november 2011 slide 1 doc.: ieee 802.15-11-0826-02-0006 submission project: ieee p802.15 working...
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November 2011
Slide 1
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: IEEE 802.15.6 TutorialDate Submitted: November 9, 2011Source: David Davenport (GE Global Research), ([email protected]), Marco Hernandez
(NICT), ([email protected]), Daniel Lewis (NICTA), ([email protected]), Huan-Bang Li (NICT), ([email protected]), Richard McPartland (Toumaz), ([email protected]), Okundu C. Omeni (Toumaz), ([email protected]), Jin-Meng Ho (TI) ([email protected]), Arthur Astrin (Astrin Radio), ([email protected])
Re: IEEE 802.15.6 TutorialAbstract: Educational material about IEEE 802.15.6 standardPurpose: To focus activities during the meetingNotice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a
basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.
November 2011
Slide 2
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
IEEE 802.15.6 Tutorial
November 2011
Slide 3
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
Agenda
• What is a BAN?• IEEE standardization progress• 802.15.6 Standard Architecture• Summary
November 2011
Slide 4
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
What is a Body Area Network (BAN)?
• provides communication links in and around the body
• Allows communications between sensors, actuators and processing elements
The optimal place to monitor different vital signs, inject drugs or signals are not all in the same location.
A Body Area Network (BAN)…
November 2011
Slide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
IEEE Standards
• IEEE Standards are used around the world to help industries and companies open business opportunities, maximize research efforts, generate public and customer trust, build order in the marketplace and enhance safety.
• The IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) is a leading developer of industry standards in a broad-range of industries. Globally recognized, the IEEE-SA has strategic relationships with the IEC, ISO, and the ITU and satisfies all SDO requirements set by the World Trade Organization, offering more paths to international standardization.
November 2011
Slide 6
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
Purpose of IEEE802.15.6 StandardThe purpose of the proposed standard it to provide an international standard for a short range (i.e. about human body range), low power and highly reliable wireless communication for use in close proximity to, or inside, a human body.
(PAR 07-0575)
November 2011
Slide 7
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
BAN Architecture
Hub/Node
Hub
NodeNode
Node Node
BAN
Node
Node
with extension
November 2011
Slide 8
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
Possible hub locations
• Necklace• Belt• Wrist• Shoe• Off Body - Bedside
November 2011
Slide 9
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
806.15.6 Architecture
PHY NB
PHY UWB
PHY HBC
Media AccessControl(MAC)
1 common MAC but 3 PHYs
November 2011
Slide 10
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
IEEE802.15.6 Narrowband
Designed for wireless medical applications:
• wearable • implantable
November 2011
Slide 11
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
IEEE802.15.6 NarrowbandWearable •Replace cables with highly reliable wireless•One or both ends of the wireless link on the human body
Patient tethered to monitor
Implantable•Develop a wireless standard for implantable unified with wearable.•Implantable currently has a band but no standard
Patient monitored wirelessly (no cables)
November 2011
Slide 12
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
802.15.6 Narrowband can use quiet spectrum…
Microwave oven
Really noisy (think music festival) Really quiet (think town library)
Primary users:•Aeronautical mobile telemetry•Radio astronomy
Future, secondary users:•802.15.6 enabled medical devices
2.4 – 2.5GHz ISM band 2.36 – 2.4GHz MBAN band
ZigBee
Wi-Fi Bluetooth
November 2011
Slide 13
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
Proposed Medical BAN (MBAN) band in US
2483.5 MHz
WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Proprietary
Proposed new quiet MBAN band in US will be…•MBAN systems will operate in the new band on a secondary basis•Limited to transmission of data (no voice) for medical applications•Operation by duly authorized health care professionals and prescription•2360-2390 MHz operation permitted indoors at hospitals subject to coordination, radio propagation, eKey/beacon, transition plans and other proposed rule elements•2390-2400 MHz MBAN operation permitted anywhere - hospitals, home etc.
Crowded band. Reliability challenges.
2400 MHz2360 MHz 2390 MHz
Aeronautical mobile Telemetry (AMT) 2360-2395 MHz – primary user
Radio Astronomy 2370-2390 MHz
Amateur Radio 2390-2450 MHz
Indoor use health facilities
Any where
New quiet band.
November 2011
Slide 14
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
802.15.6NB: low average & peak power
20mA
10mA
Bluetooth Low Energy
802.15.6NB
Not much left for sensors
Peak current
CR2032 can deliver ~20mA peak
Low peak current allows more flexibility for sensors & local processing
November 2011
Slide 15
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
Why not use Bluetooth LE?802.15.6 Narrowband and BTLE are designed for different use cases.
Bluetooth LEInfrequent sending of small amounts of data via a mobile phone and/or to a web service. Not designed for:•streaming or applications requiring higher data rates (>20kbps)•applications requiring high reliability (BTLE has no FEC, operates in noisy 2.4GHz band)
802.15.6 NarrowbandFocussed on medical applications requiring short range bidirectional wireless data transfer. Typically at least one end of the wireless link is on or in the human body.It is designed to:•provide a highly reliable wireless connection (FEC & operation in quiet MBAN band)•support streaming
November 2011
Slide 16
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
802.15.6 Narrowband Channels
Frequency Band (MHz)
Number of Channels Channel bandwidth
402 – 405 10 300 kHz420 – 450 12 320 kHz863 – 870 14 400 kHz902 – 928 60 400 kHz950 – 958 16 400 kHz
2360 – 2400 39 1 MHz2400 – 2483.5 79 1 MHz
Implantable
Wearable
November 2011
Slide 17
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
802.15.6 Narrowband Data RatesFrequency Band
(MHz)Information Data Rate
(kbps)402 – 405 75.9
151.8303.6455.4
420 – 450 75.9151.8187.5
863 – 870902 – 928950 – 958
101.2202.4404.8607.1
2360 – 24002400 – 2483.5
121.4242.9485.7971.4
Data rate can be traded for range or robustness.Dividing data rate by 4 => x2 range
November 2011
Slide 18
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
UWB PHY• The wideband PHY is based on UWB technology• In particular impulse radio (IR-UWB) and wideband
FM (FM-UWB)– IR-UWB is based on transmission of either a single pulse
(new paradigm) or a burst of pulses (legacy) per information symbol.
– FM-UWB combines CP-GFSK modulation with wideband FM.
November 2011
Slide 19
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
UWB PHY• UWB radios allow
– Low implementation complexity, which is critical for low power consumption.
– The signal power levels are in the order of those used in the MICS band (medical implant devices). That is, UWB provides safety power levels for the human body.
– Low interference to other medical devices and equipment
November 2011
Slide 20
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
UWB PHY applications• There are two modes of operation: default mode and
high quality of service (QoS) mode.– The default mode is used in medical and non-medical
applications (IR-UWB transceivers are mandatory for implementation, while FM-UWB transceivers are optional)
– The high QoS mode is used for high priority medical applications (IR-UWB transceivers are mandatory)
November 2011
Slide 21
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
802.15.6 Ultra Wideband (UWB)Bandgroup
Channelnumber
Centralfrequency
(MHz)
Bandwidth(MHz)
Channelattribute
Low band1 3494.4 499.2 Optional2 3993.6 499.2 Mandatory3 4492.8 499.2 Optional
High band
4 6489.6 499.2 Optional5 6988.8 499.2 Optional6 7488.0 499.2 Optional7 7987.2 499.2 Mandatory8 8486.4 499.2 Optional9 8985.6 499.2 Optional
10 9484.8 499.2 Optional11 9984.0 499.2 Optional
November 2011
Slide 22
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
802.15.6 UWB Data rates
Uncodedbit rate(Mbps)
FECrate
Codedbit rate(kbps)
0.487 0.81 394.8 0.975 0.81 789.7 1.950 0.81 1,579.0 3.900 0.81 3,159.0 7.800 0.81 6,318.0
15.600 0.81 12,636.0
On-Off signaling
ModUncodedbit rate(Mbps)
FECrate
Codedbit rate(kbps)
DBPSK 0.487 0.5 243.0 DBPSK 0.975 0.5 457.0 DBPSK 1.950 0.5 975.0 DBPSK 3.900 0.5 1,950.0 DBPSK 7.800 0.5 3,900.0 DQPSK 15.600 0.5 7,800.0 DBPSK 0.557 0.5 278.0 DQPSK 1.114 0.5 557.0
DBPSK/DQPSK modulations
Uncoded bit rate
(kbps)
FECrate
Coded bit rate(kbps)
250 0.81 202.5
FM-UWB data rate
• Impulse Radio (IR)
• FM (optional)
November 2011
Slide 23
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
Designed for exchanging data between devices by … touching
Human Body Communication (HBC)
November 2011
Slide 24
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
Human Body Communication (HBC)• The electrode in contact with the body is used for transmitting or receiving an electrical signal through the body to a device (e.g. smartphone)
• HBC uses 21MHz band
Data Rate ( 21MHz )
164 kbps
328 kbps
656 kbps
1.3125 Mbps
e-Payment via touch screenExchange e-business cards via handshake
November 2011
Slide 25
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
MAC Features• Supports Quality of Service (QoS)• Supports MICS band communication support• Supports Emergency Communications• Supports hub to node as well as hub to node to node• Strong Security• Macroscopic and microscopic power management• Coexistence and interference mitigation
November 2011
Slide 26
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
MAC support of Priority
Priority User Priority Traffic designation Frame typeLowest 0 Background (BK) Data
1 Best effort (BE) Data2 Excellent effort (EE) Data3 Video (VI) Data4 Voice (VO) Data5 Medical data or network control Data or management
6 High priority medical data or network control Data or managementHighest 7 Emergency or medical event report Data
Field valuein decimal
BAN services
0 Non-medical services 1 Mixed medical and non-medical services2 General health services3 Highest priority medical services
BAN Priority field encoding
User priority mapping
November 2011
Slide 27
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
Medium AccessFour access methods are provided and can work separately or jointly:• Random access
– Nodes use CSMA/CA or slotted Aloha in access phases specified by hub for contention-based transmissions
– Contention is prioritized to differentiate 8 user priorities• Improvised access
– Hub announces future transmission times via current frame’s MAC header– Hub sends polls or posts at announced times
• Polls – enabling node to send data or management type frames• Posts – data or management type frames sent by hub to node
• Scheduled access– Node and hub negotiate reserved time intervals via their connection request and
connection assignment exchanges– These intervals are for uplink, downlink, or bilink contention-free transmissions of
data/management type frames from node, hub, or node/hub, respectively• Unscheduled access
– Best-effort version of scheduled access
November 2011
Slide 28
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
SecurityA self-contained, low-overhead, but strong security solution is provided:• Master key generation
– through master key (MK) pre-shared association, unauthenticated association, public key hidden association, password-authenticated association, and display-authenticated association
– Simple two-way handshake for MK pre-shared association; elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) based for key agreement
• Temporal key creation/distribution– Pairwise temporal key (PTK) creation for unicast protection– Group temporal key (GTK) distribution for multicast/broadcast protection
• Data authentication/encryption– AES-128 CCM for data authentication/encryption– Replay prevention– Low security overhead
Message (data) security(message authentication
message encryptionmessage replay defense)
Pairwisetemporal key (PTK)
Authentication credentials
Authenticated or unauthenticated
association: master key generation
Pairwisetemporal key
(“session” key) creation
Master key(MK)
Onceper message (frame)
Once between two parties
Onceper “session”
November 2011
Slide 29
doc.: IEEE 802.15-11-0826-02-0006
Submission
Summary
• Standard defines 3 Physical Layers• Defines a common MAC and Security• Published in 2012