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NOVEL FIBER OPTIC SENSING ARCHITECTURES BASED ON SENSITIVE
NANOFILMS
Ignacio R. Matias, , Francisco J. Francisco J. ArreguiArregui and Richard O. Clausand Richard O. [email protected] [email protected]
Public University of NavarrePamplona; SPAIN
Nanosonic, IncBlacksburg; VA; USA
www.nanosonic.comwww.unavarra.es
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
SummaryIntroduction to the fiber optic sensor marketNanotechnology and fiber optic sensors?The Electrostatic Self-Assembled Monolayer MethodPossible sensing architectures based on nano-films
Tapered ends Tapered optical fibers Hollow core fibersLong period gratingsOptical fiber gratingsNanoFabry-Perot Cavities
Conclusions
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
SummaryIntroduction to the fiber optic sensor marketNanotechnology and fiber optic sensors?The Electrostatic Self-Assembled Monolayer MethodPossible sensing architectures based on nano-films
Tapered ends Tapered optical fibers Hollow core fibersLong period gratingsOptical fiber gratingsNanoFabry-Perot Cavities
Conclusions
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
ADVANTAGES
- Small and Lightweight- Possibility of being embeded in composite materials- Passive nature- Large dynamic ranges- Single- & Multi-Point Sensing Configurations- Large wideband- Low attenuation- Multiplexing techniques- EMI immunity
Technology Overview. Advantages
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Type of optical fiber sensors
Type of Modulation
Intensity
Interferometric
Polarimetric
Spectroscopic
Physical Magnitude
Voltage/current
Temperature
Radiation
Chemical/gas
Rotation
Strain
Electroagnetic fields
Mechanical
Bending/torsion, velocity, vibration/acceleration,displacemen/location, pressure/acoustics, force
Biomedical
Spatial distribution
Point
Distributed
Quasi-distributedNature oftransduction
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Technology Overview. Classification
Ignacio R. Matías et al. Fiber optic sensors. Encyclopedia of Sensors. Vol. 7, pp. 163-181.
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Technology Overview. Extrinsic sensors
Fluorescence
Laser DopplerVelocimetry
ReflectionScattering
Photoelasticeffects
AbsorptionExternal cavities(EFPI)
MEMSOSA
Encoder PlatesDisks
TotalInternal Reflection
Numerical Aperture
Evanescent
Extrinsic Optical Fiber Sensors
Ignacio R. Matías et al. Fiberoptic sensors. Encyclopedia of Sensors. Vol. 7, pp. 163-181.
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Technology Overview. Intrinsic sensors
Fiber Bragg Grattings
(FBG)
Microbend
Fiber Lasers/Doped Fibers
PhotonicCrystalFibers
Distributed/Quasi distributed
Raman
Interferometric
Rayleigh
Blackbody
Intrinsic Optical Fiber
Sensors
Mode Coupling
Michelson
Sagnac
Mach-Zehnder
Ring Resonator
Polarization
Fabry-Perot
Long periodgrattingsMulticore FBG Tilted FBG
Tunable FBG
D-Shaped FBG
Chirped FBG
BandGap Fibers
Bragg Fibers
Index-guiding Micromachined Self-AssemblyIn line
Laser fiber
Ignacio R. Matías et al. Fiberoptic sensors. Encyclopedia of Sensors. Vol. 7, pp. 163-181.
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Light Sources
PackagingSpecialtyOptical Fibers
Sensors
Detectors &Interrogators
Fiber Optic Sensing System Key Building Blocks
User InterfaceData Acquisition & Interpretation
Design, Planning andInstallation
Courtesy of Alexis Méndez. MCH Engineering, LLC
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Market Drawbacks
• Unfamiliarity with the technology• Conservative/no-risk attitude of some industries• Need for a proven field record• Compatibility with existing equipment• Cost• Availability of trained personnel• Turn-key type systems (total sensing solution)• Lack of standards• Quality, performance, packaging & reliability deficiencies across vendors• Major sensing initiatives likely dominated by wireless
Fiber Optic Market Status
� Fragmented
� Niche markets� Foothold in niche applications� Slow adopting industries� Positive investment environment� Major franchises emerging
Positive and continued steady growth� Important growth in chemical/ bio-detection
Courtesy of David Huff (Oida) Source: Quorex
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Source: INTECHNO CONSULTING
Sensors Market Size
19982003
2008
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Development of the World Market Share of Fiber Optical Sensors until 2008
US $ Million
FOS WORLD MARKET
1998 – U$ 175 M – MKT SHARE (0,54%)2003 – U$ 283 M - MKT SHARE (0,67%)2008 – U$ 1450 M –MKT SHARE (2,87%)
AVERAGE OF ANNUAL GROUTH RATE – 23,5%
SENSORS WORLD MARKET
1998 – U$32,534.0M2003 – U$42,158.4M2008 – U$50,594.3M
AVERAGE OF ANNUAL GROUTH RATE – 4,5%
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Applications
Civil (bridges, roads, dams, tunnels)
Transportation (Rail monitoring, Weight in motion, Carriage safety)
Energy Industry (Power plants, Boilers & Steam turbines, Power cables, Turbines, Refineries)
Aerospace (Jet engines , Rocket & propulsion systems,
Fuselages)
Oil & Gas (Reservoir monitoring, downholeP/T sensing, seismic
arrays)
Border security and power line
monitoring
Courtesy of David Huff and Alexis Mendez
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Courtesy of David Huff (Oida). Source: Light Wave Venture
Optical Fiber Sensor Market Revenues Breakdown
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Optical Fiber Sensor Market Forecast
Courtesy of David Huff (Oida). Source: Light Wave Venture
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
SummaryIntroduction to the fiber optic sensor marketNanotechnology and fiber optic sensors?The Electrostatic Self-Assembled Monolayer MethodPossible sensing architectures based on nano-films
Tapered ends Tapered optical fibers Hollow core fibersLong period gratingsOptical fiber gratingsNanoFabry-Perot Cavities
Conclusions
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Nanotechnology and fiber optic sensors?
Nanostructure with a size between molecular and microscopic
layers of subwavelength thickness (botton-up)
Nanotextured surfaces Nanoparticles
Nanotubes
Nanofilm1D
2D
3D
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Deposition techniques for sensing coatings in OFSDeposition techniques for sensing coatings in OFS
Sputtering in a radio frequencyplanar magnetron systems
Gel solutions
Langmuir-Blodgett
Layer-by-layer
Nanotechnology and fiber optic sensors?
Electron beam, physical and thermal evaporating
Chemical vapor deposition
Spin, dip coatings
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
SummaryIntroduction to the fiber optic sensor marketNanotechnology and fiber optic sensors?The Electrostatic Self-Assembled Monolayer MethodPossible sensing architectures based on nano-films
Tapered ends Tapered optical fibers Hollow core fibersLong period gratingsOptical fiber gratingsNanoFabry-Perot Cavities
Conclusions
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Introduction
1960s: Layer-by-layer adsorption of oppositely charged colloidal particles was first proposed by R. K. Iler R.K. Iler, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 21, 569-594 (1966) “Multilayers of colloidal particles”
1990s: reappearance of works on this topic with Decher and co-workers as the pioneers G. Decher, J.-D. Hong, Makromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp., 46, 321-327 (1991).
Today: Layer-by-Layer Electrostatic Self-Assembly (ESA) is one of the most promising techniques for the deposition of nanostructured tailored materials on complex surfaces
• Possible ESA substrates: metals, plastics, ceramics, oxydes, semiconductors withdifferent sizes and shapes such as prisms, concave or convex surfaces.
• Possible ESA coating materials: metals, semiconductors, polymers, dyes, indicators, quantum dots, enzymes and many others (Au, Pt, Al2O3, Fe3O4, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), poly(diallydimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA), polyacrylic acid (PAA), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), poly R-478, poly S-119, Neutral Red, Fluorescein, HPTS, PPV, Prussian Blue, Glucose Oxidase, Silica, Quantum Dots…)
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
The ESA Method: diverse applications
MICROSPHERES
TEXAS A&M, M. McShane et al.COATINGS ON BIOLOGICAL CELLS
University of Melbourne, F. Caruso et al.
SUPERHYROPHOBIC SURFACESM.I.T., M. F. Rubner et al.
PRISMS LENS
NANOSONIC, INC., R. O. Claus et al.FLEXIBLE SUBSTRATES
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
SummaryIntroduction to the fiber optic sensor marketNanotechnology and fiber optic sensors?The Electrostatic Self-Assembled Monolayer MethodPossible sensing architectures based on nano-films
Tapered ends Tapered optical fibers Hollow core fibersLong period gratingsOptical fiber gratingsNanoFabry-Perot Cavities
Conclusions
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Nanostructured coatings onto tapered ends of optical fibers
Glucose sensing
tapered ends
Jesús M. Corres, Anai Sanz, Francisco J. Arregui, Ignacio R. Matías and Joaquín Roca. “Fiber optic glucose sensor based on bionanofilms”. Sensors and Actuators B. Not publiseh yet
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
SummaryIntroduction to the fiber optic sensor marketNanotechnology and fiber optic sensors?The Electrostatic Self-Assembled Monolayer MethodPossible sensing architectures based on nano-films
Tapered ends Tapered optical fibersHollow core fibersLong period gratingsOptical fiber gratingsNanoFabry-Perot Cavities
Conclusions
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Tran
smitt
edPo
wer
(dB)
Relative Humidity (%)
Bilayers (5/div)
Experimental response of a 20m waist diameter TOF-based humidity sensors to RH corresponding to three working points of coating thicknesses: 23, 26 and 62 bilayers
Sensors and Actuators B. Vol.122, pp. 442-449. Mars 2007.
Sensors based on Tapered Optical FibersHumidity sensing. Spectral characterization
TOF
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Experimental response to the human breathHumidity response time
compared to a commercial one (Blue box humidity sensor
T12000/6,from Philip Harris)
Sensors based on Tapered Optical Fibers
Humidity sensing. Response time
J. M. Corres, F. J. Arregui and Ignacio R. Matias. “Design of Humidity Sensors based on Tapered Optical Fibers”. IEEE Journal of Lightwave and Technology vol. 24 (11); pp.4329-4336 . Nov. 2006
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 75080
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
Wavelength (nm)
Tran
smis
sion
(%)
4 min3 min2 min1 min
0 20 400
50
100
Time (min)
Tran
smis
sion
(AU
) Antibody Injection
Binding of antibody
Sensors based on Tapered Optical FibersGliadin sensing (gluten detection)
Tapered Optical Fiber Biosensor for the Detection of Anti-Gliadin Antibodies” . IEEE Sensors Conference 2007.
CladdingCore
Gliadin Overlay
Anti-Gliadin Antibody
Peroxidase
Antigen
Tapered FiberLight In Light Out
Light Source
200 m Fiberμ
Holder
Spectrometer
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
SummaryIntroduction to the fiber optic sensor marketNanotechnology and fiber optic sensors?The Electrostatic Self-Assembled Monolayer MethodPossible sensing architectures based on nano-films
Tapered ends Tapered optical fibers Hollow core fibersLong period gratingsOptical fiber gratingsNanoFabry-Perot Cavities
Conclusions
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Sensors based on Hollow core fibers HCF
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Number of bilayers
Tran
smitt
ed O
ptic
al P
ower
(dB
)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Thickness of nanofilm (nm)
led at 1310nmled at 850nm
Spectral characterization
Humidity sensing based on evanescent wave
“Nanofilms on hollow core fiber-based structures: an optical study”. IEEE J. of Light. and Tech. Vol. 24 (5); pp. 2100-2107. May 2006
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
-20
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Bilayer
Tran
smitt
ed P
ower
(dB
)
Polycation
Polyanion54 Bilayers
Time (s)
HC
F tra
nsm
itted
po
wer
(dB)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Time (s)
HC
F tra
nsm
itted
po
wer
(dB
)
23 Bilayers
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Sensors based on Hollow core fibers
breathing monitoring
Humidity sensing based on evanescent wave
Ignacio R. Matías et al. “Nanofilms onto a hollow core fiber”. Opt. Eng. Letters. Vol. 45
(5); 050503. May 2006
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Summary
Introduction to the fiber optic sensor marketNanotechnology and fiber optic sensors?The Electrostatic Self-Assembled Monolayer MethodPossible sensing architectures based on nano-films
Tapered ends Tapered optical fibers Hollow core fibersLong period gratingsOptical fiber gratingsNanoFabry-Perot Cavities
Conclusions
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilmsNanostructured coatings on Long Period Gratings: a pH sensor
LPG overlays
Optical response of one of the attenuation bands of a LPG coatedwith [PAH/PAA] coatings when is submitted to pH changes
J. M. Corres, I. Del Villar, I. R. Matias, F. J. Arregui, Optics Letters, 32 (1), 29, 2007
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Summary
Introduction to the fiber optic sensor marketNanotechnology and fiber optic sensors?The Electrostatic Self-Assembled Monolayer MethodPossible sensing architectures based on nano-films
Tapered ends Tapered optical fibers Hollow core fibersLong period gratingsOptical fiber gratingsNanoFabry-Perot Cavities
Conclusions
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Optical fiber microgratings gratings
Fabrication of Microgratings on the Ends of Standard Optical Fibers by the Electrostatic Self-Assembly Monolayer Process. Optics Letters, vol. 26 (3); pp. 131-133, 2001.
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650Wavelength (nm)
Refle
cted
Opt
ical
Pow
er (d
B)
REFERENCE
SENSING
A
BC
A- PURGED AIRB- 0.6 gr/l DCMC- SATURATION OF DCM
opticalfiber
H H HL L
opticalfiber
HL L
opticalfiber
H H HL L
opticalfiber
HL L
micrograting
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS -VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND SENSOR DICHLOROMETHANE (DCM)
gratings
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
1150 1250 1350 1450 1550 1650Wavelength (nm)
Ref
lect
ed O
ptic
al P
ower
(dB
)
Different spectral responsesDifferent spectral responses
Sensor 1Sensor 1
-0,50
0,51
1,52
2,53
3,54
4,55
1150 1250 1350 1450 1550 1650Wavelength (nm)
Ref
lect
ed O
ptic
al P
ower
(dB
)
Sensor 2Sensor 2
gratings
F. J. Arregui, Richard O. Claus, Kristie L. Cooper, Carlos Fdez-Valdivielso and Ignacio R. Matías. “Optical Fiber Gas Sensor Based on Self-Assembled Microgratings”. IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 19 (12); pp. 1932-1937, 2001.
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
1D PBG with defects others
Refractometer
Optics Letters. 28 (13), pp. 1099-1101, 2003
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
SummaryIntroduction to the fiber optic sensor marketNanotechnology and fiber optic sensors?The Electrostatic Self-Assembled Monolayer MethodPossible sensing architectures based on nano-films
Tapered ends Tapered optical fibers Hollow core fibersLong period gratingsOptical fiber gratingsNanoFabry-Perot Cavities
Conclusions
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
LED
optical fiberindex
matchinggel
sensingelement
opticalfiber
H
opticalfiber
nanocavity
coupler
Photodetector
nanoFabry-Perots
NFP Cavities. Experimental set-up
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
125 microns
nanoFabry-Perots
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
400 500 600 700 800 900
Wavelength (nm)
Abs
orba
nce
(a. u
.)
pH =6
pH =5
pH =7
pH =8
nanoFabry-Perots
NFP Cavities. pH Sensors
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25Time (minutes)
Abso
rban
ce (a
bsor
banc
e un
its)
pH7
pH5
nanoFabry-Perots
NFP Cavities. pH Sensors
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
nanoFabry-Perots
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60Time (min)
Ref
lect
ed o
ptic
al p
ower
(dB
)
pH = 6
pH = 5
pH = 4
NFP Cavities. pH Sensors
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
-8.0
-7.0
-6.0
-5.0
-4.0
-3.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
1.0
400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
Wavelength (nm)
Ref
lect
ed O
ptic
al P
ower
(dB
)
Spectral response to:
11 %RH43 %RH98 %RHAcetoneEthanolDichloromethane
Spectral response to NH3
< 4% of cross-sensitivity to other compounds
5.6 dB with NH3
NFP Cavities. Ammonia sensors
nanoFabry-Perots
D. Galbarra, F. J. Arregui, I. R. Matias and R. O. Claus, Smart Materials and Structures, 14 (4), 2005
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
-5.0
-4.5
-4.0
-3.5
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Time (minutes)
Ref
lect
ed O
ptic
al P
ower
(dB
)
NH3 NH3 NH3 NH3 NH3 NH3
OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF
1 2 3 4 5 6
Dynamic response of a 25 bilayers sensor to Ammonia
NFP Cavities. Ammonia sensors
nanoFabry-Perots
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
NFP Cavities. Ammonia sensors nanoFabry-Perots
Recovery time < 4 seconds
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Time (seconds)
Ref
lect
ed O
ptic
al P
ower
(dB
)
Smart Materials and Structures. Vol. 14; pp. 739-744, 2005.
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
NFP Cavities. Volatile organic compounds sensors[Vap+PAH+/PAA-]
nanoFabry-Perots
-0,4
-0,2
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
0 5 10 15 20 25Nº layer
Ref
lect
ed o
ptic
al p
ower
(dB
) PAH+(Vap)PAA-
Sensors and Actuators B. Vol. 115 (1); pp. 444-449, 2006
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
450 550 650 750 850 950 1050
Wavelenght (nm)
Abs
orba
nce
(A.U
.)Methanol (125 mmol/l)Ethanol (86 mmol/l)Isopropanol (40 mmol/l)
Absorbance spectra of the sensor after 40 minutes exposure
NFP Cavities. Volatile organic compounds sensors nanoFabry-Perots
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Response of the sensor for different methanol concentrations
NFP Cavities. Volatile organic compounds sensors
-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (minutes)
Ref
lect
edO
ptic
alpo
wer
(dB
)
31 mmol/l (methanol)62 mmol/l (methanol)125 mmol/l (methanol)
nanoFabry-Perots
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
0 10 20 30 40 50
Time (minutes)
Ref
lect
edop
tical
pow
er(d
B)
21.5 mmol/l (ethanol)43 mmol/l (ethanol)86 mmol/l (ethanol)
Response of the sensor for different ethanol concentrationsNFP Cavities. Volatile organic compounds sensors nanoFabry-Perots
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
Comparison between ethanol and methanol
NFP Cavities. Volatile organic compounds sensors
-3
-2,5
-2
-1,5
-1
-0,5
0
0,5
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time (minutes)
Ref
lect
edop
tical
pow
er(d
B) Ethanol (86 mmol/l) Methanol (86 mmol/l)
nanoFabry-Perots
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200time (min)
Ref
lect
ed o
ptic
al p
ower
(nW
) H2O2 2·10-5H2O2 5·10-5
H2O2 5·10-6 H2O2 10-5
H2O2 5·10-4
H2O2 10-40
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
0 20 40 60 80 100 120H2O2 concentration (micromolar)
Slop
e (n
W/m
in)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 20 40 60 80 100 120H2O2 concentration (micromolar)
Res
pons
e tim
e (m
in) Response of the sensor for different concentrations of
hydrogen peroxide at pH 4:
1.- Reflected optical power
2.- Slope of the change in the reflected power
3.- Response time
NFP Cavities. Hydrogen peroxide sensor nanoFabry-Perots
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
NFP Cavities. Human breathing
nanoFabry-Perots
Sensor and opto-electronic units
Face mask and sensor
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
NFP Cavities. Human breathing
(a) (b)
(c) (d)nanoFabry-Perots
IEICE Transactions on Electronics, vol. E83-C (3); pp. 360-365, 2000
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
NFP Cavities. Interrogator system for NFP reflexive sensors
nanoFabry-Perots
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
nanoFabry-Perots
NFP Cavities. Humidity sensors using silica nano-spheres
Caracterization (AFM)
50 nm SiO2 nanoparticlesContact angle: 5º
Surface: Silica
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
SummaryIntroduction to the fiber optic sensor marketNanotechnology and fiber optic sensors?The Electrostatic Self-Assembled Monolayer MethodPossible sensing architectures based on nano-films
Tapered ends Tapered optical fibers Hollow core fibersLong period gratingsOptical fiber gratingsNanoFabry-Perot Cavities
Conclusions
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
CONCLUSIONS
• The Layer-by-Layer Electrostatic Self-Assembly Method has been presented as a useful tool for fabricating nano-structured sensing coatings, not only fiber optic sensors.
• These coatings can be deposited on substrates of different shapes: flat, cylindrical or conical
• Different optical fiber sensors have been already experimentally demonstrated (humidity, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, glucose, etc.) and the possible applications of this technique in the sensing field are very promising.
• The sensors have a very fast response time, can operate at room temperature and it is possible to find a suitable architecture depending on the specific application.
• Several different optical fiber structures to fabricate sensors have been proposed: Tapered ends, Tapered optical fibers, Hollow core fibers, Long period gratings, Optical fiber gratings, NanoFabry-Perot Cavities, 1D PBG with defects, etc.). All of them are feasible to be implemented using ESA technique with different sensing properties and final performances.
• It is possible to design specific sensors for specific applications by varying any of the design parameters: materials, thickness, number of bilayers, structures, etc.
Novel fiber optic sensing architectures based on sensitive nanofilms
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Public University of Navarre
Ignacio Del VillarJesus M. CorresJavier BravoJavier GoicoecheaCarlos RuizCesar ElosuaMiguel AchaerandioManuel Lopez-AmoCandido Bariain
All the people at Nanosonic, Incwww.nanosonic.com
This is the result of the contribution of many people
All the people at Virginia TechFiber & Electro-OpticsRESEARCH CENTER
NOVEL FIBER OPTIC SENSING ARCHITECTURES BASED ON SENSITIVE
NANOFILMS
Ignacio R. Matias, Francisco J. Francisco J. ArreguiArregui and Richard O. Clausand Richard O. [email protected] [email protected]
Public University of NavarrePamplona; SPAIN
Nanosonic, IncBlacksburg; VA; USA
www.nanosonic.comwww.unavarra.es