npptl year month day initials branch overview of niosh-approved respiratory protection devices
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NPPTL Year Month Day Initials BRANCH
Overview of NIOSH-Approved Respiratory Protection Devices
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Respirator Types
Air Purifying Respirators
Purify contaminated air by filtration, absorption or chemical reaction to make it suitable for breathing.
Air Supplying Respirators
Provides breathing gas from a source independent of the surrounding/contaminated atmosphere.
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Respirator Facepieces
The respirator normally attaches to the wearer with a facepiece, although there are also other connections such as mouth-bit, hoods or helmets
The type of facepiece affects how well the respirator seals against the wearer’s face which, in turn, relates to inward leakage in negative pressure phases
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Respirator Types
Air Purifying Respirators – Non-powered and Powered Air Purifying
Particulate Filtering
Gas / Vapor Removing
Combination Gas/Vapor and Particulate Filtering
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Respiratory Inlet Coverings for Air-Purifying Respirators
• Non-powered – tight fitting Filtering Facepiece
Mouth-bit
Quarter Mask
Half Mask
Full Facepiece
• Powered Air Purifying Respirator – can be tight or loose fit Half Mask
Full Facepiece
Hood
Helmet
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Filtering Facepieces
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Half Mask Air-Purifying Respirator
Facepiece
Air-PurifyingElement Exhalation
Valve
Inhalation Valve
Headbands
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Full Facepiece, Air-Purifying Respirators (Single Cartridge)
Facepiece
Air-PurifyingElement Exhalation Valve
Inhalation Valve
Eyepiece
Air DirectingInlet
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Full Facepiece Powered, Air-Purifying Respirators (PAPR)
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Loose-Fitting Helmet with PAPR
Circular PerforatedAir Diffuser
Adjustable Collar
Hood andCape
Metal Helmet
FlexibleTube
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Filters for Particles
Types of particulates
Dusts - solid particles usually generated by mechanical stress
Fumes - solid particles generated by condensing a gas or by chemical reaction, usually refers to metals
Mists - suspended liquid droplets
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Particulate Removal Mechanisms
Electrostatic - the particle carries an electrical charge while the fibers of the filter have been enhanced to carry the opposite electrical charge, thereby making the particle attracted to the fibers.
Mechanical - the particle is physically stopped and held by the fibers of the filter.
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Respirator Efficiency
Particulate filters are classed as N, R, or P combined with 95, 99, or 100
N - Not resistant to oil mist
R - Resistant to oil mist
P - Protective against all particulates
95, 99, 100 - approximate filter efficiency against 0.3 micron particles
P100 particulate filters capture 99.97% of 0.3 micron particles
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NIOSH approval is issued for classes of gases and vapors
Organic vapors
Acid gases
Cartridges and Canisters for Gases and Vapors (cont.)
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NIOSH approval is issued for specific gases
Ammonia
Methylamine
Chlorine
Sulfur Dioxide
Hydrogen Chloride
Hydrogen Sulfide
Formaldehyde
And others
Cartridges and Canisters for Gases and Vapors
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Labels are color-coded
Organic vapors – Black
Acid gases – White
Organic vapors and Acid gases – Yellow
Ammonia and Methylamine – Green
Any other gas or vapor not listed - Olive
P100 – Magenta
Identification of Cartridges and Canisters
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Always read the NIOSH Approval Label to verify that the cartridge
or filter on your respirator is approved for the contaminant in
the work place!
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Example of a NIOSH Approval Label
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Respirator Types
Air Purifying Respirators
Purify contaminated air by filtration, absorption or chemical reaction to make it suitable for breathing.
Air Supplying Respirators
Provides breathing gas from a source independent of the surrounding/contaminated atmosphere.
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Respirator Types Air Supplied Respirators
Continuous flow
Pressure Demand
Abrasive Blast
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
Self-Contained Self Rescuer
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Respiratory Inlet Coverings for Continuous Flow Air-Supplying
Respirators
• Can be tight-fitting or loose-fitting
Quarter Mask
Half Mask
Full Facepiece
Hood
Helmet
• May incorporate a filter for entry and egress
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Continuous Flow Air-Supplying Respirators
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Respiratory Inlet Coverings for Pressure Demand Air-Supplying Respirators
• Must be tight-fitting
Half Mask
Full Facepiece
• May incorporate a filter for entry and egress
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Pressure Demand Air-Supplying Respirators
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Respiratory Inlet Coverings for Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
• Must be tight-fitting. Only Full Facepiece can be approved.
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Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
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Respiratory Inlet Coverings for Self-Contained Self Rescuer
• Most, if not all, Self Rescuer units are mouth-bit respirators
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Self-Contained Self Rescuers
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Regulatory Requirements
The selection, use, and maintenance of respirators in the US is regulated by
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
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Respirators must be used when effective engineering controls are
not feasible or while they are being instituted.
Usage of Respirators
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Respirator Selection Factors
Use conditions (e.g. grinding, using jackhammer, asbestos or lead abatement, painting)
Contaminant type (known or unknown)
Physical/chemical/toxicological properties of contaminant
Occupational exposure limits (e.g. OSHA, PEL, NIOSH, REL)
Immediately dangerous to life or health concentration
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Respirator Selection Factors
• Oxygen deficient atmosphere (<19.5% O2 by volume)
• Entry or escape
• Expected concentration of each respiratory hazard
• Eye irritation potential
• Environmental factors, such as presence of oil aerosols
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Assigned Protection Factors Assigned Protection Factors (APFs) are the metric
for determining respirator performance on the worker
APFs can be thought of as multiples of the occupational exposure limit (OEL) or fractions of the contaminated atmosphere: for an APF of 10, the respirator would protect against 10 times the OEL or expose the worker to 1/10 of the contaminated atmosphere
APFs assume the worker will have a fit factor 10 times the APF to allow for variations in donning
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Assigned Protection Factors
The APF is determined based on the leakage of the face seal, penetration through the filter, penetration or leakage from other sources, and a statistical determination to protect 95% of users
The leakage from the face seal is additive to penetration from the filter
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OSHA Assigned Protection Factors
OSHA determines assigned protection factors for respirators
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Respiratory Protection Program A complete written program which includes
Maintenance, inspection, cleaning, storage and evaluation of the respirator
Use of the respirator in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions
Fit testing
Regular worker training
Medical evaluation
Environmental monitoring
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Thank you
Visit Us at: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/programs/ppt/
Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this presentation have not been formally disseminated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and should not be construed to represent any
agency determination or policy.
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NPPTL Year Month Day Initials BRANCH
Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this presentation have not been formally disseminated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy.
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory626 Cochrans Mill Road
Pittsburgh PA 15236(412) 386-4000
www.cdc/gov/niosh/npptl
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory626 Cochrans Mill Road
Pittsburgh PA 15236(412) 386-4000
www.cdc/gov/niosh/npptl