso
rs a
nd c
ount
erpa
rts.
Adm
inis
trat
ive
supp
ort f
or U
.S. p
rofe
ssor
san
d th
eir
proj
ect a
ctiv
ities
.
Ess
entia
l com
mod
ities
far
Fac
ultie
s of
Agr
i-cu
lture
, Eng
inee
ring
, and
Edu
catio
n an
dfo
r U
nive
rsity
man
agem
ent s
uppo
rt.
FRO
inpu
t
Adv
isor
s to
Fac
ulty
of
Scie
nce
and
Let
ters
(Edu
catio
n D
epar
tmen
t).
Tw
o or
thre
e co
unte
rpar
ts f
or e
ach
of n
ine
advi
sors
.
19 c
andi
date
s.
Fift
een
cand
idat
es.
58 p
ositi
ons.
Facu
lties
of
Agr
icul
ture
, Fhg
lnee
ring
, and
Edu
catio
ntr
aini
ng p
rogr
ams
in u
pkoe
pof
1B -
proc
ured
equ
ipm
ent
and
supp
lies.
Nin
e of
fice
s, e
ach
shar
ed b
y U
.S. a
dvis
or a
nd c
ount
er -
part
(e).
Ref
eren
ce b
ooks
, lab
orat
ory
equi
pmen
t, pa
per,
dup
lice-
mg
equi
pmen
t.-
Shar
ed c
leri
cal s
uppo
rt, e
.g. ,
typi
st,.
Fore
ign
curr
ency
allo
catio
n of
912
0,00
0.
Obs
erva
tion.
Con
trac
tor,
KU
rec
ords
.
Tra
inin
g O
ffic
e re
cord
s.
Tra
inin
g O
ffic
e re
cord
s.
KU
rec
ords
.O
bser
vatio
n of
ret
urne
d pa
rtic
ipan
ts'
and
lect
urer
s' p
lace
men
t.
Obs
erva
tion:
Facu
lties
' per
iodi
c su
rvey
s of
util
iza-
tion
and
repa
ir o
f L
B-
proc
ured
equ
ipm
ent a
ndsu
pplie
s.
KU
rec
ords
.O
bser
vatio
n.
KU
, con
trac
tor
reco
rds.
Inte
rvie
w c
ontr
acto
r.O
bser
vatio
n.
KU
rec
ords
.
Ger
man
Em
bass
y. K
U r
ecor
ds.
__nendi r B
__ =s_raska Team Personnel
*
APPENDIX B - SUMMARY OF NEBRASKA TEAM PERSONNEL
Name
Position
Academic Rank
Date of
Date of
Arrival
Departure
Long -Term Consultants
At Post
from Contract
Gibson, Richard E.
CECSAR Consultant
and Chief of Party
Professor
16 Sep 74
31 Dec 77
Glidden, G. Wayne
Educational Curric-
ulum Specialist and
Assistant Chief of
Party
Professor
16 Sep 7)1
31 May 77
Cross, Otis E.
Agricultural -Civil
Engineer
Associate Professor
16 Sep 74
15 Sep 76
Boardman, Gerald R.
Educational Research
Specialist
Associate Professor
3 Feb 75
2 Feb 77
Davis, Harold L.
Vocational Technical.
Education Specialist
Professor
3 Feb 75
2 Feb 77
Doane, Ted H.
Animal Scientist
Professor
3 Feb 75
2 Feb 77
Young, Joseph O.
Plant Scientist
Professor
3 Feb 75
31 May 77
Johnson, Marvin M.
Management Engineer
Professor
3 Feb 75
30 Jun 76
Bolyea, Norman F.
Management Engineer
and CECSAR Consultant
Associate Professor
20 Sep 76
31 Dec 77
Myers, Harry J.
Electrical (Power)
Engineer
Associate Professor
3 Feb 75
24 Feb 77
*Replaced Johnson who departed early due to
illness.
APPENDIX B - SUMMARY OF NEBRASKA
TEAM PERSONNEL
Name
Position
Academic Rank
Date of
Date of
Arrival
Departure
Short -Term Consultants
at Post
from Contract
Muse, William V.
Business Affairs
Dean and
Consultant
Professor
8 Jul 75
1 Sep 75
Neild, R. E.
Agricultural Cli-
matology Consultant
Professor
31 May 76
12 Jul 76
Hayes, Dale K.
Institutional Re-
search Consultant
Professor
8 Jul 76
5 Aug 76
Lane, Richard
Quality of Programs
Consultant
Professor
12 Jul 76
11 Aug 76
* Haven Guy T.
Medical Consultant
Professor and
Assistant Dean
2 Aug 76
1 Sep 76
* Young, Paul
Medical Consultant
Professor
2 Aug 76
3 Sep 76
* Rigby, Perry
Medical Consultant
Professor and
Dean
30 Aug 76
6 Sep 76
Revelle, Jack B.
Manpower Analysis
Consultant
Professor
20 Sep 76
15 Oct 76
Hanna, George
Engineering Education
Dean and
Consultant
Professor
4 Nov 76
19 Nov 76
Hill, Robert H.
Feed Analysis
Consultant
Professor
27 Apr 77
1 Jun 77
Brickell, John
Baseline Study
Consultant
Associate Professor
23 May 77
1 Jul 77
Dennehy, Bart
Construction Manage-
ment Consultant
Professor
30 May 77
19 Aug 77
*Funded by the World Health
Organization.
Appendix C
Summary of Support Personnel
SUMMARY OF SUPPORT PERSONNEL
I. Local Employees
NAME TITLE EMPLOYMENT TERMINATIONDATE DATE
Mohammad Nazir Admin Asst 16 Sep 74 31 Dec 77
Farida Haq Secy 9 Nov 74 15 Apr 77
Sharifa Arif Secy 5 Nov 74 15 Dec 76
Mahjuba Morid Secy 2 Nov 74 5 Jun 75
Nasreen Kazimi Secy 1 Jun 75 30 Jun 76
Pam Alam Secy 11 Dec 76 19 Jun 77
Lal Mohammad Secy 20 Jul 76 31 Jul 77
Sandra Kakar Secy 4 Sep 76 31 Jan 77
Suruya Sadeed Secy 1 Jul 76 24 Oct 77
Madeline Nassiry Secy 24 Jul 77 15 Sep 77
Habiba Samadi Secy 28 Aug 77 31 Dec 77
Mahjuba Morid Secy 29 Oct 77 5 Dec 77
Habib Ghulam Driver 1 Nov 74' 1 Sep 76
Mohammad Sharief Driver 12 Oct 74 3 Dec 77
Hajatullah Driver 1 Jul 75 31 May 77
Haji Rozi Driver 5 Apr 75 13 Apr 76
Mohammad Anwar Driver 15 May 76 10 Jun 77
Murad Ali Driver 4 Oct 76 31 Dec 77
SUMMARY OF SUPPORT PERSONNEL
II. American Hire Employees
NAME TITLE EMPLOYMENT TERMINATIONDATE DATE
Margaret M. Nelson Secy 5 Oct 74 10 Jun 76
Nasreen Beck Secy 14 Jun 75 26 Aug 76
Bridget O'Connor Secy 17 Mar 76 12 Jun 76
Carol S. Garber Secy 15 May 76 3 Jun 77
Nati Mendenhall 'Secy 8 Feb 75 22 Sep 77
Madeline Nassiry Secy 16 Sep 77 31 Dec 77