nrayhw;wif mwpf;if - sri lanka...nrayhw;wif mwpf;if 2011 ntspehl;l tsq;fs; jpizf;fsk; epjpj;...

nrayhw;Wif mwpf;if

2011

ntspehl;L tsq;fs; jpizf;fsk;

epjpj; jpl;lkply; mikr;R

nrayhw;Wif mwpf;if 2011

ntspehl;L tsq;fs; jpizf;fsk; gf;fk; i

cs;slf;fk;

J}u Nehf;F> nraw;gzp> kw;Wk; jpizf;fsj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; iii 1.0 NkNdhf;F 1 1.1 epWtd fl;likg;G 2 1.2 cj;jpNahfj;jh;fspd; mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; gapw;rp 3 2.0 ntspehl;L epjpaspg;G 5 2.1 ntspehl;L epjpapd; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; 5 2.2 mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; ntspehl;L epjpaspg;gpd; Nghf;F

6

2.3 ntspehl;L epjpapd; gfph;Tfs;

7

2.4 ntspehl;L epjpapd; gad;ghl;L tpfpjk;

8

2.5 mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;L gfpug;glhj kPjp

9

2.6 ntspehl;Lf; fld; 9 2.7 ntspehl;Lf; fld; Nritf; nfhLg;gdT 10 3.0 gphpTfs; %ykhd nrayhw;Wif 11

3.1 Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpg; gphpT 11 3.1.1 ,yq;ifapd; mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fSs; xUtuhf Mrpa

mgptpUj;jp tq;fp 11

3.1.2 2011Mk; Mz;by; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fSk;> gfph;TfSk;

11

3.1.3 2011Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L te;j gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

12

3.1.4 2011Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; RUf;fkhd tpguk;

13

3.1.5 2012Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

20

3.1.6 2011Mk; Mk; Mz;by; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; epjp cjtpAld; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

20

3.1.7 2011Mk; Mz;;bd; tpNrl epfo;Tfs; 21 3.2 [g;ghd; gphpT 21 3.2.1 Jiw thhpahd fld; njhFjp Ma;T 21 3.2.2 2011Mk; Mz;bd; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; 22 3.2.3 2011Mk; Mz;bd; gfph;Tfs; 22 3.2.4 2011Mk; Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujhd

fUj;jpl;lq;fs; 22

3.2.5 2011Mk; Mz;by; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fs; 26 3.2.6 2012Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;glNtz;ba fUj;jpl;lq;fs; 26 3.2.7 2011Mk; Mz;by; epfo;e;j epfo;Tfs; 27 3.3 cyf tq;fpg; gphpT 27 3.3.1 g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fs; 30 3.3.2 2011Mk; Mz;bd; tpNrl epfo;TfSk;> cyf tq;fpapd;

J}Jth; FOf;fSk; 30


ntspehl;L tsq;fs; jpizf;fsk; gf;fk; ii

3.4 ,U gf;f Nkw;Fg; gphpT 30 3.4.1 2011Mk; Mz;bd; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; 31 3.4.2 2011Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs; 32 3.4.3 2011Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lxU rpy gpujhd

fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; RUf;fkhd tpguk; 32

3.4.4 Nkiyj;Nja mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fsplkpUe;J fpilf;fg; ngw;w ed;nfhilfs;

34

3.4.5 vjph;fhyj;jpy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

35

3.5 ,U gf;f fpof;Fg; gphpT 35 3.5.1 rPdh 37 3.5.2 nfhhpah 37 3.5.3 mT];jpNuypah 37 3.5.4 kNyrpah 38 3.6 kj;jpa fpof;Fk; rhh;f; gphpTk; 39 3.6.1 kj;jpa fpof;F gpuhe;jpak; 39 3.6.2 rhh;f; ehLfs; 40 3.7 If;fpa ehLfs;; gphpT 42 3.7.1 2011Mk; Mz;bd; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; 42 3.7.2 2011Mk; Mz;bd; gfph;Tfs; 43 3.7.3 2011Mk; Mz;by; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fs; 43 3.7.4 mtru cjtp 44 3.7.5 eilKiwg;;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba fUj;jpl;lq;fSk;> epfo;r;rpj;

jpl;lq;fSk; 44

3.7.6 njw;F njw;F xj;Jiog;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; 45 3.7.7 tptrha mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rh;tNjr epjp 45 3.8 kdpj tsq;fspd; mgptpUj;jpg; gphpT 47 3.8.1 nfhhpah rh;tNjr FOg;gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; 49 3.8.2 [g;ghdpa FO gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; 49 3.9 nghUshjhu kw;Wk; nfhs;if Ma;Tg; gphpT 50 3.9.1 nghUshjhu kw;Wk; nfhs;if Ma;Tg; gphptpd; gq;F 50 3.9.2 2011Mk; Mz;bd; nrayhw;Wif 51 4.0 epjp hPjpahd kPsha;T 52 4.1 nrytpdk; njhlh;ghd epjp hPjpahd jfty;fs; 52 4.2 Kw;gzf; fzf;Ffs; 54 4.3 fzf;fha;thsh; ehafj;jpd; tprhuizfs 54 4.4 2011Mk; Mz;bd; xJf;fPl;Lf; fzf;F 54 ,izg;G 1 2011Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gphptpy; mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l

fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; gl;bay; (I. m. nlh. kpy;ypad;) 55


ntspehl;L tsq;fs; jpizf;fsk; gf;fk; iii

J}u Nehf;F> nraw;gzp> kw;Wk; jpizf;fsj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;

J}u Nehf;F

“cah; eLj;ju tUkhdj;ij miltjw;fhf ehL vOr;rpa+l;lg;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf ,yq;ifapd; tsh;r;rpiaj; Jhpjg;gLj;Jtjw;F ntspehl;L epjpfisj; jpul;Ltjd; %yKk;> Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;tjd; %yKk; Njitahd mw;pT> kw;Wk; epGzj;Jt

hPjpahf rpwe;j juj;ij miljy;”

nraw;gzp

“ehl;bd; ePz;l fhy fld;fis jhq;fpf; nfhs;sf; $ba jd;ikia guhkhpg;gJld;

“kfpe;j rpe;jid GjpaNjhh; ,yq;iff;fhd J}u Nehf;fpw;F” cjtpaspg;gjd; nghUl;L ,aYkhd mstpy; nrytPdq;fisf; Fiwj;J ntspehl;L epjpAjtpfis

jpul;Ljy;”

Nehf;fq;fs;

murhq;fj;jpd; mgptpUj;jp nfhs;if Ntiyr; rl;lfj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Kd;Dhpik mspf;fg;gl;Ls;s Jiwfspd; mgptpUj;jpj; NjitfSf;F epjp toq;Ftjw;F Fiwe;j nryTlDk;> Fiwthd ,lUlDk;

ntspehl;L tsq;fisj; jpul;Ljy;; ,yq;if Mrpahtpd; Mr;;rhpaq;fSs; xd;whf cUthfp tUfpd;wJ.

ntspehl;L tsq;fis tpidj; jpwDilajhfTk;> gaDW tpisTs;sjhfTk; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F trjpaspj;jy;.

ehl;bd; ePz;l fhy ntspehl;L fldpd; epiyahd jd;ikapidg; NgZtjw;F

gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jjy;.

ntspehl;L gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fis tpidj;jpwdhd gad;ghl;bd; %yk; mur Jiwapd; kdpj ts mgptpUj;jpf;F gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jjy;.

jpizf;fsj;jplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghhpa nghWg;Gfis gaDW tpisTs;sjhfTk;> nraw;jpwd; nfhz;ljhfTk; epiwNtw;Wtjw;F jpizf;fsj;jpd; jpwd;fis NkYk; tYT+l;Ljy;.


ntspehl;L tsq;fs; jpizf;fsk; gf;fk; iv

vkJ tpOkpaq;fs;

rfy rl;lq;fisAk;> xOq;F tpjpfisAk; filg;gpbj;jy; kw;Wk; rpwe;j Fz

eyd;fNshL ,zq;fp elg;gjd; ClhfTk;> MSik> njspthfj; njhpAk;

jd;ik> ntspg;gLj;Jif> kw;Wk; xOf;f newpfspd; mjp cah; juj;ijg;

NgZjy;

jpizf;fsj;jpd; mf;fiwia Kd;dpUj;jp mjp cah; jukhd jdpg;gl;l

Neh;ikiag; NgZjy;

gzpf;FOtpdhpd; nrayhw;Wiffis ntspf;fhl;lf; $bathwhd gu];gu

kjpg;G kw;Wk; ek;gpf;iff;fhd R+oiy Vw;gLj;jp g+uzkhd rhj;jpaq;fis

epiwNtw;Wjy;.

ehzag; nghUshsh;fSld; cz;ikahdJk;> epahakhdJkhd njhlh;Gfspd;

Clhf xOf;f newpfspd; ePz;l fhy cwTfis tsh;r;rpailar; nra;jy;.

Rfy kl;lj;jpYk; cs;s gzpahsh;fSf;F mjpfhukspj;jy;> jiyaPLfisf;

Fiwj;jy;> kw;Wk; mth;fis flikg; nghWg;Gs;sth;fshf ,Uf;FkhW

Ntz;Ljy;.


ntspehl;L tsq;fs; jpizf;fsk; gf;fk; 1

1. NkNdhf;F

kfpe;j rpe;jid vjph;fhy Nrhf;fpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;s mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffis ntw;wpfukhd Kiwapy; miltjw;fhf eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;F mtrpakhd ntspehl;L epjpapidj; jpul;Ltjw;Fk;> kw;Wk; xUq;fpizg;gjw;Fk; fhzg;gLk; gpujhdkhd murhq;f epWtdkhf ntspehl;L tsq;fs; jpizf;fsk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,t;topapy; ,f;Fwpf;Nfhis miltjw;fhf Nghf;Ftuj;J> JiwKfk;> kpd;rf;jp kw;Wk; tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J> ePh;> Jg;Guthf;fy;> ePh;g;ghrdk; kw;Wk; kdpj tsq;fSk;> r%f %yjdk; Nghd;w rfy nghUshjhu cg Jiwfspd; Clhf mur KjyPLfis mjpfhpg;gjd; %yk; cUthf;fg;gl;l nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpapid epiyg;gLj;Jtij cWjpg;gLj;jpy;; jpizf;fsk; gpujhd gq;if tfpj;Js;sJ. rYif mbg;gilapyhd ntspehl;L epjpapd; tPo;r;rpg; Nghf;fpd; fhuzkhf Gjpa ntspehl;L epjp %yj;jpid tprhyg;gLj;jpajd; %yk; mur KjyPl;Lf;Ff; fhzg;gLk; khw;W tha;g;Gf;fis tphptilar; nra;Js;sJ. MapDk;> ntspehl;L epjpapy; Vw;gLk; nrytpid jhq;ff; $ba msTf;F NgZtjw;fhf gy;NtW tPr;rpy; fhzg;gLk; fld; epge;jidfisf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L rYif mbg;gilapyhd fld;fSld; jhq;ff; $ba gaDs;s rYif mw;w ,Wf;fkhd fld; fyg;nghd;Wld; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F jpizf;fsk; eltbf;iffis vLj;Js;sJ. mjd; gpufhuk;> Mrpa mgptpUj;j;p tq;fp> cyf tq;fpapd; FOf;fs;> INuhg;gpa KjyPl;L tq;fp> kw;Wk; If;fpa ehLfs; epWtdj;jpd; gy gf;f mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fshfTk;> [g;ghd;> rPdh> nfhhpah> ,e;jpah> `q;Nfhp> nejh;yhe;J> kw;Wk; mT];jpNuypah> ,U gf;f mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fshf jw;NghJ nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wd. murhq;fj;jpdhy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l ghhpa mstpyhd mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;F Vw;g> fle;j rpy Mz;Lfshf mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fsplk; ,Ue;Jk;> epjp cjtp toq;FNthhplkpUe;Jk; fpilf;fg; ngw;w tUlhwe;j epjp mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; gbg;gahf mjpfhpj;Js;sd. 2011Mk; Mz;by; nkhj;j mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fis 2010Mk; Mz;;bd; nkhj;j mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fshd I. m. nlh. 3>261 kpy;ypad;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlh. 2>076 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jJ. ,J I.m.nlh. 1>945 kpy;ypad; fUj;jpl;lf; fld;fisAk;> I.m.nlh. 131 kpy;ypad; ed;nfhilfisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. rPdh> [g;ghd;> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> cyf tq;fp Nghd;wtw;wpd; fld;fspd; Clhd mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; I.m.nlh. 1>757 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jNjhL> mJ 2011Mk; Mz;bd; nkhj;j mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fspy; 84 rjtPjj;jpidAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpaJ. mNj Nghy; fle;j Mz;Lld; xg;gpLifapy;> 6 rjtPj mgptpUj;jpnahd;iw fhl;Ltjd; %yk; ,yq;ifapdhy; gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;F I. m. nlh. 131 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd njhifia ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbe;Js;sJ. mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l nkhj;j ed;nfhil mh;g;gzpg;gpy; 69 rjtPjk; If;fpa ehLfs; epWtdj;jpdhy; mwpf;ifaplg;gl;Ls;sd. MapDk;> xU rpy gpujhd fUj;jpl;l eltbf;iffs; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;bUe;jikapd; fhuzkhf 2010Mk; Mz;il tpl> 2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l mh;g;gzpg;gpy; rpwpa xU tPo;r;rp fhzg;gl;lJ.

2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ntspehl;L epjpapd; nkhj;jg; gfph;T I. m. nlh. 1>901 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. mj;njhifapy;> 91 rjtPjk; mjhtJ I. m. nlh. 1>731 kpy;ypad;fs; fUj;jpl;lf; fld;fspd; Clhfg; gfpug;gl;bUe;jNjhL> vQ;rpa 9 rjtPjkhd I. m. nlh. 170 kpy;ypad;fs; ed;nfhilfspd; Clhf gfpug;gl;bUe;jJ. 2011Mk; Mz;bd; nkhj;jg; gfph;tpy; 20 rjtPjk; [g;ghdpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; epjp cjtp toq;fg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; Clhf mwpf;ifaplg;gl;bUe;jNjhL> mjidj; njhlh;e;J KiwNa rPdh> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> kw;Wk; cyf tq;fp Mfpatw;wpdhy; 22> 20 > 15 kw;Wk; 12 rjtPjk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ



,U gf;f mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fspd; ruhrhp gad;ghl;L tPjk; 2010Mk; Mz;by; 27.4 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2011Mk; Mz;by; 20.5 rjtPjkhf tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. gy gf;f mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fspd; gad;ghl;L tPjk; 2010Mk; Mz;by; 21.8 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2011Mk; Mz;by; 82.5 rjtPjkhf mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.

1.1 epWtd fl;likg;G

ntspehl;L tsq;fs; jpizf;fskhdJ gzpg;ghsh; ehafj;jpd; jiyikapy; ,aq;FtNjhL> mtUf;F cjtpahf xU Nkyjpfg; gzpg;ghsh; ehafKk;> 6

gzpg;ghsh;fSk; gpd;tUk; gphpTfSf;F nghWg;ghf cs;sdh;;

1. Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpg; gphpT

2. [g;ghd; gphpT

3. cyf tq;fpg; gphpT

4. ,U gf;f Nkw;Fg; gphpT

5. ,U gf;f fpof;Fg;; gphpT

6. kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfSk;> rhh;f; ehLfs; gphpTk;

7. kdpj tsq;fspd; mgptpUj;jpAk;> If;fpa ehLfs; epWtdq;fspd; gphpTk;

8. nghUshjhu kw;Wk; nfhs;if Ma;Tg; gphpT

9. eph;thf kw;Wk; epjpg; gphpT

2011Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjk; 31Me;jpfjpad;W ntspehl;L tsq;fspd; jpizf;fsj;jpd; gjtpazpapdhpd; tpguq;fs; fPNoAs;s ml;ltiz 1.1 ,y; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ; ml;ltiz 1.1 2011Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjk; 31Me;jpfjpad;W gjtpazpapdhpd; tpguq;fs ;

gjtpazp mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l gjtpazpapdhpd; vz;zpf;if

jw;NghJs;s gjtpazpapdhpd; vz;zpf;if

ntw;wplq;fs;

gjtp epiy cj;jpNahfj;jh;fs; 48 29 19

Jiz epiy Copah;fs; 64 47 17

rpw;W}opah;fs; 29 26 03 nkhj;jk; 141 102 39

eph;thf kw;Wk; epjpg; gphpTfs; jpizf;fsj;jpd; RKfkhd nraw;ghl;Lf;Fj; Njitahd xj;Jiog;Gr; Nritfis toq;Ffpd;wd. ,r;Nritfs; ngsjPf kw;Wk; kdpj tsq;fspd; Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpNahL ,ize;jdthFk;. tUlhe;jk; jpizf;fsj;jpd; ngsjPf tsq;fs; njhlh;ghf Ma;T nra;ag;gl;L Mtzg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ml;ltiz 1.1,y; fhl;lg;gl;lJ Nghy> 2011Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l gjtpazpapy; 27 rjtPjk; ntw;wplkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. 2011Mk; Mz;bd; tUlhe;j Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ,yf;Ffis miltjpy; jpizf;fsj;Jf;F ,J rthyhf mike;jJ. ,t;ntw;wplq;fs; ,Ue;jhYk; $l> jpizf;fskhdJ 2011Mk; Mz;by; rpwe;j Kiwapy; nrayhw;wpAs;sNjhL> mjp cah; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fisAk;> gfph;TfisAk; mwpf;ifapl;Ls;sJ.



1.2 cj;jpNahfj;jh;fspd; mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; gapw;rp 2011Mk; Mz;by;> cj;jpNahfj;jh;fspd; ,aysT mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; mth;fspd; nraw;jpwid tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf cs;s+h; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fis toq;Ftjd; Clhf kdpj ts mgptpUj;jpapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gq;if tfpj;Js;sJ. Toq;fg;gl;l cs;s+h; kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs; gpd;tUkhW:

ml;ltiz 1.2 cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs;

gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; cj;jpNahfj;jh;fspd; vz;zpf;if

ehl;L nrayhw;Wif kjpg;gPL kw;Wk; nrayhw;Wifia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l xJf;fPL njhlh;ghd gRgpf; my;yhj Mrpa mgptpUj;jp epjpapd; ehLfSf;fhd nraykh;T

01

nghJeytha ehLfspy; cs;s mgptpUj;jp mile;J tUk; ehLfspd; rpNu~;l cj;jpNahfj;jh;fspd; Ngr;R thh;j;ijfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd ,aysit gyg;gLj;JtJ njhlh;ghd nraykh;T

01

cj;jpNahfg+h;t mgptpUj;jp cjtp fzpg;gPl;L nraykh;T

01

[g;ghdpa cj;jpNahfg+h;t mgptpUj;jp cjtpf; fld; khehL

01

gpuhe;jpa nghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; epjp hPjpahd fz;fhzpg;G njhlh;ghd Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; gapw;rp newp

01

cgha hPjpahd Kfhikj;Jtk; njhlh;ghd gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;

01

nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffs; njhlh;ghd khehL 01 mur J}Jt gapw;rp njhlh;ghd nghJeytha gpuhe;jpa epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;

01

epjpj;jpl;lkply; mikr;rpd; gzpahsh;fSf;fhd mur epjp njhlh;ghd epiwNtw;W gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;

02

rh;tNjr tptfhuq;fspy; cs;s cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;fhd mur J}Jth; jpwd;fs; njhlh;ghd gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;

01

fld; Kfhikj;;Jt nrayhw;Wif kjpg;gPl;Lg; gapw;rp Vvg;BrP

01

mgptpUj;jp mile;J tUk; ehLfspd; rh;tNjr nghUshjhu kw;Wk; th;j;jf cj;jpNahfj;jh;fs; njhlh;ghd khehL

01

njd; Mrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; [g;ghdpa cj;jpNahfg++h;t cjtpf; fld;pd; fPohhd gfph;T njhlh;ghd khehL

01

[g;ghdpa cj;jpNahfg+h;t cjtpf; fld; fUj;jpl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Rw;whly; eph;thfk; kw;Wk; r%f mtjhdj;Jf;fhd nrad;Kiw njhlh;ghd nraykh;T

01

Mrpa kw;Wk; INuhg;gpa ehLfSf;fhd rPdhtpd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp njhlh;ghd khehL

01

,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu cghak; njhlh;ghd FOg; gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;

01

mgptpUj;jp mile;J tUk; ehLfspd; cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;fhd rPdhtpd; fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; nghUshjhuk; njhlh;ghd khehL

01

mgptpUj;jp mile;J tUk; ehLfspd; cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;fhd epjp kw;Wk;

01



nghUshjhuk; njhlh;ghd khehL mgptpUj;jp mile;J tUk; ehLfspd; th;j;jf hPjpahd cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;fhd rPd nkhop njhlh;ghd khehL

01

nghJ eytha nrayfj;jpd; %yk; elhj;jg;gl;l fld; ,lh; Kfhikj;Jtk; njhlh;ghd ,yj;jpudpay; fw;if khzth;fSf;fhd CS-DRMS njhlh;ghd khehL

01

fzf;fPl;L tsh;r;rpAk;> epiyahd nrhj;Jf;fspd; vjph;T $wYk;

02

[g;ghdpa nkhop 01 jpizf;fsj;jpd; eph;thf kw;Wk; cjtp mYtyh;fspd; jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd Njitia ,dq;fz;L> 2011Mk; Mz;by; Kfhikj;Jt cjtpr; Nrit kw;Wk; Mjuthd Nritfspd; cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;F Fwp;g;;gplj;jf;f mstpyhd cs;s+h; gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs; toq;fg;gl;ld. gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz mth;fs; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l Jiwfs; njhlh;ghd tpguq;fisr; RUf;fkhff; fhl;Lfpd;wJ;

ml;ltiz 1.3 cjtp cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l cs;S+h; gapw;rp tha;;g;Gf;fs;

gapw;rp toq;fg;gl;l ghlk; gapw;rp mspf;fg;gl;l cj;jpNahfj;jh;fspd;

vz;zpf;if Mq;fpy nkhop 01 jkpo; nkhop 30 ,yj;jpudpay; mQ;ry; kw;Wk; ,izaj;jsk; 01 fzzpg; gapw;rp 05 mYtyf Kfhikj;Jtk; 02 mur epjp Kfhikj;Jtk; 03 Xa;T+jpa nrad;KIw 04 rk;gs khw;wy;fs; 04 ey;yhl;rpAk;> kdpj ts Kfhikj;JtKk; 01 fhhpahya cjtpahshpd; gq;F 03 rhujpg; gapw;rp 10



2.ntspehl;L epjpaspg;G

2.1 ntspehl;L epjpapd; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs;

murhq;fj;jpdhy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l ghhpa mstpyhd cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;F Vw;g> mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fs; kw;Wk; epjp cjtp toq;Fk; epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J toq;fg;gl;l tUlhe;j ntspehl;L epjpapd; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; fle;j rpy Mz;Lfshf gbg;gbahf mjpfhpj;J te;Js;sJ. 2010Mk; Mz;bd; nkhj;j mh;g;gzpg;ghd If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 3>261 kpy;ypad;fSld; xg;gpLifapy;; 2011Mk; Mz;bw;fhd nkhj;j mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 2>076 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. ,J If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;; 1>945 kpy;ypad;fisf; nfhz;l fUj;jpl;lf; fld;fisAk;> If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 131 kpy;ypad;fisf; nfhz;l ed;nfhilfisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

ml;ltiz 2.1 2011,y; ntspehl;L epjp mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; (I.m. nlh. kpy;ypad;fs;)

mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh; fld; ed;nfhil nkhj;jk; ,U gf;f 1,426 32 1,458 rPdh 784.7 - 784.7 ,e;;jpah - 9.1 9.1* [g;ghd; 500.0 23.0 523.0 Fitl; 10.9 - 10.9 gpuhd;]; 45.3 - 45.3 nejh;yhe;J 12.9 - 12.9 kNyrpah 4.0 - 4.0 ngy;[pak; 13.9 - 13.9 ghfp];jhd; - 0.1 0.1 nld;khh;f; 54.2 - 54.2 gy gf;f 473 189 662

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp

369.9 3.9 373.8

cyf tq;fp (rmm) 103.0 5.1 154.0 Vida If;fpa ehLfs; epWtdq;fs;

- 89.9 89.9

ctpm (vg;VX) - 14.6 14.6 Iehmep (Avd;BgP) - 1.3 1.3 I.eh.m.c.]; ( Avd;vr;rPMh;)

- 0.6 0.6

I. eh. rp. ep (Adpnrg;);

- 16.0 16.0

I.eh.if.m.m (Adpnlh)

- 8.8 8.8

ccm (lg;spAvg;gP) - 48.6 48.6 nkhj;jk; 1,945 131 2,076

,e;jpahtpdhy; 2010Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjj;jpy; I.m.nlh. 484 kpy;ypad;fs; mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;lNjhL> 2012Mk; Mz;L [dthp khjj;jpy; I.m.nlh. 382 kpy;ypad;fis mh;g;gzpg;gjw;fhd Vw;ghLfSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd.

%yk; :ntspehl;L tsq;fs; jpizf;fsk

2011Mk; Mz;by; rPdh> [g;ghd;> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp kw;Wk; cyf tq;fp Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; fld;fs; %ykhf fpilf;fg; ngw;w mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs;; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 1>313 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jNjhL> mJ nkhj;j mh;g;gzpg;gpy; 63 rjtPjj;jpidg;; gpujpgypj;jJ. 2011Mk; Mz;L ,yq;ifapdhy; If;fpa mnkhpf;f



nlhyh; 131 kpy;ypad;;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhf ,Ue;jJ. mJ nkhj;j mh;g;gzpg;gpy; 6; rjtPjj;jpidg; gpujpgypj;jNjhL> fle;j Mz;by; fpilf;fg; ngw;w ed;nfhilfis tpl mjpfkhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. fpilf;fg; ngw;w nkhj;j ed;nfhil mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fspy; 69 rjtPjk; If;fpa ehLfs; epWtdq;fspdhNyNa toq;fg;gl;Ls;;sd. 2011Mk; Mz;L [dthp khjk; Kjy; brk;gh; khjk; tiu ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;l cld;gbf;iffspd; tpguq;fs; ,izg;G 1,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. tiuG 2.1: 2011,y; gpujhd mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ntspehl;L epjp mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs;

2.2 mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; ntspehl;L epjpaspg;gpd; Nghf;F

fle;j Ie;J Mz;L fhyg;gphptpid vLj;J Nehf;Fk; NghJ> 2006Mk; Mz;by; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fshf 1>311 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;j tUlhe;j nkhj;j ntspehl;L epjpaspg;gpd;; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; 2010Mk; Mz;by; 3>261 kpy;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fshf gbg;gbahf mjpfhpj;Js;sNjhL> mJ 149 rjtPjj;jpidAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ntspehl;L epjpaspg;gpd; Nrh;f;iffs;> Vw;Wkjpf; fld; epjpaspg;Gfspd; mjpfhpg;gpd; fhuzkhf Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; khw;wkile;Js;sJ. nkhj;j ntspehl;L epjpaspg;gpy; Vw;Wkjpf; fld; trjpfspd; gq;F 2005Mk; Mz;by; 2 rjtPjkhf ,Ue;J 2010Mk; Mz;by; 40 rjtPjkhf mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. 2010Mk; Mz;by; fzprkhd mstpyhd ntspehl;L cjtpahdJ nghUshjhu cl;fl;likg;Gf; fUj;jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;JtjidNa ikakhff;; nfhz;bUe;jJ. MapDk;> 2010Mk;; Mz;bd; rfy tpjkhd epjpaspg;Gf;;fSlDk; xg;gpl;L Nehf;Fk; NghJ> xU rpy gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;likapdhy; 2011Mk; Mz;by; Xustpw;Ff; Fiwtile;Js;sJ. tiuG 2.2: ntspehl;L epjp mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; 2005 -2011 (I.m.nlh.kpy;ypad;fs;)

784.7

523.0

373.8

108.1

89.9

54.2

45.3

50.90

0 200 400 600 800

rPdh

[g;ghd;

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp

cyf tq;fp

I. eh. epWtdq;fs;

nld;khh;f;

gpuhd;];

Vidait

Imnlh. kpy;ypad;

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

I.m.nlh. kpy;ypad;

,U gf;f gy gf;f Vw;Wkjpf; fld;fs; nkhj;jk; tUlk;



2010Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; gpujhdkhf nghUshjhu cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;likapdhy;> xU rpy; gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf> 2010Mk; Mz;Lld; xg;;gpLifapy; 2011Mk; Mz;by; rfy tifahd mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fspYk; rpwpa xU tPo;r;rp fhzg;gl;lJ.

2.3 ntspehl;L epjpapd; gfph;Tfs; 2011Mk; Mz;by; ntspehl;L epjpaspg;gpd; gfph;Tfspd; nkhj;jg; ngWkjp; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 1>901 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jJ. ,j;njhifapy;> 91 rjtPjkhdit mjhtJ If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 1>731 kpy;ypad;fs; fUj;jpl;lf; fld;fspd; ClhfNt gfpug;gl;Ls;sd. kPjp 9 rjtPjkhdit> mjhtJ If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 170 kpy;ypad;fs; ed;nfhilfspd; ClhfNt gfpug;gl;Ls;sd. 2011Mk; Mz;by;> nkhj;jg; gfph;tpy; 58 rjtPjkhdit > [g;ghd;> rPdh> kw;Wk; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp Mfpatw;wpdhy; epjp cjtp toq;fg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; ClhfNt mwpf;ifaplg;gl;ld. 2011Mk; Mz;by; [g;ghdpa epjpaspg;Gld; njhlh;Gila nkhj;j epjpg; gfph;T If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 377 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jJ. ,j;njhifapy; 351 kpy;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fs; fld;fspd; Clhf gfpug;gl;bUe;jNjhL>; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 26 kpy;ypad;fs; ed;nfhilfspd; Clhf gfpug;gl;bUe;jd. cah; nfhj;kiy ePh; kpd;rhuf; fUj;jpl;lk;; (If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 80 kpy;ypad;fs;;)>

ghhpa nfhOk;G efug; Nghf;Ftuj;J mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; fl;lk; 2(I) ( If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 66 kpy;ypad;fs;;)> ghhpa nfhOk;G Nghf;Ftuj;J mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; ( If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 44 kpy;ypad;fs;;)> mtru ,aw;if mdh;j;j Gdh; tho;Tf; fUj;jpl;lk; ( If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 42 kpy;ypad;fs;;)> MfpadNt 2011Mk; Mz;by; cah;thd gfph;Tfis mwpf;ifapl;l [g;ghdpa epjp cjtp toq;fg;gl;l gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fshFk;. tiuG 2.3: gpujhd mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fs; thhpahd gfph;Tfspd; Nrh;f;iffs; - 2011

If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 317.3 kpy;ypad;fs; rPd cjtpapd; gfph;tpdhy; gad;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fshf (m) Kd;Dhpik mspf;fg;gl;l tPjpfspd; tpUj;jp kw;Wk; Gdh; eph;khzf; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; ( If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fs; 60.5 kpy;ypad;fs;;)> (M)

nfhOk;G – fl;Lehaf;fh fLfjpg;ghij fUj;jpl;lk; (; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 53 kpy;ypad;fs;)> kw;Wk; (,) tlf;F tPjpfspd; Gdh; eph;khzf; fUj;jpl;lk; (; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 91 kpy;ypad;fs;) Nghd;wd tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

rPdh17%

[g;ghd;20%

,e;jpah11%

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp

tq;fp15%

cyf tq;fp12%

I. eh/ epWtdq;fs;

5%

nld;khh;f;2%

Vidait18%



2011Mk; Mz;by;> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp 289 kpy;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fisg; gfph;e;Js;sNjhL> mj;njhifapy; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 269 kpy;ypad;fs;; fld;fspd; ClhfTk; kw;Wk; kPjpj; njhifahd If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 20 kpy;ypad;fs; ed;nfhilfspd; ClhfTk; gfpug;gl;Ls;sd. nghJthf cah;e;j mstpyhd gfph;Tfs; nfhOk;Gj; JiwKf tphpthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk; ( If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 77 kpy;ypad;fs;;)> Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs; Jiwf; fUj;jpl;lk; (If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 42 kpy;ypad;fs;;)> fpof;F kw;Wk; tl Nky; khfhz tPjpf; fUj;jpl;lk; ( If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 21 kpy;ypad;fs;;)> kw;Wk; tlf;F tPjp ,izg;Gf; fUj;jpl;lk; (If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 25 kpy;ypad;fs;) Mfpatw;wpd; %yNk mwpf;ifaplg;gl;Ls;sd.

2.4 ntspehl;L epjpapd; gad;ghl;L tpfpjk;

ntspehl;L epjpapd; gad;ghl;L tpfpjk; my;yJ ntspehl;L epjpapd; gfph;T tpfpjkhdJ ntspehl;L mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fs; kw;Wk; epjp cjtp toq;Fk; epWtdq;fspdhy; mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l ntspehl;L epjpapd; tpidj; jpwdhd gad;ghl;bidf; Rl;bf;; fhl;LfpwJ. mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;L gfpug;glhj kPjpf;fhd nkhj;jg; gfph;tpidg; gpujpgypf;Fk; gad;ghl;L tpfpjk; fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; ruhrhp MAspy; jq;fpAs;sJ. ntspehl;L epjpaplg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; ruhrhp fhyg;gphpT 4 - 5 tUlq;fSf;F ,ilg;gl;ljhd fhyg;gphpthf cs;sjdhy; nkhj;j gad;ghl;L tpfpjj;jpd; jpUg;jpfukhd kl;lk; 20 rjtPjj;Jf;Fk;> 30 rjtPjj;Jf;Fk;> ,ilg;gl;ljhfNt ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. fle;j Ie;J tUl fhyg;gphptpy; ntspehl;L epjpapd; gad;ghL mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; gad;ghl;L tpfpjj;ijg; nghUj;jtiuapy;> Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l fUj;jpl;l Kfhikj;Jtk;> rpwe;j fhRg;gha;r;ry; Vw;ghLfs;> kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fspd; Clhf cl;fl;likg;Gf; fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; epjpaspg;gpy;; epjpf;fhd ,ilntspf;Fj; jPh;T fhz;gjw;F ntspehl;L re;ijg; ngWiffisg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; fhuzj;jpdhYk; 2005Mk; Mz;bypUe;J njhlh;r;rpahf mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.

ml;ltiz 2.2 xt;nthU mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fSf;Fkhd gad;ghl;L tpfpjk;

fld; cjtp toq;FNthUk;> ed;nfhilahsh;fSk;

2009 2010 2011

,U gf;f 22.4 27.4 20.39

[g;ghd; 19.2 19.9 19.57

rPdh 38.3 46.7 18.59

N[h;kd; 15.4 18.2 14.6

gpuhd;]; 18.4 42.1 42.63

,e;jpah 20.6 10.4 82.21

nfhhpah 6.7 23 15.97

Fitl; 13.7 10.6 12.43

nld;khh;f; 45.1 42.4 58.60

rT+jp 31.2 5 1.12

If;fpa mnkhpf;fh 11.6 25.1 27.52

Vidait 29.5 0.2 11.15

gy gf;f 30.4 21.8 25.66

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp 21.2 23.8 20.07

cyf tq;fp 40.9 20.3 31.54

INuhg;gpa xd;wpak; 29.4 15.5 30.87

If;fpa ehLfs; epWtdq;fs; 67.6 16.4 51.36

Vidait 13.3 21.3 4.91 nkhj;jk; 25.9 25.7 21.84



2.5 mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;L gfpug;glhj kPjp 2011Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjstpy; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;F fpilf;ff; $bajhf ,Ue;j ntspehl;L epjpapy; mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;;L gfpug;glhj kPjp If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 7>327 kpy;ypad;;fshf ,Ue;jJ. mJ tPjpfs;> Nghf;Ftuj;J> kw;Wk; rf;jpAk; tYTk; JiwfSf;F mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l epjpahf ,Ue;jNjhL> mJ nkhj;j epjpapy; 45; rjtPjj;jpidAk; gpujpgypj;jJ. ml;ltiz 2.2 Jiw thhpahf 2011Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjk; 31Me; jpfjpf;fhd mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;L gfpug;glhj kPjpapidr; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ml;ltiz 2.3 2011Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjk; 31Me; jpfjpf;fhd mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;L gfpug;glhj kPjp (mgkP) (I. m.nlh kpy;ypad;)

nghUshjhuj; Jiw mgkP P nkhj;jj; njhifapy; %

tPjpfSk;> Nghf;Ftuj;Jk; 3,227.0 44.0 JiwKfq;fSk;> tpkhd epiya mgptpUj;jpAk; 298.8 4.1 ePh; toq;fYk;> Jg;guthf;fYk; 843.3 11.5 Rdhkp GdUj;jhuzk; 58.8 0.8 Nkhjy;fspdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspd; GdUj;jhuz eltbf;iffs;

229.8 3.1

Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp> kw;Wk; njhopy; rhh; gapw;rp 105.2 1.4 rf;jpAk; tYTk; 1,078.0 14.7 jdpahh; Jiw mgptpUj;jp 32.3 0.4 tptrhak;> kPd;gpb> ePh;g;ghrdk;> kw;Wk; fhzp 662.6 9.0 fpuhkpa mgptpUj;jp 48.5 0.7 Rw;whlYk;> ,aw;if tsq;;fSk; 97.4 1.3 jfty; njhopy;El;gKk;> tpQ;QhdKk;> njhopy;El;gKk; 15.2 0.2 epWtd hPjpahd mgptpUj;jp 105.6 1.4 Vidait 524.7 7.2 nkhj;jk; 7,327.2 100

2.6 ntspehl;Lf; fld;

2011Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; fld;fisAk;> rh;tNjr gpiz toq;fy;fisAk; cs;slf;fpapUe;j murhq;fj;jpd; jpul;lg;gl;l ntspehl;Lf; fld; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 18.6 gpy;ypad;fshFk;. ,J 2010Mk; Mz;bd; fld; ifapUg;Gld; xg;gpLifapy; 2011Mk; Mz;by; mJ 13 rjtPjj;jpdhy; ( If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 2.2 kpy;ypad;fs;) mjpfhpj;jpUe;jJ. nkhj;jf; fld; ifapUg;gpy;> 37 rjtPjkhdit ,U gf;f ed;nfhilahsh;fSf;Fr; nrYj;j Ntz;bapUe;j mNj Ntis> Vidait 34 rjtPjKk;;> 16 rjtPjKk; KiwNa gy gf;f ed;nfhilahsh;fSf;Fk;> kw;Wk; th;j;jf hPjpahf fld; toq;Fk; epWtdq;fSf;Fk; nrYj;j Ntz;bapUe;jJ. kPjp 12 rjtPjKk; Vw;Wkjpf; fld; epWtdq;fSf;Fr; nrYj;j Ntz;bapUe;jJ.



tiuG 2.4: mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fSf;F nrYj;j Ntz;ba fld;fs; -2011

2.7 ntspehl;Lf; fld; Nritf; nfhLg;gdT

mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jy;> rh;tNjr Kwpfis toq;Fjy; Nghd;wtw;wpw;fhd ntspehl;L epjpaspg;gpd;; gad;ghl;bid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L 2011Mk; Mz;by; nkhj;jf; ntspehl;Lf; fld; Nritf; nfhLg;gdT 987.5 kpy;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fshf ,Ue;jJ. ,J mbg;gilj; njhifahd 629.6 kpy;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fisAk; tl;bf; nfhLg;gdTfshd 357.9 kpy;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fisAk; cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ.

tiuG 2.6 - fld; nfhLj;Njhh; tifaPl;L thhpahd fld; Nritf; nfhLg;gdT - 2011 (I.m. nlh. kpy;ypad;fs;)

1% 1% 2%2%

3%

12%

30%

0%1%1%

17%

22%

8%

gpuhd;]; nfhhpahIf;fpa mnkhpf;fh ,e;jpahN[h;;kdp rPdh[g;ghd; th;j;jf nld;khh;f If;fpa ,uhr;rpak;rh;tNjr mgptpUj;jp mikg;G Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpVidait

,U gf;f gy gf;f Vw;Wkjpf; fld;fs;

th;j;jff; fld;fs;

471

272

119 125



ehl;L gq;Nfw;G cghak;; 2012-2016

3. gphpTfs; %ykhd nrayhw;Wif

3.1 Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpg; gphpT

3.1.1 ,yq;ifapd; mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fSs; xUtuhf Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpahdJ gy; Nehf;F mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fSs; kpfg; gpujhd gq;fhsuhf tpsq;FtNjhL> mt;tq;fp 45 tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf ,yq;ifAld; tpidj;jpwdhd cwT Kiwapidg; Ngzp te;Js;sJ. 1966Mk; Mz;by; ,t;tq;fp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l fhyj;jpypUe;J> ,t;tq;fpahdJ 157 fld;fspd; Clhf 5.3 kpy;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fisAk;> 245 njhopy;El;g cjtp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fspd; Clhf 115 kpy;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fisAk; ,yq;iff;F toq;fpAs;sJ. ,yq;if jw;NghJ Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapypUe;J tUlhe;jk;; Rkhhh;; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 300 kpy;ypad;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wJ. mJ nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; 0.7 – 0.8 rjtPjkhf cs;sJ.

2012 – 2016Mk; mz;LfSf;fhd eLj;ju fhy ehl;L gq;Nfw;G cghakhdJ ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpdJk;> Mrpa mgptpU;jjp tq;fpapdJk; gq;Nfw;Gld; 2011Mk; Mz;by;

mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;lJ. mJ gpujhdkhf (i) g+uz kw;Wk; epiyahd nghUshjhu

tsh;r;rp (ii) ) jdpahh; KjyPl;bid Cf;Ftpj;jYk;> nghJ KjyPl;bd; tpidj; jpwid

mjpfhpj;jYk; (iii) kdpj ts kw;Wk; mwpT mgptpUj;jp Mfpa Jiwfspd; kPJ ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. mjd; gpufhuk;> tPjpfs;> Nghf;Ftuj;J> ePh; toq;fYk;> Jg;Guthf;fYk; kw;Wk; rf;jp Nghd;w Jiwfs; cs;slq;fshf cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpf;fhd njhlh;r;rpahd Mjuit ,J cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,jw;Ff;; fhuzk; Jhpjg;gLj;jg;gl;l nghUshjhuj;jpd; tpisthf Vw;gl;l mt;thwhd NritfSf;fhd cah;e;j mstpyhd Nfs;tpiag; g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;F ,j;Jiwfspd; mgptpUj;jp kpf ,d;wpaikahjjhf ,Ue;jikNaahFk;. ,jd; gpufhuk;> ,yq;if rYif mbg;gilapyhdJk;> kw;Wk; rYif mw;w ,Wf;fkhd tl;b tPjq;fspd; fPo; tUlhe;jk;

Rkhh; I. m. nlh. 300 kpy;ypad;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;. 2012 – 2014Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gphptpw;F xJf;fg;gl;l nkhj;jj; njhifahd I.m.nlh. 900 kpy;ypad;fspy; fzprkhd mstpyhd gFjp Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; rf;jpj; JiwfSf;Nf gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

NkYk;> 2011Mk; Mz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; epfo;e;j gyj;j nts;sj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd;; tho;thjhuj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd mtru cjtpnahd;whf 2011Mk; Mz;by; ,yq;if Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; Mrpa gRgpf; mdh;j;jj;jpw;fhd gjpy; epjpapypUe;J If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 3 kpy;ypad;fis ,yq;if ed;nfhil cjtpahfg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ed;nfhilapd; fPo; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l epjp> ,t;nts;s mdh;j;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l mk;ghiw> mDuhjGuk;> nghyd;dWit> khtl;lq;fspy; epthuz Ntiyfs; kw;Wk; tho;thjhu tpUj;jpf;Fg; g+uzkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.



3.1.2 2011Mk; Mz;by; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fSk;> gfph;TfSk;

2011Mk; Mz;by; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nkhj;j mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs;;. If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 382.6 kpy;ypad;fshFk;;. ,t;th;g;gzpg;Gf;fs;; rf;jpAk; tYTk; Jiwf;fhd I.m.nlh. 120 kpy;ypad;fisAk;> ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy; Jiwf;fhd If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 85 kpy;ypad;fisAk;> Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiwf;fhd If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 117.6 kpy;ypad;fisAk;> gpuhe;jpa mgptpUj;jpj; Jiwf;fhd If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 70 kpy;ypad;fisAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. tiuG 3.1 2011Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjk; 31Me; jpfjpad;W Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; Jiw hPjpahd fld; njhFjpia tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. tiuG 3.1 Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; fld;fspd; Jiw hPjpahd gfph;T / I.m.nlh. kpy;ypad;fs;

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; jw;Nghija fld; njhFjp 37 fld;fisAk;> 6 ed;nfhilfisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. ,f;fld;fspd; fPohd 2011Mk; Mz;bd; nkhj;jg; gfph;T I.m.nlh. 289>337>069.43 MFk;.

tiuG 3.2 - Jiw thhpahd gfph;T 2011/ I.m.nlh. kpy;ypad;fs;

3.1.3 2011Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L te;j gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

2011Mk; Mz;by; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; epjp cjtpapd; fPo; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L te;j gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; gl;baiy ml;ltiz 3.1 fhl;LfpwJ.

0 200 400 600 800 1000

kpd;rf;jpAk; tYTk;

fy;tp

tPjp/JiwKfk;/Nghf;Ftuj;J

gpuhe;jpa mgptpUj;jp

ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy;

ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; epjp

4%

8%68%

9% 6%5%

kpd;rf;jpAk; tYTk;

fy;tp

tPjp/JiwKfk;/Nghf;Ftuj;Jgpuhe;jpa mgptpUj;jp

ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy;



ml;ltiz 3.1 2011Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

3.1.4 2011Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; RUf;fkhd tpguk;

epiyahd rf;jpj; Jiw MjuTf; fUj;jpl;lk; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapypUe;J fpilf;fg; ngw;w nkhj;jf; fld; epjp> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp epjpapd; I.m.nlh. 10 kpy;ypad; flndhd;iwAk;> rhjhuz %yjd tsq;fspd; I. m. nlh. 110 kpy;ypad; fld;fisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j KjyPl;Lr; nryT I.m.nlh. 162.03 kpy;ypad;fshfTk;> murhq;fg; gq;fspg;G I.m.nlh. 42.03 kpy;ypad;fshfTk; cs;sJ.

epiyahd rf;jpj; Jiw MjuTf; fUj;jpl;lk;> ,yq;ifapy; rkdpiyg;gLj;jg;gl;l epiyahd nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpf;Fk;> epahakhd> NghJkhd> jhq;ff; $ba rf;jp toq;fYf;Fk;; tpNrlkhf fpof;F> tl kj;jpa> njw;F> kw;Wk; Cth khfhzq;fspy; kpd; ,izg;Gf;fis mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk; gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; 113 gpd; jq;fpa fpuhkq;fspd; Rkhh; 12>190 FLk;gq;fSf;F kpd; rf;jpia toq;Ftjw;fhd 486 fpuhkpa kpd;rhukakhf;fy; jpl;lq;fis cs;slf;fpa tpepNahf Kiwikfis tpUj;jp nra;Ak; mNj Ntis> fhyp> nghyd;dWit> tTdhjPT kw;Wk; nkhduhfiy Mfpa ,lq;fspy; cg epiyaq;fis eph;khzpf;Fk; NtiyfSk;> kw;Wk; mk;gyhq;nfhilapy; ,Ue;;J fhyp> kfpaq;fidapy; ,Ue;J tTdhjPT> nkhduhfiyapy; ,Ue;J nkjfik tiuapyhd ghpkhw;w thpirfs; cUthf;fg;gLk;.

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ngah; njhif I.m.nlh. kp

nfhOk;Gj; JiwKf tphpthf;ff; fUj;jpl;lk; 300 njw;Fg; Nghf;Ftuj;J mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; 180 J}a rf;jpAk;> milT tpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; 160 tlf;F tPjp ,izg;Gf; fUj;jpl;lk; 154 Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs; Jiwf; fUj;jpl;lk; 150 ,uz;lhe;ju efuq;fspd; fpuhkpa r%fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk;

120

Nkhjypdhy; ghjpf;fg;;gl;l gpuhe;jpa mtru fUj;jpl;lk; 150 epiyahd rf;jpj; Jiw MjuTf; fUj;jpl;lk; 120 ghhpa nfhOk;G fopT ePh; Kfhikj;Jtf; fUj;jpl;lk; 100 aho;g;ghzk; kw;Wk; fpspnehr;rp ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk;

90

Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs; Jiwf; fUj;jpl;lk; - v];vg; 85 fpof;F kw;Wk; tl kj;jpa khfhz tPjpf; fUj;jpl;lk; 70 mwpT rhh;e;j r%fj;Jf;fhd fy;tpf; fUj;jpl;lk; 62 cyh; tya efu ePh; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk; 60 murpiw Kfhikj;Jt tpidj; jpwd; fUj;jpl;lk; 50 Gu neFk fUj;jpl;lk; 50

,uz;lhe;ju fy;tp etPdkag;gLj;jy; fUj;jpl;lk; – II 36 %J}h; ePh; toq;fy; fUj;jpl;lk; 17

tl fpof;F r%f kPsilT kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; II – 12



aho;g;ghzk; kw;Wk; fpspnehr;rp ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk;

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j KjyPl;Lr; nryT I.m.nlh. 164.04 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; gq;fspg;G Mrpa mgptpUj;jp epjpapd; v];BMh; 44>286>000 (I.m.nlh. 70 kpy;ypad;) flndhd;iwAk;> rhjhuz %yjd tsq;fspd; I. m. nlh. 20 kpy;ypad; fld;fisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. V[d;]; gpud;ir]; B btyg;kd;l; xg; gpuhd;]; ePh; toq;fy; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; cg Nrh;f;iff;F gFjp epjpahf a+Nuh 35 kpy;ypad;fis (I.m.nlh. 48 kpy;ypad;) toq;Ftjw;Fk;> tbtikg;gjw;Fk; Nkw;ghh;it nra;;tjw;Fkhd MNyhrid NritfSf;Fk; Mjutspj;Js;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;fhd murhq;fg; gq;fspg;G I.m.nlh. 26.04 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpid 2017Mk; Mz;L ngg;uthp khjk; 14Me;jpfjp g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk;> aho;g;ghzk; kw;Wk; fpspnehr;rp khtl;lq;fspy; ePh; toq;fiy tpUj;jp nra;tJk;> kw;Wk; aho;g;ghz khefu rigg; gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; tjpthsh;fSf;fhd Jg;Guthf;fy; cl;fl;likg;Gfis toq;FtJk;> kw;Wk; aho;g;ghz jPg fw;gj;jpy; ePh; tsq;fs; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpid gyg;gLj;JtJNkahFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; aho;g;ghzk; kw;Wk; fpspnehr;rp khtl;lq;fspy; (300>000 kf;fs;) 60>000 Gjpa ePh; ,izg;Gf;fis toq;FtNjhL> aho;g;ghz khefu rig; gpuNjrj;jpy; 20>000 FLk;gq;fs; (80>000 egh;fs;) tbfhyikg;G tiyaikg;Gf;F ,izffg;gLk;.

%J}h; ePh; toq;fy; fUj;jpl;lk;;

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j kjpg;gplg;gl;l nryT I.m.nlh. 19.6 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp I.m.nlh. 17.6 kpy;ypad;fSf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;JtNjhL> ,yq;if murhq;fk; I.m.nlh. 2.0 kpy;ypad;fSf;F gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; ,uz;lhe;ju efuq;fspd; fpuhkpa r%fj;jpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ePh; toq;fy; Jg;Guthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;fhd Fiw epug;nghd;whf eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk; %J}h; ePh; Kfhikj;Jtg; nghwpia eph;khzpg;gjhFk;.

Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs; Jiw fUj;jpl;lk; - Nkyjpf epjpaspg;G

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp 2011Mk; Mz;bw;F Kd; itf;fg;gl;l Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs; Jiwf; fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;F $l;L epug;G epjpaspg;Gf; fldhf I.m.nlh. 85 kpy;ypad;fis toq;Ftjw;Fj; jPh;khdpj;Js;sJ.

Njrpa neLq;rhiyfs; Jiwf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nkyjpf epjpaspg;G njw;Ff; fLfjpg; ghijapd; gpujhd MW ,izg;G tPjpfshd khj;jiw - mf;Fw];i] (3.40 fp.kP)>

`pf;fLit – gj;Njfik (14.34 fp.kP)> n`huiz – mq;FYtj;njhl;il – mYj;fik

(3.48 fp.kP)> fl;LFWe;ijapy; ,Ue;J eilghil (2.72 fp.kP)> fpUyg;gid –

nfhlfik (5.33 fp.kP)> kw;Wk; nfhOk;G – n`huiz Mfpadtw;wpd; Gdh; eph;khz NtiyfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. mj;NjhL> ,uz;lhe;ju efuq;fspd; r%fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ePh; toq;fy; Jg;Guthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ngwg;gl;l Nkyjpf epjpAld; %J}h; ePh; toq;fy; jpl;lk; g+uzkhfg; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gLk;.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; jhf;fk; tPjpj; Jiwapd; tpUj;jpAw;w nrayhw;wKk;> tpidj;jpwDkhFk;. Nghf;Ftuj;J Nritfisg; gad;gLj;Jk; Vida nghUshjhu eltbf;iffspd; tphpthd xU ghpkhzKk;> ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ngWNgWfspy; ,Ue;J ed;ikfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;. njw;Ff;; fLfjpg; ghijf;fhd ,yFthd milT

efuq;fspy; ,Ue;J nfhOk;G> fhyp/ khj;jiwf;fhd Neuj;ijf; Fiwf;fpd;wJ. nghUshjhu tha;g;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; NritfSf;fhd tpUj;jpAw;w milthdJ tWik xopg;Gf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jk;.



tlf;F tPjp ,izg;Gf; fUj;jpl;lk;

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j KjyPl;Lr; nryT I.m.nlh. 173 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; gq;fspg;G> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp epjpapd; I. m. nlh. 24.4 kpy;ypad; flndhd;iwAk;> rhjhuz %yjd tsq;fspd; I. m. nlh. 130 kpy;ypad; flndhd;iwAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. murhq;fj;jpd; gq;fspg;G I. m. nlh. 18.6 kpy;ypad;fshFk;.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk;> tl khfhzj;jpw;Fs;Sk;> tl khfhzj;jpw;Fk;> njd; gpuhe;jpaj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapYk; tPjp ,izg;gpid tpUj;jp nra;tjhFk;.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; cs;slf;fg;gLk; eltbf;iffshtd; tl khfhzj;jpy; 108 fp. kP. IAk;> tl kj;jpa khfhzj;jpy; 62 fp. kP. IAk;> cs;slf;fpa Rkhh; 170 fp. kP Njrpa neLQ;rhiyia Gdh; eph;khzk; nra;jYk;> tpUj;jp nra;jYk;> tl khfhzj;jpy; njhpT nra;ag;gl;l ghyq;fspd; Gdh; eph;khzk; my;yJ khw;wPLldhd Rkhh; 140 fp. kP khfhz tPjpfis Gdh; eph;khzk; nra;jYk;> kw;Wk; tl khfhz tPjp mgptpUj;jpj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; mYtyfj;ij tpUj;jp nra;jYkhFk;.

Gu neFk fUj;jpl;lk;

thp tpjpg;gpid ,yFgLj;jy;> mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; toq;Fjy;> kw;Wk; ntspg;gilahd mDkjp Kiwikfs; njhlh;ghd Gjpa Kiwikfis epWtdkag;gLj;JtJ njhlh;ghf ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; ftdQ; nrYj;Jk;; mNj Ntis> cs;s+uhl;rp kd;wq;fs; ,k;Kiwikfis rpwe;j Kiwapy; ifahsf; $ba tifapy; mtw;wpd;; ,aystpid Nkk;gLj;jy; Nghd;wdthFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; njhpT nra;ag;gl;l 100 cs;s+uhl;rp kd;wq;fspd; ePh; toq;fYk>; Jg;Guthf;fYk;> (fopT ePPh; cl;gl) tbfhyikg;G> jpz;kf; fopT Kfhikj;Jtk;> tPjpfSk;> ghyq;fSk;> (jhkjpf;fg;gl;l ghyq;fs; cl;gl)> jha;khh; kw;Wk; Rfhjhu epiyaq;fis tpUj;jp nra;jy; Nghd;w cs;s+uhl;rp trjpfisAk;> nghJr; re;ijfs; Nghd;w Vida cs;s+uhl;rp cl;fl;likg;G trjpfisAk tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F; %yjd ed;nfhilfs; toq;fg;gLk;.

murpiw Kfhikj;Jt tpidj; jpwd; fUj;jpl;lk;

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j KjyPl;Lr; nryT I.m.nlh. 60 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; gq;fspg;G> rhjhuz %yjd tsq;fspd; I. m. nlh. 50 kpy;ypad; flndhd;iwAk;. I. m. nlh. 10 kpy;ypad; murhq;fj;jpd; gq;fspg;igAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. NkYk;> [g;ghdpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; epjp toq;fg;gLk; mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapdhy; eph;tfpf;fg;gLk; [g;ghdpa tpNrl epjpapy; ,Ue;J ed;nfhil mbg;gilapy; I. m. nlh. 2 kpy;ypad;fisf; nfhz;l njhopy;El;g cjtpnahd;Wk; toq;fg;gLk;.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk;> mur ts Kfhikj;Jt Kiwapy; murhq;f epjpapd; ,ilntspiaAk; tpidj; jpwidAk; tpUj;jp nra;jyhFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk;> thp eph;thfk;> tUkhd Kfhikj;Jtk;> mur epjp Kfhikj;Jtk;> Nghd;wtw;iw tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk;> ,uz;L Kfhikj;Jt jfty; Kiwikfis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjd; Clhf njhlh;Gila jpizf;fsq;fspd; kdpj tsq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;> tUkhd eph;thf Kfhikj;Jt jfty; Kiwik kw;Wk; xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l jpiwNrhp Kfhikj;Jt jfty; KiwikapidAk; tpUj;jp nra;jy; Nghd;wdtw;wp;w;F Mjutspf;Fk;.



Jha rf;jp kw;Wk; milTf;fhd tpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk;

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j KjyPl;Lr; nryT I.m.nlh. 188.2 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; gq;fspg;G> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp epjpapd; I. m. nlh. 25 kpy;ypad; flndhd;iwAk;> rhjhuz %yjd tsq;fspd; I. m. nlh. 135 kpy;ypad; flndhd;iwAk;> fhyepiy khw;w epjpapy; ,Ue;jhd I. m. nlh. 4.2 kpy;ypad;fisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. murhq;fj;jpd; gq;fspg;G I. m. nlh. 24.0 kpy;ypad;fshFk;.

,yq;ifapd; rf;jp ghpkhw;wq;fspdJk;> kw;Wk; tpepNahf tiyaikg;gpidAk;> tpUj;jp nra;tjd; Clhf ,yq;if kpd;rhu rig> kw;Wk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l jdpahh; yq;fh kpd;rhuf; fk;gdpapdJk; cs;slf;fj;ijAk;> Nrit tpidj; jpwd;fisAk; tpUj;jp nra;tjd; %yk; jhq;ff; $baJk;> kw;Wk; jq;fpapUf;ff; $ba rf;jp epuk;giy ,dq;fhz;gjw;F ,f;fld; Mjutspf;Fk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; cs;slf;fg;gl;l eltbf;iffshf> Kiwikf; fl;Lg;ghl;bid etPdkag;gLj;jy;> ghpkhw;w Kiwikapid gyg;gLj;jy;> tpepNahf cg epiyaq;fis mjpfhpj;jy;> khefu tPjp tpsf;fplYf;fhd Nfs;tp rhh; Kfhikj;Jtk;> Gj;Jap&l;lf; $ba rf;jp fUj;jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; fpuhkpa FLk;gq;fspd; ,izg;Gf;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpw;fhd tiyaikg;G nfhs;ssT mjpfhpg;G Nghd;wd tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

fpof;F kw;Wk; tl kj;jpa khfhz tPjpf; fUj;jpl;lk;

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j KjyPl;Lr; nryT I.m.nlh. 78 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. mjpy; I. m. nlh. 70 Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd;hy; toq;fg;gLk;. vQ;rpa I. m. nlh. 6 kpy;ypad;fSk; thp kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlh;ghd nryTfis g+h;hj;jp nra;tjw;F murhq;fj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk;. NkYk;> fpof;F kw;Wk; tl kj;jpa khfhzq;fspd; khfhz tPjp epWtdq;fspd; epWtd hPjpahd mgptpUj;jpf;fhf I. m.nlh. 800>000 ed;nfhilapid toq;Ftjw;F Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp ,zf;fk; njhptpj;Js;s mNj Ntis> murhq;fk; I. m. nlh. 150>000f;Fr; rkdhd njhiff;Fg; gq;gfspg;Gr; nrYj;Jk;.

fpof;F kw;Wk; tl kj;jpa khfhzq;fspd; Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiwikapid tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Nehf;Fld; ,f;fld; epjpahdJ> fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; cs;s 150 fp. kP. ePskhd khfhz tPjpfisAk;> tl kj;jpa khfhzj;jpy; cs;s 220 fp. kP ePakhd khfhz tPjpfisAk; GdUj;jhuzk; nra;tjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. Kd; nkhopag;gl;l ,g;GdUj;jhuz Ntiyfs;> eil ghij> ghyq;fs;> tbfhyikg;G kw;Wk; Kd; nkhopag;gl;Ls;s tPjpfspd; krFfis khw;wPL nra;tjidAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.

cs;s+h; cl;fl;likg;G tpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk;

,yq;ifapd; cs;s+uhl;rp kd;wg; gpuNjrq;fspy; tsh;r;rp tha;g;Gf;fis tpUj;jp nra;jy; kw;Wk;;> tWikapidf; Fiwj;jy; Mfpa eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fj;Jld; cs;s+uhl;rp kd;wq;fspd; cl;fl;likg;G tpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf I. m. nlh. 50 kpy;ypad; epjp cjtpapid Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp toq;fpAs;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;jr; nryT I.m.nlh. 78

kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ug;gNjhL> ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fhyg;gphpT 2006 – 2012 tiuapyhFk;.

,f;fUj;jpl;lk;> cs;s+uhl;rp kd;wq;fspy; efu cl;fl;likg;G trjpfisAk; kw;Wk; mbg;gil efu NritfisAk; ( ePh; toq;fy;> efu tPjpfs;> efu tbfhyikg;G kw;Wk; epyf;fPo; fopT> jpz;kf; fopT Kfhikj;Jtk;> mbg;gil Rfhjhu epiyaq;fs; Nghd;w rpwpa mstpyhd r%f cl;fikg;G Nghd;wd) tpUj;jp nra;jy;> juKah;j;jy;> kw;Wk; tphptilar; nra;jy; Nghd;w eltbf;iffspy; <LgLfpd;wJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk ;> mur> khfhz> kw;Wk; efu Kfhikj;Jt kw;Wk; rfy NritfisAk;; toq;fy; Nghd;wtw;wpy; <Lgl;Ls;s cs;s+uhl;rp epWtdq;fspd; epWtd hPjpahd ,aysit fl;bnaOg;Gtjid gyg;gLj;JtjpYk; <LgLtNjhL> ehzag; nghUshsh;fspd;



gq;Nfw;gpd; Clhf mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l tWik xopg;G Kd;ndLg;Gf;fspYk; <LgLfpd;wJ.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; eilKiwg;gLj;Jk;; fhyg;gphptpd; NghJ> ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; cs;s+uhl;rp kd;wq;fSf;F cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lkply;> kw;Wk; epjp Kfhikj;Jt MjuitAk; mspg;gNjhL> khfhz rigfSf;F fUj;jpl;l mgptpuj;jp cjtp MjuitAk;> kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L fld;fspd; mgptpUj;jp epjpapidg; gyg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; MjuT toq;Fk;.

Nkhjypdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuhe;jpa mtru fUj;jpl;lk; (CARE) Project 3 Mz;L fhyg;gphptpy; mjhtJ 2013Mk; Mz;by; KbTWj;Jtjw;F gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;s Nkhjypdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuhe;jpa mtru fUj;jpl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F I. m. nlh. 150 kpy;ypad;fis Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp Kjypl;Ls;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;jr; nryT I.m.nlh. 168 kpy;ypad;fshf kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sNjhL> murhq;fj;jpd; gq;fspg;G I. m. nlh. 18 kpy;ypad;fshFk;.

,g;gy;Jiwf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk;> ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; nghUshjhu kPsilTf;F Mjutspg;gjd; %yk; tlf;Fg; gpuNjrj;jpy; mj;jpahtrpakhd nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f cl;fl;likg;Gf;fis mtrukhfj; Njitg;gLk; kPs; eph;khzq;fis> tl khfhzj;jpd; tho;thjhuq;fisAk;> epiyahd nghUshjhu tha;g;Gf;fisAk; cUthf;ff; $ba eph;thf NritfisAk;> gyg;gLj;JtJk;> Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; tphpthf;FtJNkahFk;.

mjd; gpufhuk;> ,f;fld; Njrpa> khfhz> kw;Wk; khefu / efu rig tPjpfs;> rf;jp kw;Wk; ePh; toq;fy; Nghd;w ,uz;L mj;jpahtrpakhd gad;ghLfs;> eLj;ju kw;Wk; rpwpa ePh;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fis kPs ];jhgpg;gij cs;slf;fpa mbg;gil r%f Nritfis kPs; eph;khzk; nra;jYk;> GdUj;jhuzk; nra;jYk;> rfy trjpfSlDkhd eph;thf mYtyfq;fis kPsf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;> kw;Wk; tl khfhzj;jpYk;> kw;Wk; tl kj;jpa khfhzj;jpYk; rfy trjpfSlDk; 5 ePjp kd;w kidfis GdUj;jhuzk; nra;jy; Nghd;wtw;Wf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

mwpT rhh; r%fj;Jf;fhd fy;tpf; fUj;jpl;lk; (EKSP)

mwpT rhh; r%fj;Jf;fhd fy;tpf; fUj;jpl;lk; I.m. nlhyh.; 105.3 kpy;ypad; kjpg;gplg;gl;l nkhj;j nryTld; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lNJhL> mjpy; I. m. nlh 65 kpy;ypad; fld;fisAk;> > kw;Wk; I. m.nlh. 15 kpy;ypad; ed;nfhilfisAk; cs;slf;fpa nkhj;jk; I. m. nlh. 80 kpy;ypad; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; epjp cjtpAk; kw;Wk; murhq;fj;jpd; gq;fspg;ghd I. m. nlh. 25.3 kpy;ypad;fSk; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fhyg;gphpT 2008Mk; mz;bypUe;J 2013Mk; Mz;L tiuapyhFk;.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l tpisthdJ fy;tp fw;w ,isQh;fspd; njhopw; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F toptFf;Fk; Copah; re;ijapd; Njitg;ghLfSf;F ,uz;lhe;ju kw;wk; %d;whe;ju fy;tpapd; njhlh;Gj; jd;ikapid mjpfhpg;gjhFk;. fy;tpapd; juj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpiaj; jPh;khdpg;gjhdJ ,RU ghlrhiyfspd; vz;zf;fUtpy; ghhpa mstpyhd Kd;Dhpikfis juKah;j;JtJ murhq;fj;jpd;

cghaq;fSs; xd;whf ,Ug;gNjhL> “,RU ghlrhiyfs; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpw;F” Vw;g ,yq;ifapd; mNefkhd gpd; jq;fpa eph;thfg; gphpTfspypUe;J njhpT nra;;ag;gl;l 150 ,uz;lhe;jug; ghlrhiyfis juKah;j;Jtjw;F Mjutspg;gjw;F mwpT rhh; r%fj;Jf;fhd fy;tpf; fUj;jpl;lk; vjph;ghh;f;fpd;wJ.



tl fpof;F r%f Gdh; eph;khz mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; II – Fiw epug;G

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j KjyPl;Lr; nryT I. m. nlh. 16.6 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jNjhL> mJ Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; I.m.nlh. 12.77 kpy;ypad; $l;L epug;Gf; flndhd;iwAk;> kw;Wk; murhq;fj;jpd; gq;fspg;ghd I. m.; nlh. 3.8 kpy;ypad;fisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ 2011 Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjk; 31Me;jpfjp g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;F gl;bayplg;gl;bUe;jJ.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk;> mbg;gil r%f cl;fl;likg;G> rkjha> mur Nritfs; kw;Wk; tho;thjhuq;fis GdUj;jhuzk; nra;tjd; %yk; Nkhjypdhy; ghjjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kf;fspd; tho;f;if epiyikfis tpUj;jp nra;tjhFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; epjp cjtp toq;fg;gLk; eltbf;iffs; itj;jparhiyfs;> ghlrhiyfs;> tptrhaj;Jld; njhlh;Gila Nritfs;> fpuhkpa kpd;rhukakhf;fy;> epWtd hPjpahd cl;fl;likg;G> fpuhkpa tPjpfs; kw;Wk; ePh;g;ghrd cl;fl;likg;G Mfpadtw;wpd; GdUj;jhuz Ntiyfis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

,uz;lhe;ju efuq;fspd; fpuhkpa r%fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk;

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j kjpg;gPl;Lr; nryT I. m. nlh. 175.20 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;fhd Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; gq;fspg;G I.m.nlh. 120.04 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ug;gNjhL> murhq;fj;jpd; KjyPL I. m.; nlh. 55.16 kpy;ypad;fshf cs;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; 2012Mk; Mz;L [_d; khjk; 30Me;jpfjp KbTWj;Jtjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j ,yf;F> ePhpd; %yk; Vw;glf; $ba Neha;fspd; epfo;Tfisf; Fiwg;gjd; %yKk;> ePiuf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjpy; FLk;gq;fs; nrytpLk; Neuj;ijAk;> tsq;fisAk; Fiwg;gjd; %yKk; tWikiaf; Fiwg;gJk;> khdpl mgptpUj;jpia Cf;Ftpg;gJkhFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; fUj;jpl;lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kf;fSf;F ghJfhg;ghd Fb ePiu toq;fYk;> ghJfhg;ghd Jg;Guthf;fiy toq;FtJkhFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; jw;NghJ ,Uf;Fk; ePh; jpl;lq;fis mjpfhpg;gNjhL> fpuhkpa kw;Wk; efh;g; gpuNjrq;fspy; Gjpa ePh; jpl;lq;fspYk; KjypLk;.

,f;fUj;jpl;lk;> tl kj;jpa kw;Wk; tl fpof;F khfhzq;fspd; mDuhjGuk;> nghyd;dWit> kw;Wk; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lq;fspd; fpuhkpag; gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kf;fSk;> kl;lf;fsg;G> mk;ghe;Njhl;il> %J}h; kw;Wk; nghyd;dWit khtl;lq;fspd; efh;g; gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; kf;fSk; ,jdhy; ed;ik milthh;fs;.

ghhpa nfhOk;G fopT ePh; Kfhikj;Jt fUj;jpl;lk;

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j kjpg;gPl;Lr; nryT I. m. nlh. 116.6 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;fhd Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; gq;fspg;G I. m. nlh. 100 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis> murhq;fk; I. m.; nlh. 16.6 kpy;ypad;fis KjyPL nra;Ak;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; 2014Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjk; 31Me;jpfjp KbTWj;Jtjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;> fUj;jpl;lg; gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; FLk;gq;fSf;F tpUj;jpAw;w fopT ePh; Kfhikj;Jt Nritfs;pd; Clhf ghhpa nfhOk;gpy; tho;NthUf;fhd efur; Rw;whliyAk;> nghJr; Rfhjhuj;ijAk; tpUj;jp nra;tjhFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk;> ghhpa nfhOk;gpy; gpujhd epyf; fPo; fopT ePh; Kiwikapid GdUj;jhuzk; nra;tjd;; %yk; epyf;fPo; fopT ePh; cl;fl;likg;gpid juKah;j;jy;> epWtd hPjpahd ,aysitAk;> nraw;ghl;L nfhs;ssitAk;> fUj;jpl;l Kfhikj;Jtj;ijAk; gyg;gLj;jYk;> eilKiwg;gLj;jy; MjuT> fopT ePh; Nrit



toq;Fdhpd; KOikahd ,aysitf; fl;bnaOg;gYkhFk;.

,f;fUj;jpl;lk;> ghhpa nfhOk;gpd; efh;g; gpuNjr rdj;njhifapd; tho;f;if epiyikfis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk;> cs;s+h; fopTfspd; mjpfhpf;Fk; kl;lq;fspd; rhjfkhd Rw;whly; jhf;fq;fis Fiwg;gjw;Fk; murhq;fj;Jf;F cjtp nra;Ak;.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l jhf;fk; tpUj;jpAw;w fly; kw;Wk; cs;s+h; ePh; epiyfspd; juk; kw;Wk; mjd; tpisthf Vw;gl;l J}a kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy; epiyikfspd; Clhf ghhpa nfhOk;gpy; efu kw;Wk; efuj;ij mz;kpj;j gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; 1.5 kpy;ypad; kf;fSf;F tpUj;jpAw;w efu;r; Rw;whliyAk;> nghJr; Rfhjhu trjpfisAk; toq;fyhFk;.

cyh; tya efu ePh; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk;

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j kjpg;gPl;Lr; nryT I. m. nlh. 113.33 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;fhd Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; gq;fspg;G I. m. nlh. 25.22 kpy;ypad; ed;nfhilfisAk;> I. m. nlh. 59.78 kpy;ypad;fisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;fhd murhq;fj;jpd; KjyPL I. m.; nlh. 28.3 kpy;ypad;;fshFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; 2014Mk; Mz;L [_d; khjk; 30Me;jpfjp KbTWj;Jtjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; cyh; tyaj;jpy; cs;s tTdpah> kd;dhh;> Gj;jsk;> kw;Wk; rpyhgk; Mfpa gpujhd efuq;fspy; ePh; kw;Wk; Jg;guthf;fy; cl;fl;likg;Gf;fspd; GdUj;jhuzk;> tphpthf;fk;> kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Mjuit mspf;Fk;. ,J

,g;gpuNjrq;fspd; efu kw;Wk; efiur; Rw;wpa ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; septage Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy; eltbf;iffisAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l ngWNgW> ,yq;ifapd; tl Nky; cyh; tyaj;jpd; tpUj;jpAw;w ePh; toq;fy;> Jg;Guthf;;fy; cl;fl;likg;G kw;Wk; NritfSkhFk;. ,jd;

,Wjpapy;> ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; (i) cl;fl;likg;G kw;Wk; Nritfis tpUj;jp nra;jYk;>

tphptilar; nra;jYk;> (ii) Nrit tpepNahfk; kw;Wk; ePh; tsq;fspd; Kfhikj;Jtk;

Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd epWtdq;fis gyg;gLj;JtJ (iii) fUj;jpl;l Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk;

eilKiwg;gLj;jy; ,aysT Nghd;wtw;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;. ,f;fldhdJ> Njrpa ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; tbfhyikg;G rigapd; gpuhe;jpa mYtyfq;fspd; Nrit tpepNahfj; njhopw;ghLfspd; gd;Kfg;gLj;jy; eltbf;iffSf;fhd Mjutpid toq;Fk; mNj Ntis> ePh; tsq;fspd; Kfhikj;Jtk;> xUq;fpizg;G kw;Wk; fUj;jpl;l Kfhikj;Jj;Jtj;Jf;fhd ,aysT mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; Mjutspf;Fk;.

nfhOk;Gj; JiwKf tphpthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk;

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j kjpg;gPl;Lr; nryT I. m. nlh. 781 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; I. m. nlh. 300 kpy;ypad; flidAk;> I. m.; nlh. 180 kpy;ypad;; murhq;fj;jpd; KjyPl;bidAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;fhd jdpahh; Jiw KjyPL I. m. nlh. 301 kp;y;ypad;fshFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; 2010Mk; Mz;L Vg;hpy;; khjk; 10Me;jpfjp KbTWj;jg;gl;lJ.

,f;fUj;jpl;lk;> gpd;tUk; eltbf;iffs; %yk; njd; Mrpahtpy; gpujhd rh;tNjr Nghl;b hPjpahd JiwKfkhf cUthtjw;F nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;jpd; tha;g;Gf;fis

,dq;fhz;gjw;F murhq;fj;jpw;F cjTk; (i) JiwKfj; Jiwapy; jdpahh; Jiwg;

gq;Nfw;gpid tphptilar; nra;jy;; (ii) mur Jiw nraw;ghLfis th;j;jfkakhf;fYk;>

mjd; %yk; tpidj; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;jYk;; (iii) nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;jpid



tprhyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd cgha hPjpahd mZF Kiwfis eilKiwg;gLj;jYk;> jdpahh; Jiw epjpia cr;rg;gLj;jYkhFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk; ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpapid tpUj;jp nra;jYk;> kw;Wk; jdpahh; Jiw KjyPl;Lf;F trjpaspj;jYkhFk;. mJ nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;jpd; nfhs;ssit mjpfhpg;gNjhL> mJ ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;Jf;fhd JiwKff; Nfe;jpukhf njhlh;r;rpahf ,aq;Ftjw;Fk; toptFf;Fk;. Kd; nkhopag;gl;l fld; fz;L gpbg;G> kPsilT> miy jhq;fpfspd; eph;khzk;> kw;Wk; njhlh;Gila $l;L epug;G Ntiyfspd; eph;khzk; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F epjp toq;Fk;.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd eltbf;iffshf mZF topnahd;iw fz;Lgpbj;jy;> jw;NghJ cs;s JiwKfj;jpd; Nkw;Fg; Gw cs;sf JiwKfj;jpd; eph;khzk;> jw;NghJ cs;s JiwKfj;jpd; Nkw;F miyjhq;fpia eph;khzk; nra;jy;> Gjpa jhpg;gpl thapYf;F mz;ikapy; jw;NghJ cs;s ePh; %o;fpf; fg;gypd; vz;nza;f; Foha; thpiria kPs epWTjy;> Gjpa flw; nraw;ghl;L epiyak; xd;iw ];jhgpj;jy;> fg;giyr; nrYj;Jtjw;fhd cjtpapid toq;Fjy;> fly; rhh; gad;ghLfis eph;khzk; nra;jy; Nghd;wdthFk;.

3.1.5 2012Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

ml;ltiz 3.2 2012Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; gl;baiyf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

ml;ltiz 3.2 2012Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

fUj;jpl;lk; njhif (I.m. nlh. kpy;ypad;)

J}a rf;jp kw;Wk; tiyaikg;G tpidj; jpwd; tphpthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk;

100

tlf;F tPjp ,izg;Gf; fUj;jpl;lk; - Nkyjpf epjpaspg;G 92

Njrpa neLQ;;rhiyfs; Jiwfs; fUj;jpl;lk; (,uz;lhk; Nkyjpf epjpaspg;G)

40

njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp kw;Wk; njhopy;rhh; gapw;rpj; Jiw mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk;

40

ghhpa nfhOk;G ePh; kw;Wk; fopT ePh; tpUj;jp Kfhikj;Jtf; fUj;jpl;;lk;

42

3.1.6 2011Mk; Mk; Mz;by; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l Mrpa mgptpUj;jp

tq;fpapd; epjp cjtpAld; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

2010Mk; Mz;by; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapdhy; epjp cjtp toq;fg;gl;l g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l fUj;jpl;qlfspd; gl;bay; ml;ltiz 3.3 ml;ltizapy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ml;ltiz 3.3 2011Mk; Mz;by; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; jiyg;G ngWNgW

njhopy;El;g fy;tp mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk;

12 Gjpa njhopy;El;g epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis toq;Fk; 6 njhopy;El;gf; fy;Y}hpfis ];jhgpj;jy;; njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; jpwd;fs; mgptpUj;jp mikr;R kw;Wk; njhlh;Gila epWtdq;fspd; njhopy;El;g njhopy;rhh; gapw;rp Kiwikapid tpUj;jp nra;tjd; %yKk; gyg;gLj;jYk;> njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp khzpg; gl;lk;> kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g khzpg;



gl;lk; Mfpatw;Wld; Muk;gpf;Fk; Gjpa gl;lg;gbg;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis toq;Fk; njhopy;rhh; njhopy;El;gg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpid ];jhgpj;jy;.

tl fPo; rKjha kPsilT kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; II

; mZF tPjpfis GdUj;jhuzk; nra;jy;> epWtd hPjpahd cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; mbg;gil cl;fl;likg;G kPsilT Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk; tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzq;fspd; kf;fspd; tho;f;if epiyikfis tpUj;jp nra;jy;.

3.1.7 2011Mk; Mz;;bd; tpNrl epfo;Tfs;

Nk 2011 – 44Mk; Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; tUlhe;j $l;lk; tpal;dhk; `Ndhapy; ,lk; ngw;wJ.

fld; ifr;rhj;jply;:

brk;gh; 2011-epiyahd rf;jpj; Jiw MjuTf; fUj;jpl;lk;

[_d; 2011- Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs; Jiwf; fUj;jpl;lk;

ngg;uthp 2011 – aho;g;ghzk; kw;Wk; fpspnehr;rp ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk;

[_iy 2011- ,uz;lhe;ju efuq;fspd; fpuhkpa rKjhaj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk;

Mf];l; 2011- “Gu neFk” – cs;s+uhl;rp kd;wq;fspd; tphpthf;fy; Jiwf; fUj;jpl;lk;

nrg;njk;gh; 2011 – cjtpj; jiyth; jpU f;rpahA ]hN`h njw;Ff; fLfjpg; ghijapd; jpwg;G tpohTf;F r%fkspj;jhh;.

2011Mk; Mz;by; 152 Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapd; J}Jth; FOf;fs; r%fkspj;jd.

3.2 [g;ghd; gphpT

mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf [g;ghdpa rh;tNjr xj;Jiog;G epWtdj;jpd; Clhf toq;fg;gLk; [g;ghdpa murhq;fj;jpd; [g;ghdpa cj;jpNahf g+h;t mgptpUj;jp cjtpapidj; jpul;LtNj [g;ghd; gphptpd; nghWg;ghFk;.

3.2.1. Jiwthhpahd fld; njhFjp Ma;T 2011Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjj;jpy;> I. m. nlh. 2>230 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpAldhd [g;ghdpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; epjp cjtp toq;fg;gl;l 31 fUj;jpl;lq;fis [g;ghdpa gphptpd; jw;Nghija nraw;ghLs;s fld;njhFjp cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. ,J JiwKfk;> rf;jpAk;> tYTk;> ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; tPjpj; Jiw Nghd;w gpujhd Jiwfspy; KjypLtjd; %yk; ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhuj;jpy; kpfTk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gq;if tfpf;ffpd;wJ. ,k;nkhj;jf; fld; njhFjpapy;> 24 fld; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; I. m. nlh. 2>123 kpy;ypad;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sNjhL> 07 ed;nfhilf; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; Rkhh; I. m. nlh. 107 kpy;ypad;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.



tiuG 3.3 Jiwthhpahd fld; njhFjp Ma;T

3.2.2 2011Mk; Mz;bd; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs;

ghhpa nfhOk;G efu Nghf;Ftuj;J mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; fl;lk; 2 (I. m. nlh. 391

kpy;ypad;)> tTdpah – fpspnehr;rp ghpkhw;w thpirf; fUj;jpl;lk; (II) (I. m. nlh. 17.5 kpy;ypad;)> mtru ,aw;if GdUj;jhuz fUj;jpl;lk; (I. m. nlh. 91.5 kpy;ypad;) Mfpa %d;W fld; cld;gbf;iffs; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;ljdhYk;> kw;Wk; ,yq;;if %gth`pdpf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Nfypg;gl cw;gj;jp trjpfis tpUj;jp nra;jy;> tptrhapfSf;fhd czTg; ghJfhg;Gf; fUj;jpl;lk; ( I. m. nlh. 4.3 kpy;ypad;)> trjpfs; Fiwe;j kl;lf;fsg;G fsg;gpd;; Clhd kz;Kidg; ghyj;jpd; eph;khzj;jpw;fhd fUj;jpl;lk; (I. m. nlh. 15.7 kpy;ypad;)> Mfpa %d;W ed;nfhil cld;gbf;iffisf; ifr;rhj;jpl;ljdhYk;> 2011Mk; Mz;by; [g;ghdpa murhq;fj;jplk; ,Ue;J fpilf;fg; ngw;w nkhj;j mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs I. m. nlh. 520.5 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jJ. ,k;nkhj;jjj; njhifapy;> cah;e;j mstpyhd mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs;> ehl;bd; mtru mbg;gil cl;fl;likg;Gj; Njitfis toq;Ftjw;F murhq;fj;jpdhy; Kd;Dhpik toq;fg;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf tPjp kw;Wk; rf;jpAk;> tYTk; Jiwfspd; tphpthd xU ghpkhzk; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

3.2.3 2011Mk; Mz;bd; gfph;Tfs;

2011Mk; mz;by; [g;ghdpa epjp cjtpapd; fPo; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nkhj;j gfph;Tj; njhif I. m. nlh. 380.4 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jNjhL> mjpy; tUlhe;j gfph;T ,yf;fpy; 102.8 rjtPj miltpidf; fhl;bAs;sJ. ,j;njhif nkhj;j ,U gf;f mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fspd; gfph;tpy; 52 rjtPj;jpidAk;> kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j ntspehl;L gfph;tpy; Rkhh; 13 rjtPjj;jpidAk; mwpf;ifapl;bUe;jJ. ,k;nkhj;jg; gfph;tpy; 95 rjtPjk; (I. m. nlh. 355.6 kpy;ypad;) fld; fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; Clhf mwpf;ifaplg;gl;bUe;jNjhL> 5 rjtPjk; (I. m. nlh. 18.4 kpy;ypad; ) ed;nfhilf; fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; Clhf mwpf;ifaplg;gl;bUe;jJ.

3.2.4 2011Mk; Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

ml;ltiz 3.4 2011Mk; Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; gl;bay;

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ngah;

njhif I. m. nlh.

kpy;ypad; fld;fs; mtru ,aw;if mdh;j;j Gdh; tho;Tf; fUj;jpl;lk; 100

ghhpa nfhOk;G efu Nghf;Ftuj;J mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; (fl;lk; I & II) 577.6 fz;b efu fopT ePh; Kfhikj;Jtf; fUj;jpl;lk; 152.4 tWik rhh; nghUshjhuj;ij Kd;Ndhf;fpa rKjha tpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; 49.6

26.5

20.620.6

2.9

2.9

2.9

8.8

5.9

8.8Nghf;Ftuj;J

kpd;rf;jpAk; tYTk;



(PEACE)

khfhz /fpuhkpa tPjp mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; (kj;jpa> rg;ufKth> kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzq;fs;) 142 fhypj; JiwKf mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; 124

cah; nfhj;kiy ePh; kpd;rf;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; (I & II) 300 tTdpah fpspnrhr;rp ghpkhw;w thpirf; fUj;jpl;lk; 29.5

ePh; Jiw mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; (I & II) 190.8 ed;nfhilfs; aho;g;ghz Nghjdh itj;jparhiy kj;jpa njhopw;ghl;bd; tpUj;jp 24.8 ,yq;if &gth`pdpf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Nfypg;gl cw;gj;jp trjpfs; .5 kl;lf;fsg;G fsg;gpd;; Clhd kz;Kidg; ghyj;jpd; eph;khzj;jpw;fhd fUj;jpl;lk; 15 fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; 5 ghyq;fis eph;khzpg;gjw;fhd fUj;jpl;lk; 14.6

fz;b efu fopT ePh; Kfhikj;Jt fUj;jpl;lk;

Foha; Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l epyf; fPo; fopT KiwikAk;> Jg;guthf;fy; trjpfSk;> efh;g; gpuNjrq;fspd; ePh; tsq;fisAk;> thOk; Rw;whliyAk; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; gbg;gbahf Mjutspf;Fk;. ehl;bd Foha; Kiw ePh;; toq;fy; tiuaWf;fg;glhikapd;

fhuzkhf ,yq;ifapy; fopT ePhpd; tbT mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. Ghhpa nfhOk;Gg; gpuNjrj;jpy; kpfr; rpwe;j Kiwapy; mgptpUj;jp mile;j epyf;fPo; fopT Kiwik ,Ue;jhYk; $l> fopT ePh; mNefkhf Nghjpa mstpy; gad;gLj;jglhj epiyapNyh my;yJ ve;j tpjg; gad;ghLfs; vJTNk ,d;wpAk; $l flYf;Fs; my;yJ

MWfSf;Fs; ntsptplg;gLtjdhy;> Njrpa epyf; fPo; ropT Nrit tPjk; 3 – 4 rjtPjj;jpNy ,d;Dk; cs;sJ. ,e;epiyikahdJ ,g;gpuNjrq;fspd; Jg;Guthf;fy; epiyikfis gytPdg;gLj;JtNjhL> ePh; %y MWfspy; ePh; khRgLjYf;Fk; top tFf;fpd;wJ. fz;b efuk; ,yq;ifapd; ,uz;lhtJ ghhpa efukhf tpsq;FtNjhL> Rw;Wyhj; Jiwf;Fg; gpugy;akhd gpuNjrq;fspy; xd;whfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. MapDk;> fz;bapy; ePuhd Nghjpa mstpy; guhkhpf;fg;glhikapdhy;> me;efuj;jpd; ePh; %ykhd kfhtyp Mw;wpd; ePhpd; juk; Nkhrkile;J tUtNjhL> ,e;efuj;jpy; thOk; kf;fspd; Rfhjhuk;> Jg;Guthf;fy; epiyik kw;Wk; kf;fspd; thOk; Rw;whly; Nghd;wdTk; MNuhf;fpakhd tho;Tf;F Njitg;gl;l kl;lj;jpy; rpwe;jjhf ,y;iy. ,e;epiyikapidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L> ,yq;if murhq;fk;> fz;b efu fopT ePh; Kfhikj;Jtf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F [g;ghdpa murhq;fj;jplkpUe;J I. m. nlh. 152.3 kpy;ypad;fis ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fshtd> fz;bapy; kf;fs; nrwpthf thOk; gpuNjrq;fspy; Jg;Guthf;fy; trjpfis GdUj;jhuzk; nra;jy; cl;gl fz;b efuj;jpy; fopT ePh; Nrfhpg;G> guhkhpg;G> kw;Wk; ntspNaw;wk; Nghd;wtw;wpw;fhd nghUj;jkhd Kiwik xd;iw eph;khzpg;gjd; %yk; cs;s+h; kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; fopT ePhpd; Clhf fz;b efu ePh; tsq;fs; (kfhtyp MWk; fz;b thtpAk;) khRgLjiyj; jLj;jYk; kw;Wk; mjd; %yk; ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juk;> Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G Nghd;wtw;iw Nkk;gLj;JtjhFk;.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;Jld; njhlh;Gila cl;fl;likg;Gf;fshf fopT ePh; guhkhpg;Gg; nghwp>

gpujhd ePhpiwf;Fk; gk;gp epiyak;> 12 manhole ePhpiwf;Fk; gk;gp epiyaq;fs;> Fiwthd tUkhdk; ciof;Fk; FOf;fSf;fhd Jg;Guthf;fy; trjpfs;> 94 fp. kP ePskhd Foha; tiyaikg;G Nghd;wdthFk;. ,aw;ifahd Kiwikapd; Clhf ehshe;jk; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLk; fopT ePhpd; msT 14>000 fd kPw;wh;fshFk;.



kl;lf;fsg;G fsg;gpd;; Clhf kz;Kidg; ghyj;jpid eph;khzpg;gjw;fhd fUj;jpl;lk;

murhq;fk;> kz;Kidg; ghyj;jpidAk; kw;Wk; kl;lf;fsg;G fsg;gpd; Clhf eil ghij xd;iw eph;khzpg;gjw;Fk; [g;ghdpa murhq;fj;jplk; ,Ue;J I. m. nlh. 15 kpy;ypad; ed;nfhil cjtpapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. mjd; gpufhuk;> 210 kPw;wh; ePsKk;> 9.8 kPw;wh; mfyKk; nfhz;l Gjpa ghyk; xd;iw eph;khzpg;gjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk;> 9.8 kPw;wh; mfyKk;> Nkw;Fj; jpirapypUe;J 195 kPw;wh;fSk;> fpof;Fj; jpirapypUe;J 293 kPw;wh;fSkhd ghpkhzj;ijf; nfhz;l eil

ghij xd;iw eph;khzpg;gjd; %yk; jhsq;fhL – khtbKd;iwf;fhd ghyk; ,izf;fg;gLk;.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd Nehf;fq;fs;> 30 epkplq;fspy;; Nkw;Ff; fiuf;Fk;> fpof;Ff; fiuf;Fk; ,ilapyhd fsg;gpd;; Clhf gazk; nra;Ak; Neuj;jpidf; Fiwg;gJk;> xU ehspy; 24 kzp NeuKk; ghJfhg;ghd Nghf;Ftuj;jpid cWjpg;gLj;jYk;> nts;s epiyikfspd; gpd;dh; thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;F Vw;glf; $ba rpukq;fis ,uz;L thuq;fspypUe;J xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L ehl;fs; tiuf; Fiwj;jy; Nghd;wdthFk;.

Gjpa ghyj;jpd; eph;khzk; 32 fp. kPw;whpypUe;J 300 kPw;wh;fs; tiu fsg;gpd;; Nkw;Ff; fiuf;Fk;> fpof;Ff; fiuf;Fk; ,ilapyhd J}uj;ijAk;> kz;Kid Nkw;Ff; fiuapypUe;J kl;lf;fsg;G efuj;Jf;F 27 fp. kPw;whpypUe;J 15 fp. kPw;wh; tiu Fiwg;gNjhL> mg;gpuNjrj;jpy; tho;NthUf;F mtru kUj;Jt Nritfs; kw;Wk; fy;tpr; NritfSf;Fkhd trjpfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fpwJ. mjd; gpufhuk;> ,g;Gjpa ghyk; fsg;gpd;; Clhf Nghf;Ftuj;J ,aysitf; $l;LtNjhL> mJ Neubahf 90>000 gadhspfSf;F NeubahfTk;> 10>000 gadhspfSf;F kiwKfkhfTk; Nghf;ftuj;J trjpfis mjpfhpf;Fk;.

mtru ,aw;if mdh;j;j Gdh; tho;Tf; fUj;jpl;lk;

2010Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjj;jpypUe;J 2011Mk; Mz;L [dthp khjk; tiuapyhd fhyg;gphptpy; epfo;e;j gyj;j kioapd; fhuzkhf> 14 khtl;lq;fs; fLikahd nts;sj;jpdhYk;> epyr;rhptpdhYk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ld. ,jd; tpisthf nts;sj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; 3000 fp. kP. ePskhd Njrpa tPjpfSk;> 3>237 fp. kP. ePskhd khfhz tPjpfSk;> Rkhh; 1>200 fp. kP ePskhd fpuhkpa tPjpfSk; Nrjkile;jd. NkYk;> 139 gpujhd> eLj;ju ePh;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fisAk;> Rkhh ; 1>613 rpwpa thtpfisAk;> mizfisAk;> fhy;tha;fisAk; gFjpahfNth my;yJ Kw;whfNth Nrjg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ehl;bd; ePh;g;ghrd KiwikfSf;F Nkhrkhd Kiwikapy; ghjpg;gpid Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. mtru ,aw;if mdh;j;j Gdh;tho;Tf; fUj;jpl;lkhdJ > gyj;j kioapd; fhuzkhf Nkhrkhd Kiwapy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l r%f nghUshjhu eltbf;iffis ghjpf;fg;;gl;;l gpuNjrq;fspy; NkYk; Nrjq;fs; Vw;glhJ ghJfhg;G toq;FjiyAk;> mjd; %yk; epiyahd thOk; Rw;whlYf;F gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;JtjidAk; Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; tl kj;jpa khfhzj;jpy; 30 fp . kP ePskhd Njrpa tPjpfisAk;> 90 fp. kP. ePskhd khfhz tPjpfisAk;>14 fp. kP. ePskhd fpuhkpa tPjpfisAk;> kj;jpa khfhzj;jpy; 50 fp . kP ePskhd Njrpa tPjpfisAk;> 40 fp. kP. ePskhd khfhz tPjpfisAk;> 14 fp. kP. ePskhd fpuhkpa tPjpfisAk;> kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; 46 fp . kP ePskhd Njrpa tPjpfisAk;> 100 fp. kP. ePskhd khfhz tPjpfisAk;> kw;Wk; 23 fp. kP. ePskhd fpuhkpa tPjpfisAk;> GdUj;jhuzk; nra;tjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk;> tl kj;jpa khfhzj;jpYk;> fpof;F khfhzj;jpYk; xt;nthd;wpYk; KiwNa 50 rpwpa mstpyhd ePh;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fSk;> tl kj;jpa khfhzj;jpYk;> fpof;F khfhzj;jpYk; xt;nthd;wpYk; KiwNa 70 ghhpa mstpyhd ePh;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fSk;> GdUj;jhuzk; nra;ag;gLk;.



,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j KjyPL Rkhh; I. m. nlh. 100 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jNjhL> [g;ghdpa murhq;fk;> 0.01 rjtPj rYif mbg;gilapyhd tl;b tPjj;Jld; I. m. nlh. 85 kpy;ypad; nkd; flndhd;iw toq;fpAs;sJ. tPjp mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rig> ePh;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;> tl kj;jpa > kj;jpa> fpof;F khfhzq;fspd; khfhz tPjp mgptpUj;jp mjpfhu rigfs;> tl kj;jpa> fpof;F khfhzq;fspd; ePh;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsq;fs; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; epWtdq;fshf tpsq;FtNjhL> me;epWtdq;fs; Njrpa jpl;lkply; jpizf;fsk;> JiwKf kw;Wk; neLQ;rhiyfs; jpizf;fsk;> ePh;g;ghrd kw;Wk; ePh; tsq;fs; Kfhikj;Jt mikr;R kw;Wk; cs;s+uhl;rp kd;wq;fs; kw;Wk; khfhz rigfs; mikr;R Mfpatw;wpd; Nkw;ghh;itapd; fPo; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; njhopw;ghLfis nraw;gLj;Jk;.

,yq;if &gth`pdpf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; Nfypg;gl cw;gj;jp trjpfspd; tpUj;jp

ClfkhdJ mwpT rhh;e;j RahjPd kf;fis cUthf;Ftjpy; gpujhd gq;if tfpf;fpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapy;> ,yj;jpudpay; Clfk;> tpNrlkhf njhiyf;fhl;rp xyp gug;ghdJ> jfty;fisAk;> mwpitAk;> Nfspf;iffisAk;> ntspapLtjpy; tpidj;jpwdhd Kiwiknahd;whf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. jw;NghJ> ,yq;ifapy; Nfypg;gl cw;gj;jpAk;> %d;W mstpyhd (3B) cap&l;lq;fSld; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;;gLtNjhL> ,e;epiyikahdJ cj;jpNahf g+h;t kl;lj;jpy; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ> ,yq;if &gth`pdpf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; 2 B > 3B Nfypg;gl epfo;r;rpfisAk;> njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis cap&l;lq;fSld; cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F vw;w tifapy; ,yq;if &gth`pdpf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;Jf;F Gjpa 3 B cap&l;ly; fiyauq;F xd;iw cUthf;Ftij Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,J ,yq;ifapd; Nfspg;glq;fspd; juj;jpid rh;tNjr juj;jpw;F cah;j;Jtjw;F cjtp GhpAk;. NkYk;> ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; g+uz njhopy;El;g cgfuzq;fis toq;FtJ khj;jpukd;wp jpwd; tha;e;j fiyQh;fis mth;fsJ jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf 3 B cap&l;ly; njhlh;ghd gapw;rpapidAk; toq;Ftjd; %yk; ,yq;if &gth`pdpf; $l;Lj; jhgdj;jpidg; gyg;gLj;Jk;.

[g;ghdpa murhq;fk;> [g;ghdpa fyhr;rhu ed;nfhil cjtp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F [g;ghdpa murhq;fk; I. m. nlh. 5 kpy;ypad;fis ed;nfhil cjtpahf toq;fpAs;sNjhL> ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; %d;W Mz;L fhyg;ghptpw;Fs; g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;Fk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ> Clf kw;Wk; jfty; mikr;rpd; Nkw;ghh;itapd; fPo; ,yq;if &gth`pdpf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpdhy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

ghhpa nfhOk;G efug; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fUj;jpl;lk; fl;lk; 2 (II)

2011Mk; Mz;by; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;l ghhpa nfhOk;G efug; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fUj;jpl;lk;

fl;lk; 2 (II) > nfhOk;G efu gpuNjrj;jpy;;> Nghf;Ftuj;;J newpriy Fiwg;gjw;Fk;>

nfhOk;G efuj;Jf;F ,izf;fg;gLk; njw;F fLfjpg;ghij> nfhOk;G – fl;Lehaf;fh fLfjpg;ghij kw;Wk; Vida Njrpa tPjpfSldhd ,izg;gpid tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk;> ntsptl;lr; Rw;W neLQ;rhiy kPjhd fLtiyapypUeJ fltj;ij tiuapyhd 8.9 fp. kP. ePskhd tPjpg; gphptpd; eph;khzj;jpid ikakhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,t;ntsptl;lr; Rw;W tPjpapd; ePsk; 29 fp. kPw;wh;fshf cs;sNjhL> ,t;ntsptl;lr; Rw;W tPjpapd; nfhl;lhitapypUe;J fltj;ij tiuapyhd (11 fp.kP) njd; gphptpd; eph;khzj;jpw;fhd epjp cjtp 2007Mk; Mz;bYk;> 2008Mk; Mz;bYk; [g;ghdpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gl;lJ.



tTdpah - fpspnehr;rp ghpkhw;w thpirf; fUj;jpl;lk;

2011Mk; Mz;by; KbT nra;ag;gl;l tTdpah - fpspnehr;rp ghpkhw;w thpirf; fUj;jpl;lk;> tTdpahtpypUe;J fpspnehr;rp tiuapyhd 132 fpNth ghpkhw;w thpiria kPs; eph;khzpg;gjd; %yKk;> fpspnehr;rpapy; kpd; tiyaikg;G cg epiyaj;jpid eph;khzpg;gjd; %yKk; ehl;bd; tl gpuNjrj;jpd; ghpkhw;w tiyaikg;gpid gyg;gLj;Jtjw;F gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jk;. mNj Nghy; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf tl khfhzj;jpy; thOk; (mz;zsthf 1.2 kpy;ypad;) Efh;NthUf;fhd tpRthrKs;s> Nghjpa kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwdhd kpd;rf;jp epuk;gy; xd;iw toq;Ftjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; eph;khzk; 2012Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

3.2.5 2011Mk; Mz;by; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

gpd;tUk; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; 2011Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gphptpy; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;ld.

njw;Fg; Nghf;Ftuj;J mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; II

khfhz tPjp tpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk;

3.2.6 2012Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

nad; fld; nghjp

,yq;if murhq;fj;Jf;Fk;> [g;ghdpa rh;tNjr xj;Jiog;G epWtdj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapy; elhj;jg;gl;l MNyhridia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gpd;tUk; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; 2012Mk; Mz;by; 42Mk; nad; fld; nghjpapd; fPo; epjpaspg;Gf;fhf KbT nra;ag;gl;lJ.

gz;lhuehaf;fh rh;tNjr tpkhd epiyaj;jpd; mgptpUj;jp – fl;lk; 2

`guiz – Ntaq;nfhil 220 fp Nth ghpkhw;w thpirf; fUj;jpl;lk;

Gjpjhfj; Njhw;wk; ngw;W tUk; gpuNjrq;fis ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l mbg;gil r%f Nritfspd; tpUj;jpf;fhd fUj;jpl;lk;

,f;fUj;jpl;lq;fs;> ,yq;ifapd; cah; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f mgptpUj;jp Nehf;fj;Jld; ,dq;fhzg;gl;lJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhd nkhj;j kjpg;gplg;gl;l mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; Rkhh; [g;ghdpa nad; 42>400 kpy;ypad;fshFk; (mz;zsthf I. m. nlh. 509 kpy;ypad;fshFk;.) ,J nad; fld; epjpapd; KjyhtJ xJf;fPlhf ,Ug;gNjhL> [g;ghdpdhy; thf;FWjpaspf;fg;gl;l I. m. nlh. 500 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpia tpl mjpfhpj;jjhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.

tUlhe;j ed;nfhil cjtp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs;

Njrpa jpl;lkply; jpizf;fsj;jpdJk;> kw;Wk; njhlh;Gila epuy; mikr;Rf;fspdJk; MNyhridAld;> [g;ghd; gphpT> [g;ghdpa nghJ ed;nfhil cjtp> njhopy;El;g

xj;Jiog;G> 2011/2012 Mk; epjp Mz;bw;fhd mgptpUj;jp fy;tp e;pfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf [g;ghdpa 20 fUj;jpl;lg; gpNuuizfSf;fhd cj;jpNahf g+h;t NtzLNfhis rkh;g;gpj;jJ.



3.2.7 2011Mk; Mz;by; epfo;e;j epfo;Tfs;

J}Jth; FOf;fs;

[g;ghd; gphpT njhlh;Gila mikr;Rf;fspd; rpghhpRld; 2011Mk; Mz;by; 100 J}Jth; FOf;fis gpufldg;gLj;jpaNjhL trjpfisAk; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jJ. ,j;J}Jth; FOf;fspy;> mNefkhdit> Nkw;ghh;it kw;Wk;\ eilKiwg;gLj;jYf;F MjuT mspf;Fk; J}Jth; FOf;fshf ,Ue;jNjhL> mth;fs; fUj;jpl;lq;fis ,yFthfTk; RKfkhfTk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Mjutpid toq;fpapUe;jd. NkYk;> mj;J}Jth; FOf;fs; jw;Nghija fld; njhFjpapd; nrayhw;wj;jpid kPsha;T nra;jjd; gpd;dh; vjph;fhy fUj;jpl;lq;fisAk; KbT nra;jd.

,yq;iff;fhd khz;G kpF [g;ghdpa J}JtUf;fhd gphpah tpil cgrhpg;G tpoh

,yq;iff;fhd khz;G kpF [g;ghdpa J}Jth; jpU FdpNah jf`rp mth;fs; %d;whz;L fhyj;Jf;fhd mtuJ ntw;wpfukhd J}Jth; gzpia g+h;j;jp nra;jjd; gpd;dh;> 2011Mk; Mz;;L mf;Nlhgh; khjk; [g;ghDf;Fj; jpUk;gpdhh;. khz;G kpF [g;ghdpa J}Jtiu nfsutpg;gjw;fhf ntspehl;L tsq;fs; jpizf;fsk; jpiwNrhpapd; nrayhshpd; jiyikapy; gphpah tpil cgrhpg;G tpohit xOq;FgLj;jpapUe;jJ.

njw;Ff; fLfjpg;ghijapd; jpwg;G tpoh

,yq;ifapd; KjyhtJ fLfjpg;ghijapd; jpwg;G tpoh ,yq;ifapd; khz;G kpF [dhjpgjp jpU. kfpe;j uh[gf;r mth;fshy; 2011Mk; Mz;L etk;gh; khjk; 27Me;jpfjp fhyp gpd;dJit ,l khwypy; jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;lJ. ,yq;iff;fhd [g;ghdpd; tpNrl rkhjhd gpujpepjp jpU aRfp mfhrp mth;fs; ,t;tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gkpf;f epfo;Tf;F [g;ghdpa murhq;fj;jpidg;; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpaJ. Vw;fdNt Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l gy;NtW cj;jpNahfg+h;tkhd eltbf;iffspd; fhuzkhf [g;ghdpa rh;tNjr xj;Jiog;G epWtdj;jpd; jiytp jpUkjp rjhNfh xfhjh ,e;epfo;Tf;F r%fkspf;f KbahJ NghdhYk; $l> mtUf;Fg; gjpyhf nghUshjhu cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jp njhlh;ghf [g;ghdpa rh;tNjr xj;Jiog;G epWtdj;jpy; tpNrl MNyhrfh; A[P xfrhfp me;epfo;tpy; fye;J nfhz;lhh;.

3.3 cyf tq;fpg; gphpT

,g;gphpT mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf cyf tq;fpaplkpUe;J mgptpUj;jp cjtpapid jpul;Lfpd;wJ.

murhq;fj;jpd; mgptpUj;jp Kd;Dhpikfspd; gpufhuk;> cyf tq;fpapd; 2009 – 2012 Mk; Mz;LfSf;fhd cjtp cghak;> cl;fl;likg;G> kdpj tsq;fs;> kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa mgptpUj;jpj; JiwfSf;F rYif mbg;gilapyhd epajpfspy;; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 900 kpy;ypad;fis xJf;fpAs;sJ. NkYk;> ,yq;if eLj;ju tUkhd ehnlhd;wpd; epiyikf;F khw;wg;gl;likahdJ> 2010Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjj;jpy;; rh;tNjr mgptpUj;jp mikg;G> Gdh; eph;khzk; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rh;tNjr tq;fp Mfpa epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J fyg;G epjpg; ngWiffis ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba tha;g;Gf;fisj; jpwe;J tpl;Ls;sJ.



tiuG 3.4 : mh;g;gzpg;Gfs; - 2007-2011

fle;j Ie;J tUl fhyg;gphptpy; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 187.6 kpy;ypad;fis tUlhe;j ruhrhpahf> If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 910.5 kpy;ypad; fld;fisAk;> 27.4 kpy;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; ed;nfhilfisAk; cyf tq;fp toq;fpAs;sJ.

2007 – 2011Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gphptpy; 29 cld;gbf;iffs; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;Ls;sNjhL> mjpy; 2011Mk; Mz;by; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;l 5 cld;gbf;iffs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.

ml;ltiz 3. 5 2011Mk; Mz;by; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;l cld;gbf;iffs;

2009 – 2011Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gphptpw;fhf cyf tq;fpapy; ,Ue;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 900 kpy;ypad;;fisf; nfhz;l nkhj;j tsq;fspd; cs;slf;fj;jpy;; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 148 kpy;ypad;fs; 2011Mk;

Mz;bw;F xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

2011Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy;> If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 1>097 kpy;ypad;fs;; KjyPl;Lld;> 24 mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l fld;fisAk;> ed;nfhilfisAk; gad;gLj;jp Rkhh; 134 fp.kP. ePskhd V6 tPjpapd; gphpT GdUj;jhuzk; nra;ag;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. NkYk;> 275 rpwpa mstpyhd ePh;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fs;;> kw;Wk; 54 Fb ePh; trjpj; jpl;lq;fs;; Nghd;wdtw;iw tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd.

NkYk;> rfy fpuhkq;fspYk; cs;s rfy gpui[fSk; jfty; kw;Wk; njhlh;ghly; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; ed;ikfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fj;Jld; Gjpjhf ];jhgpf;fg;gl;l njhiy epiyaq;fspd; Clhf epfo; epiy mur NritfSld; fpuhkpa kw;Wk; gpd; jq;fpa gpuNjrq;fis ,izg;gjd; %yk; mg;gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; r%fq;fSf;F ,yj;jpudpay; - mur Nritfis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F fzprkhd

-

100

200

300

400

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

I.m.nlh.kpy;ypad;

fld; ed;nfhil

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ngah; njhif I. m. nlh. kpy;ypad;

tPjpj; Jiw cjtpf; fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;fhd ,uz;lhtJ Nkyjpf epjpaspg;G

110

Nkhjypdhy; ghjpffg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspd; tho;thjhu mgptpUj;jpf;fhd ,uz;lhtJ kw;Wk; %d;whtJ Nkyjpf epjpaspg;G

48

tl khfhzj;jpw;fhd cs;s+h; kl;lj;jpyhd Nghrhf;F kl;lj;jpid tpUj;jp nra;jy;

2.7

tl fpof;F ePh; toq;fy; Jg;Guthf;fy kw;Wk;; Rj;jg;gLj;jy; fUj;jpl;lk; (nth~;;)

2.0

,z;lhtJ Rfhjhuj; Jiw mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;r;pj; jpl;lk; 0.4



mstpyhd ngWiffs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. NkYk;> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd njhopy; Kaw;rpfs;> ,liug; gfph;e;J nfhs;sy;> kw;Wk; cy;yhrg; gpuahzj; JiwAld; njhlh;Gila rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd njhopy; Kaw;rpfisg; gyg;gLj;Jjy; Nghd;wtw;wpw;fhd epjp trjpfis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhd milT topfis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; fzprkhd mstpyhd fld;

njhifnahd;W gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ed;nfhil cjtpahdJ> tlf;Fg; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s 7>100 fh;g;gpzpj; jha;khh;fs; kw;Wk; tl khfhzj;jpy; cs;s 12>600 Ie;J taJf;Ff; Fiwe;j rpWth;fs; Nghd;Nwhhpd; Nghrhf;F kl;lj;ij tpUj;jp nra;jiyAk;> kd;dhh; kw;Wk; jpUNfhzkiy khtl;lq;fspy; Jg;Guthf;fy; trjpfspd ikakhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. NkYk;> njhw;whj Neha;fs;> Nghrhf;fpd;ik Nghd;w rthy;fis ntw;wp nfhs;tjw;Fk;> Rfhjhu Kiwikapid gyg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; khfhz kw;Wk; Njrpa Rfhjhu epWtdq;fSf;fhd Njrpa Rfhjhu mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lj;jpid jahhpg;gjw;Fk;> ,J gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

2011Mk; Mz;by;> gfph;thdJ ,yf;fhd I. m. nlh. 40 kpy;ypad;fis tpl mjpfhpj;J I. m. nlh. 211 kpy;ypad;fis mile;jpUe;jJ. gfph;T tpfpjkhdJ 2010Mk; Mz;by;; 90 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2011Mk; Mz;by; 119 rjtPjkhf mjpfhpj;jpUe;jJ. If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 211 kpy;ypad;fspy; ehd;F gpujhd Jiwfspy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L tUk; fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;F If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 185 kpy;ypad;fs; gfpug;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;wpy;; KiwNa KjyhtJ cah; epiy gfph;thd If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 113 kpy;ypad;fs; gpuhe;jpa mgptpUj;jpj; JiwapypUe;Jk;> ,uz;lhtJ cah; epiy gfph;thd If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 29 kpy;ypad;fs; cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpj; Jiwapy; ,Ue;Jk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jJ. NkYk;> Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpyhd njhifahd If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 30 kpy;ypad;fs; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; Jiwf;Fk; gfpug;gl;bUe;jJ.

tiuG 3.4 : mh;g;gzpg;Gfs; - 2007-2011

tiuG 3.6

-

100

200

300

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011fld; ed;nfhil nkhj;jk;

4%9%

2%

54%

0.5%11% 14%4% 2%

fy;tp rf;jpjfty; njhopy;El;gk; gpuhe;jpa mgptpUj;jpRfhjhuk; tPjpfs;



3.3.1 g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

gpd;tUk; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l Mz;by; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;bUe;jd.

1. fpuhkpa nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;fhd Gj;Jap&l;Lk; rf;jp

2. tl fpof;F tPlikg;G Gdh; eph;khzf; fUj;jpl;lk;

3. mur Jiw ,aysT mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk;

3.3.2 2011Mk; Mz;bd; tpNrl epfo;TfSk;> cyf tq;fpapd; J}Jth; FOf;fSk;

i. 07 cyf tq;fpapd; nraykh;Tfs; elhj;jg;gl;ld.

ii. 132 J}Jth; FOf;fSf;fSf;F mq;fPfhuk; toq;fg;gl;lNjhL> 196 tPrhf;fs; cyf tq;fpapd; J}Jth; cWg;gpdh;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;ld.

3.4 ,U gf;f Nkw;Fg; gphpT

Nkw;F cyf ehLfsplkpUe;J ,yq;iff;fhd cj;jpNahf g+h;t mgptpUj;jp cjtp ntspehl;L tsq;fs; jpizf;fsj;jpd; ,U gf;f Nkw;Fg; gphptpd; Clhf jpul;lg;gLfpd;wJ. ,yq;iff;F epjp cjtp toq;Fk; gpujhd mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fshf N[h;kd;> nejh;yhe;J> RtPld;> INuhg;gpa xd;wpak;> If;fpa mnkhpf;fh> gpuhd;];> ];nga;d;> x];l;hpah> nld;khh;f;> ngy;[pak;> u~;ah> fdlh> Rtpl;rh;yhe;J> If;fpa ,uhr;rpak;> `q;Nfhp> Nehh;ba KjyPl;L tq;fp> Nehh;bah tq;fp kw;Wk; INuhg;gpa KjyPl;L tq;fp Nghd;wd tpsq;Ffpd;wd.

Nkiyj;Nja ehLfspy; ,Ue;Jk; cjtp toq;;Fk; epWtdq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; fpilf;fg; ngw;w ntspehl;L epjpapd; Nrh;f;iffSk;> tbtKk;; ; ,yq;ifapd; eLj;ju tUkhd nghUshjhuk; xd;Wf;fhd gbKiw tsh;r;rpAld; khw;wkile;Js;sJ. Fiwe;j tl;bAldhd rYif mbg;gilapyhd epjpapdJk;> nkd; fld;fspdJk; tPo;r;rpAld;> ,e;ehLfspy; ,Ue;Jk; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd cjtpapd; rYif mw;w fld;fisAk;> rYif mbg;gilapyhd fld;fisAk; kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjpf; fld; trjpfisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Vw;Wkjpf; fld; trjpfspd; fPo; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l ntspehl;L epjp> nghJthf fldpd; kPsr; nrYj;jYf;F trjp mspg;gjw;F NghJkhd tUkhdg; gha;r;ry;fs;> my;yJ Nghjpa mstpyhd nghUshjhu ed;ikfis cUthf;ff; $ba th;j;jf hPjpahf rhj;jpakhd fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; Kjyplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; gpufhuk;> Nkiyj;Nja ehLfspy; ,Ue;J fpilf;fg; ngw;w mNefkhd th;j;jff; fld; cjtpfs;> ghJfhg;ghd Fb ePiug; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F mjpfhpj;j milT trjpfs;> fpuhkpa kpd;rhukakhf;fiy tpUj;jp nra;jy;> Gifapujg; ghijfSf;fhd ghyq;fis eph;khzpj;jy;> fopT ePh; mfw;wy; epiyaq;fis toq;fy;> Njrpa kw;Wk; fpuhkpa itj;jparhiyfis Nkk;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;mtrpakhd kUj;Jt cgfuzq;fis toq;fy; Nghd;w mtrukhdJk; kw ;Wk ; Kd;Dhpik mspf ;fg ;gl ;lJkhd mgptpUj ;j pf ; fUj;jpl;lq;fisg; g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. r%f nghUshjhu mgptpUj ;j piag ; nghUj;j tiu Fwpg ;g pl ;l fUj ;jpl ;lj ;j pd ; cgha h Pj pahd Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> vjph ;ghh ;f ;fg ;gl;lnjhopy;El;g khw;wy;fspdJk;> kw;Wk; Vida

njhlh;Gila fhuzpfspdJk; ngWkjpiaf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L; gpujhdkhf ,e;epjp i.

th;j;jff; fld;fs; ii. Fwpg;gpl;l ,izf;fg;gl;l fl;lzq;fSldhd g+r;rpa tl;b tPjk; iii. khdpag;gLj;jg;gl;l fld;fs; Nghd;w tbtq;fspy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. MapDk;> 2011Mk; Mz;by; nkhj;j gfph;T> Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; tPo;r;rpaile;jjijj; njhlh;e;J mNj Mz;by; Fiwthd mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUe;jd. ,g;gpd; Nehf;fpa Nghf;fpw;fhd gpujhd Nehf;fk;> rhjfkhd epge;jid KiwikfSld; Fiwe;j nrytpyhd epjp tsq;fspy; ,Ue;J flidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F murhq;fk; mjdJ ntspehl;L epjpaspg;G cghaj;jpid khw;wpaikahFk;. vdNt> murhq;fk;> ,e;Nehf;fq;fisg; g+h;j;jp nra;J nfhs;sf; $ba



rPdh> ,e;jpah> nfhhpah> kw;Wk; Vida kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy; ,Ue;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; ntspehl;L cjtpapid mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.

tiuG 3.7 ,U gf;f Nkw;Fg; gphptpd; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fSk;> gfph;TfSk; (I.m. nlh)

tiuG 3.8 Jiw thhpahd mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; (2007 - 2011)


2011Mk; Mz;by;> epjp cjtp toq;FNthuhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nkhj;j mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; I. m. nlh. 141.5 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. mjpy; ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy; Jiwf;F I. m. nlh. 72.5 kpy;ypad;fisAk;> rf;jpj; Jiwf;F I. m. nlh. 54 kpy;ypad;fisAk;> kw;Wk; Vida JiwfSf;F I. m. nlh. 15 kpy;ypad;fisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

ml;ltiz 3.6

fUj;jpl;lk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ngah; nryT

(I.m.nlh.

kpy;ypad;)

RtPld; Nehbah tq;fp fpuhkpa kpd;rhukakhf;fy; IV – ePbg;G 54.0

ngy;[pak; Nghb]; tq;fp nfhnyhd;dh – gyhq;nfhil ePh; toq;fy; 13.5

kf;fs; tq;fp nfhnyhd;dh – gyhq;nfhil ePh; toq;fy; ; 14.0

Av];va;l; (I. m. cjtp) jdpahh; Jiw tsh;r;rp – ed;nfhil

r%f xd;wpizg;G – ed;nfhil

7.5 7.5

-

200,000,000

400,000,000

600,000,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

gfph;T

mh;g;gzpg;G

10%

1%3% 8%

2%

8%

68%

ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shfpa gpuNjrq;fspd; GdUj;jhuzk;ePh; toq;fYk; Jg;Guthf;fYk;

Rfhjhuk;

kpd;rf;jpAk; tYTk;

Nghf;Ftuj;J

JiwKf mgptpUj;jp

Vidait



gpuhd;]; Vvg;B aho;g;ghzk; - fpspnehr;rp ePh; toq;fy; 45.0

nkhj;jk; 141.5

3.4.2. 2011Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

Nkw;F ehLfspd; fld; cjtpapy; fPo; 2011Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs;pd; gl;bay; gpd;tUkhW.

ml;ltiz 3.7

fUj;jpl;lk; epjp cjtp toq;fpNahh;

nryT (I. m. nlh.

kpy;ypad;)

ghhpa jpUNfhzkiy ePh; toq;fy; fUj;jpl;lk; gpuhd;]; 3.38

Xf;rprd; ,ae;jpuq;fs;> rj;jpu rpfpr;ir $lq;fs;> kw;Wk; Rdhkpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kw;Wk gpd; jq;fpa itj;jparhiyfSf;fhd kUj;Jt cgfuzq;fs;

gpuhd;]; 12.90

ePh; toq;fy; Gdh; eph;khzf; fUj;jpl;lk; – fhyp

khtl;lf; fUj;jpl;lk; – fl;lk; II

N[h;kd; 1.60

u~;ahtpd; fld; thpir u~;ah 300

gioa yf;~ghd ePh; kpd; nghwp X];l;hpah 34

fpof;Fg; Gifapuj tPjpapd; GdUj;jhuzk; X];l;hpah 10.5

mtru nfhs;tdT nfhs;fyd; ifahSk; cgfuzq;;fs;

vr;v];gPrP

tq;fp (I.,) 35

fpuhkpa kpd;rhukakhf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk; – 4 RtPld; 54

[hviy/Vf;fiy kw;Wk; uj;kyhid> nkhwl;Lit>

fopT ePh; ntspNaw;w Kiwik – fl;lk; I

RtPld;

aho;g;ghzk; fpspnehr;rp ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;guthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk;

Vvg;B 45.5

3.4.3 2011Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l xU rpy gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; RUf;fkhd tpguk;

uj;kyhid / nkhwl;Lit kw;Wk; [hviy/ Vf;fiy fopT ePh; guhkhpg;G fUj;jpl;lk;

,f;fUj;jpl;lk;> Kiwahd fopT ePh; ntspNaw;w Kiwik xd;wpid ];jhgpg;gjd;

Clhf [hviy/ Vf;fiy kw;Wk; ,uj;kyhid/ nkhwl;Lit gpuNjrq;fspd; efh;g; gpuNjrq;fspd; ifj;njhopy; kw;Wk; tjptplg; gpuNjrq;fspy; efur; Rw;whly; kw;Wk; nghJ Rfhjhuk; Nghd;wtw;iw tpUj;jp nra;Ak; Nehf;fj;Jld; 2008Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

RtPld; rh;tNjr mgptpUj;jp epWtdk; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf I.m.nlh. 91 kpy;ypad;fis epjp cjtpahf toq;fpAs;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;fhd murhq;fj;jpd; gq;fspg;G Rkhh; I. m. nlh. 46.5 kpy;ypad;fshFk; (mz;zsthf &gh 5>122 kpy;ypad;).



gpujhd epyf; fPo; fopT ePh; Kiwik> guhkhpg;Gg; nghwpfs; kw;Wk; gk;gp epiyaq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; eph;khzk; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd eltbf;iffshFk;. jw;NghJ

>[hviy/ Vf;fiy gpuNjrq;fspd; Rkhh; 95 rjtPjkhd ngsjPf NtiyfSk;> kw;Wk;

,uj;kyhid/ nkhwl;Litg; gpuNjrq;fspd; 65 rjtPjkhd NtiyfSk; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; vQ;;rpa Ntiyfs; 2013Mk; Mz;L [dthp khjj;jpy; g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

gioa yf;rghd kpd; rf;jp epiyak;

gioa yf;rghd ePh; kpd; rf;jp epiyak; 58 tUlq;fis tplg; goik tha;e;jjhf cs;sNjhL> Vw;fdNt vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l nraw;ghl;L MAl;fhyj;ij jhz;bAs;sJ. ,J 65 tUlq;fis milAk; Kd;dh; ,k;kpd; epiyaj;jpid GdUj;jhuzk; nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;W rpghhpR nra;ag;gl;lJ. mjd; gpufhuk;> lh;igdh;> kpd; cUthf;fpfs;> kw;Wk; Vida gpujhd cgfuzq;fs; Nghd;wdtw;iw khw;Wtjw;F jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; ehl;bd; ePh; kpd; rf;jpia cUthf;FtNjhL> kpd; cUthf;fj;jpd; nryitAk; Fiwf;Fk;. NkYk; tphpthf;fg;gl;l Kiwikapd; fhuzkhf kpd; Jz;bg;Gfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; Fiwf;fTk; cjTk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;jr; nryT I. m. nlh. 37.7 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. mjpy; 85 rjtPjk; I. m. Nlh. 32.5 kpy;ypad; fld; trjpaspg;Gf; fld; xd;wpd; Clhf Adp fpubl;Ngq;f xg; x];l;hpah V[Papdhy; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jw;NghJ> ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; tbtikg;Gf; fl;lj;jpy; cs;sNjhL> ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; eph;khz Ntiyfs; kpf tpiutpy; Muk;gpf;fg;gLk;.

fpof;Fg; Gifapuj tPjpapd; Gdh; eph;khzk;

,yq;if murhq;fk; thior;NridapypUe;J kl;lf;fsg;G tiuapyhd fpof;Fg; Gifapuj tPjpapid GdUj;jhuzk; nra;tjw;fhd kpfj; juk; tha;e;j Gifapuj gPypfs; kw;Wk; Vida cgfuzq;fisAk; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;F I. m. nlh. 13.5 kpy;ypad; fld; trjpnahd;Wf;F mDkjp toq;fg;gl;lJ. Adp fpubl;Ngq;f xg; x];l;hpah V[P mj;njhifapy; 85 rjtPjj;jpid toq;fpAs;sJ.

fhyp ePh; toq;fy; fUj;jpl;lk;

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk;> ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; Rdhkpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;Jld; Rdhkpapdhy; fLikahd Kiwapy; Nrjkile;j fhyp ePh; toq;fy; jpl;lq;fspd; ePbg;G Nritfis GdUj;jhuzk; nra;tJk;> tpUj;jp nra;tJkhFk;. N[h;kd; murhq;fk; ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf I. m. nlh. 27 kpy;ypad; ed;nfhilfis toq;fpAs;sJ.

fpuhkpa kpd;rhukakhf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk; – 4

RtPldpd; Nehh;bah tq;fp> ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;F epjp toq;Ftjw;F I. m. nlh. 53>493>454 Vw;Wkjpf; fld; trjpapid toq;Ftjw;F ,zf;fk; njhptpj;Js;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk;> jw;NghJ eilKiwapy; cs;s fpuhkpa kpd;rhukakhf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk; 4,d; ePbg;ghf 550 Gjpa fpuhkpa kpd;rhukakhf;fy; jpl;lq;fis Muk;gpg;gjd; %yk; 100 rjtPjk; tiu tl kj;jpa khfhzj;jpd; kpd;rhukakhf;fy; cs;slf;fjJf;F nryT nra;tjhFk;. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l ntspaPL 110>000 cs;s+h; kpd; ,izg;Gf;fisAk;> kw;Wk; 10>000 ifj;njhopy; ,izg;Gf;fisAk; toq;FtjhFk;.



Njrpa nkhopfs; fUj;jpl;lk; (NLP)

fNdba rh;tNjr mgptpUj;jp epWtdk; nkhopfs; MjuTf; fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;F fNdba nlhyh; 5.7 ,id toq;Ftjw;F ,zf;fk; njhptpj;Js;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk; ,yq;if murhq;fj;Jf;Fk;> murhq;f epWtdq;fSf;Fk; mth;fspd; nkhop chpikapidg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; kw;Wk; mtw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; toptFf;Fk; nkhopf; nfhs;ifia gyg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; Mjutspg;gjd; Clhf r%f cld;gbf;if kw;Wk; ,yq;iff;Fs; epiyahd rkhjhd mgptpUj;jpnahd;;iw Vw;gLj;JtJkhFk;.

jw;NghJ ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; tbtikg;Gf; fl;lj;jpy; cs;sNjhL> kw;Wk; ,uz;L Njrpa nkhopfspYk;> rpq;fsk; > jkpo;> mNj Nghy Mq;fpyk; Mfpatw;wpy; murhq;f NritfSffhd ghhpa mstpyhd nghJ kf;fs; miltjw;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;j vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; njhpT nra;ag;gl;l mur epWtdq;fSld; mur nkhopfs; nfhs;ifia eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk;> ,U nkhopfs; > Kk;nkhopfs; kw;Wk; nkhop chpikia Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F mtrpakhd ,aysitAk; cah;tilar; nra;tjw;fhd eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. ,J njhlh;ghd gpujhd epWtdkhf Njrpa nkhopfs; kw;Wk; r%f xd;wpizg;G mikr;R tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

,f;fUj;jpl;lk; fdlhtpd; ,U nkhop> nkhopf; nfhs;if eilKiwg;gLj;jy;> kw;Wk; nkhop chpikapid ghJfhf;Fk; mur kw;Wk; mur rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fspd; gq;Nfw;Gld; ,yq;ifah;fSf;F mth;fSld; me;epNahd;dpakhd cwtpid tsh;r;rpAwr; nra;tjw;fhfTk;> fw;gjw;Fk; tha;g;G Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. mNj Nghy> ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; epiyahd gq;FilikapidAk;> kw;Wk; tiyaikg;gpidAk; Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; toptFf;Fk;.

3.4.4 Nkiyj;Nja mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fsplkpUe;J fpilf;fg; ngw;w

ed;nfhilfs;

fld;fisj; jtpu gpd;tUk; ed;nfhilf; fUj;jpl;lq;fSk; 2011Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;lNjhL> mit gpujhdkhf ey;yhl;rp kw;Wk; kdpj chpik Mfpa Jiwfspy; rpwe;j ngWNgWfis cUthf;Fk;.

ml;ltiz 3.8

fUj;jpl;lk; mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;

I. m. nlh. kpy;ypa

d; ,yq;ifapy; Njrpa Mtz fhg;gfj;jpy; cs;s lr;R mwpf;iffis ghJfhj;jYk;> ntspapLjYk;.

nejh;yhe;J 0.114

cyfshtpa re;ijfspy; Nghl;bj; jd;ikia mjpfhpj;jy; (Nkyjpf epjp)

mnkhpf;fh 11.689

r%fj;Jf;F ,ilapy; trjpfsw;w ,yf;fhff; nfhs;sg;gl;l FOf;fis xd;wpizj;jy;.

mnkhpf;fh 9.347

rkhjhdk;> ey;yhl;rp> Fb kf;fspd; chpikfs;

mnkhpf;fh 8.99

rkhjhd nrad;Kiw Mjutspf;fg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lk;

mnkhpf;fh 12.13



3.4.5 vjph;fhyj;jpy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

gpd;tUk; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; Nkiyj;NJa ed;nfhilahsh;fspd; cjtpAld; vjph;fhyj;jpy; eilKiwg;gLj;jtjw;F ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sd.

ml;ltiz 3.9

fUj;jpl;lk; ehzak;; I.m nlh.

kpy;ypad; mk;gj;jis ePh; guhkhpg;Gg; nghwpapd; rf;jp ghJfhg;Gf; fUj;jpl;lk;

A+Nuh 31

ghhpa ,uj;jpdGhp ePh; toq;fy; fUj;jpl;lk; A+Nuh 25

kfpaq;fid ePh; toq;fy; fUj;jpl;lk; A+Nuh 10

Ntaq;nfhil Nkk;ghyj;jpd; eph;khzk; A+Nuh 11

fpuhkpag; ghyq;fspd; eph;khzk; nggpg 35

gJis `hypviy ePh; toq;fy; fUj;jpl;lk; I.m.nlh 80

mk;ghe;Njhl;il khtl;l nghJ itj;jparhiyapd; mgptpUj;jp

A+Nuh 46

Etnuypah khtl;l nghJ itj;jparhiyapd; mgptpUj;jp

A+Nuh 39

fpuhkpag; ghyq;fspd; fUj;jpl;lk; I.m.nlh 55

3.5 ,U gf;f fpof;Fg; gphpT

3.5.1 rPdh

,yq;if murhq;fk; rPdhtplkpUe;J ed;nfhil kw;Wk; fld; Mfpa tbtq;fspy; epjp cjtpapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wJ. rPd murhq;fj;jpdhy;; ed;nfhilfSk;> tl;bapy;yhf; fld;fSk; toq;fg;gLk; mNj Ntis> fld;fis rPd Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp tq;fp> rPd mgptpUj;jp tq;fp> kw;Wk; rPd ifj;njhopy; th;j;jf tq;fp

Mfpad toq;Ffpd;wd .

2007 – 2011Mk; Mz;L tiuapyhd fle;j Ie;J Mz;L fhyg;gphptpy; rPdhtpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg; gl;l mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs;; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 2>126 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. fle;j Ie;J tUl fhyg;gphptpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fspd; nkhj;jj; njhifapy;> cah; epiyapyhd mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; 2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;njhifahdJ If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 785 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jNjhL> mj;njhif fle;j Ie;J tUl fhyg;gphptpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fspy; 37 rjtPjj;;jpidg; gpujpgypj;jJ. ,e;epjpapy; rPd Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp tq;fpapdhy; ehtw;Fop - kd;dhh; (V32) tPjpapy; 67 fp. kP Gj;jsk; - kd;dhh; - khpr;rpfil (gP379) tPjpapy; 113 fp. kPw;wiu Gdh; eph;khzk; nra;tjw;fhf njw;Ff; fLfjpg;ghijapy; gpsd;dJitapy; ,Ue;J nfhlfik tiuapyhd gFjpia eph;khzpg;gjw;fhf Cth khfhzj;jpy; kpd; tpsf;fplYf;F (Cth cjhda) mtrpakhd cgfuzq;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;F I.m.nlh. 285 kpy;ypad; rPd mgptpUj;jp tq;fpapdhy; Kd;Dhpik tPjpia mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd fUj;jpl;lk;

fl;lk; II ,w;F I.m.nlh. 500 kpy;ypad;fspd; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;;gl;lJ



fle;j Ie;J tUl fhyg;gphptpy; rPdhtpypUe;J fpilf;fg; ngw;w nkhj;jg; gfph;Tfs; 1>206 kpy;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fshFk;. mj;njhifapy; 2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nkhj;jg; gfph;T I.m.nlh. 317 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. 2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nkhj;jg; gfph;tpy; cah; epiyapyhd gfph;thd 91 kp;y;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fs; tlf;F tPjpapd; Gdh; eph;khzf; fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;Fg; gfpug;gl;Ls;sJ. 2011Mk; Mz;by; Nkw;;nfhs;sg;gl;l nkhj;jg; gfph;tpy;> KiwNa Kd;Dhpik mspf;fg;gl;l tPjpfspd; tpUj;jp kw;Wk; nfhOk;G fl;Lehaf;fh fLfjpg; ghijf; fUj;j;pl;lk; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F 60.5 kpy;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fSk;> 53 kp;y;ypad; I.f;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fSk; gfpug;gl;Ls;sd.

.

tiuG : 3.9 rPdhtpd; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fSk;> gfph;TfSk; 2007 – 2011 ( I. m. nlh. kpy;ypad;)

Jiw thhpahd tpepNahfk;

fle;j Ie;J tUl fhyg;gphptpy;> rPd cjtpahdJ gpujhdkhf tPjpfSk; ghyq;fSk;> rf;jpAk; tYTk>; JiwKfk; kw;Wk;; tpkhd Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiwfspd;

mgptpUj;jpf;Nf ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. 2011Mk; Mz;by; rPdh murhq;fj;jpdhy; epjp cjtp toq;fg;gl;l nkhj;jf; fUj;jpl;lj; njhFjpapd; ngWkjp; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 2>522 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. ,j;njhifapy; cah; epiyapyhd njhif tPjpfSk;> ghyq;fSk; Jiwf;Nf gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,J If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 1>463 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jNjhL> 2011Mk; Mz;bd; rPdhtpd; nkhj;jf; fld; njhFjpapy; 58 rjtPjj;ijAk; gpujpgypj;jJ. 2011Mk; Mz;bd; rPdhtpd; nkhj;jf; fld; njhFjpapy; ,uz;lhtJ cah; epiyapyhd njhif> rf;jpAk; tYTk; Jiwapd; mgptpUj;jpf;Nf gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mJ ,f;fhyg;gphptpy; rPdhtpd; nkhj;jf; fld; njhFjpapy; 20 rjtPjj;ijAk; gpujpgypj;jJ. JiwKfKk;> tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; JiwAk; Rkhh; 17 rjtPjj;jpidg; gad;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

tiuG 3.10 fld; njhFjpapd; tpepNahfk;

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

I.m.nlh. kpy;ypad;

tUlk;

mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs;

gfph;Tfs;

58%20%

15%

2%

5%

ghyq;fSk; tPjpfSk;rf;jpAk; tYTk;JiwKfKk;> fg;;gypy; ,lYk;



gpd;tUk; ,uz;L fUj;jpl;lq;fSk; 2011Mk; mz;by; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;ld.

1. khfk;Giw kfpe;j uh[gf;r JiwKfk; – fl;;lk; I

2. neYk; nghf;Fz kfpe;j uh[gf;r fiyauq;F

3.5.2 nfhhpah

nfhhpah murhq;fk;> ed;nfhilfs; kw;Wk; fld;fs; %yk; ,yq;iff;F mgptpUj;jp cjtpapid toq;Ffpd;wJ. ed;nfhil cjtp nfhhpah rh;tNjr xj;Jiog;G epWtdj;jpd; ClhfTk;> kw;Wk; fld; cjtp nfhhpah Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp (vf;rpk;) tq;fpapd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp xj;Jiog;G epjpapd; ClhfTk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 2011Mk; Mz;by; nfhhpahtpd; cjtpj; njhFjp; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 174.3 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jNjhL> 2011Mk; Mz;by; nkhj;jg; gfph;T I.m.nlh. 33.2 kpy;ypad;fshFk;. 2011Mk; Mz;by; nfhhpa epjpaspg;ghdJ gpujhdkhf tPjp mgptpUj;jp> ePh; toq;fYf;fhd Vw;ghL> njhopy; rhh; gapw;rp epWtdq;fis juKah;j;Jjy; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp xUq;fpizg;G epjpapy; ,Ue;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. fle;j Ie;J tUl fhyg;gphptpy; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp xUq;fpizg;G epjpapypUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l fld;fspd; tpNrl gz;Gfis vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;> 2000Mk; Mz;Lf;F Kjypy; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp xUq;fpizg;G epjpapypUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l fld;fSld; xg;gpLifapy;> 2009> 2010 kw;Wk; 2011Mk; Mz;Lfspy; mjpf mstpyhd rYif mbg;gilapyhd tl;b tPjq;fspYk; kw;Wk; ePz;l kPsr; nrYj;jy; fhyg;gphpTlDNk ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. fle;;j Ie;J tUl fhyg;gphptpy; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp xUq;fpizg;G epjpapypUe;J ngw;Wf;; nfhs;sg;gl;l fld;fSf;fhd tUlhe;j tl;b tPjk; 0.15 rjtPjkhf ,Ue;jNjhL> kPsr; nrYj;jy; fhyg;gphpthdJ 10 tUl jaTf; fhyg;gphpT cs;slq;fyhf 40 tUlq;fshFk;.

,uz;lhtJ Ntiyr;rl;lf Vw;ghL cld;gbf;if 2009 – 2012Mk; mz;L fhyg;gphptpy; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 200 kpy;ypad;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F mDkjp toq;Ftjd; %yk; 2010Mk; Mz;by; irfr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. NkYk;> 2011Mk; Mz;by;> jpz;kf; fopTfspd; ntspNaw;wj;Jf;fhd trjpaspg;Gf; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; eph;khzj;jpw;fhd If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 33.5 kpy;ypad;fs; kw;Wk; nfhOk;G njhopy;rhh; gapw;rp epiyak;; kw;Wk; fk;g`h njhopy;El;gf; fy;Yhhpf; fUj;jpl;lk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; ];jhgpg;Gf;F mtrpakhd If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;; 26.0 kpy;ypad;fs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;F mtrpakhd mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F mtrpakhd Vw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mjd; gpufhuk;> 2009Mk; Mz;bypUe;J 2012Mk; Mz;L tiuapyhd fhyg;gphptpd; Ntiyr;rl;lf Vw;ghLfspd; fPo; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhf cs;s If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 200 kpy;ypad;fspy; Rkhh;; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;

69.5 kpy;ypad;fs; mh;g;gzpg;gjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd.

nfhhpah murhq;fj;jpd; cgha kw;Wk; epjp mikr;R> nfhhpahtpd; mgptpUj;jp mDgtq;fis gfph;e;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; mjd; %yk; ehl;bd; r%f nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpia Cf;Ftpg;gjw;Fk; mwpitg; gfph;e;J nfhs;tjw;fhd epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; xd;iw 2011Mk; Mz;by; mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. ,e;epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;> njhlh;Gila mikr;Rf;fs; kw;Wk; ,izf;fg;gl;l epWtdq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; 10 mYtyh;fs; 2011Mk; Mz;by;> Vw;WkjpapidAk; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L Neub KjyPl;bidAk; Cf;Ftpj;jYk;> rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju mstpyhd njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; Jiwapd; Nghl;bj; jd;ikia mjpfhpj;jy; Nghd;wtw;Wld; njhlh;Gila xU thuj;Jf;fhd fy;tpg; gazk; xd;iw Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd tha;g;gpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ldh;.



3.5.3 mT];jpNuypah

,yq;if 30 tUlq;fSf;Fk; Nkyhf mT];jpNuypa murhq;fj;Jld; cwitg; Ngzp tUtNjhL> vkJ ehL gy;NtW ntspehl;L cjtpfs;> kw;Wk; th;j;jff; fld;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; fPo; gy;NtW mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffSf;F ed;ik mile;Js;sJ.

mT];jpNuypah> gytPdkhd twpa rKjhaj;Jf;F Ntiy cUthf;fk;> tptrha hPjpahd cw;gj;jp> kw;Wk; r%f mgptpUj;jp Nghd;wtw;wpw;F Mjutspg;gjw;F ePz;l fhy mgptpUj;j;p cjtpfisj; njhlh;e;J toq;fp tUfpd;wJ. 2011Mk; Mz;;by;> mth;fsJ cjtp gpujhdkhf Nkhjypdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; cs; ehl;by; ,lk; ngah;e;j kf;fspd; kPs;FbNaw;wk; > Gdh; eph;khzk;> mopTw;w cl;llikg;Gf;fis Gdh; eph;khzk; nra;jy; (ghlrhiyfs;> tPlikg;G ePh; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy; trjpfs;) Nghd;w gpujhd Kd;Dhpik JiwfisAk;> njhopy; hPjpahd fy;tp cjtp kw;Wk; gapw;rpapd; Clhf > kf;fs; jkJ tho;thjhuj;ij NjLtjw;Fk;> epiyahd tptrhak; my;yJ kPd;gpb eltbf;iffis Muk;gpg;gjw;F MjuT toq;fYk;> ,lk; ngah;e;j kf;fs;> ,y;yj;jurpfs;> tyJ Fiwe;Njhh;> Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp kw;Wk; murhq;f Nritfs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd tpUj;jpAw;w milTfspd; Clhf r%f ghJfhg;G gyg;gLj;jy; Mfpadtw;iw ikakhff; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

tpUj;jpAw;w ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwfs;> czT tsq;fs;> rpwe;j kpUf Rfhjhuk;> rpwe;j Kiwapy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l gz;izfs;> Mfpadtw;iw mwpKfk; nra;tjd; %yk; ghw;gz;izf; if;j;njhopiy Cf;Ftpf;Fk; Nehf;fj;Jld; 2011Mk; Mz;by; ghw;gz;iz kpUfq;fis ,wf;Fkjp nra;tJ njhlh;ghd fUj;jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;ld. Nfhg;gNUl;bt; nrd;l;uy; nra;nga;nrd;- nghud;yPd; Ngq;f; xg; nejh;yhz;l; kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp epjpf; fhg;GWjpf; $l;Lj;jhgdk; - mT];jpNuypah Mfpadtw;wplkpUe;J I. m. Nlh. 12>944>058 I ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;fhd fld; cld;gbf;if 2011Mk; Mz;by; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ.

murhq;fj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ntz;;LNfhis ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L> mT];jpNuypah murhq;fk; 2010Mk; mz;by; 18 Gyikg;ghprpy;fisAk;> 2011 Mk; mz;by; 29 Gyikg;ghprpy;fisAk; murhq;fg; gzpahsh;fSf;Fk;> kw;Wk; ,sk; cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSf;Fk; gpujhd Jiwfspy; mth;fsJ kdpj ts ,aystpid tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf mT];jpNuypahtpd; gy;fiyf; fofq;fspy; KJkhzpg; gl;lg;gbg;ig Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F toq;fg;gl;lJ.

3.5.4 kNyrpah flTr;rPl;Lfis mr;rpLtjw;Fk;> kw;Wk; vspikahf;fg;gl;l Kiwiknahd;Wf;Fkhd mdh;j;j kPsilT gpd; efh;T Kiwikapid mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;F 2007Mk; Mz;by; kNyrpah murhq;fj;jplk; ,Ue;J; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 2 kpy;ypad;fis tl;baw;w fldhfg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. ,J kNyrpah murhq;fj;jplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l KjyhtJ fldhFk;. gpd;dh; kPz;Lk; ,yq;if JiwKf mjpfhu rigf;F 50 myFfs; Kida buf;lh;fis toq;Ftjw;fhf 2011Mk; Mz;by; kNyrpah murhq;fj;;jplk; ,Ue;J If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 4.0 kpy;ypad;fis fldhfg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ.



3.6 kj;jpa fpof;Fk; rhh;f; gphpTk;

3.6.1 kj;jpa fpof;F gpuhe;jpak;

kj;jpa fpof;Fg; gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;Fs; cs;slq;Fk;; mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fshd <uhd;> Fitl;> rt+jp mNugpah> Nghd;w ehLfSk;> muhgpa nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;fhd xngf; epjp Nghd;wd tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpypU;e;jhd mgptpUj;jp cjtpfs; rYif mbg;gilapyhd fld;fs; kw;Wk; ed;nfhilfs; vd;w tbtpy; fpilf;fg; ngw;Ws;sd. ,t;tpUgf;f kw;Wk; gy gf;f mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fsplkpUe;J gpujhdkhf tPjpfs;> ePh;g;ghrdk;> fy;tp kw;Wk; Rfhjhuj; JiwfSf;Nf fzprkhd

mstpyhd ntspehl;L epjp ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

njd; fpof;F gy;fiyf; fofk; fl;lk; I – gP fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Fitl; epjpapd; %yk; 2011Mk; Mz;by; ,e;ehLfspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nkhj;j mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 10.88 kpy;ypad;;fshFk;. 2011Mk; Mz;by;; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 27 kpy;ypad;fs; kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy; ,Ue;J gfpug;gl;lNjhL> mj;njhifapy; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;; 20 kpy;ypad;fs; 2010Mk; Mz;by; gfpug;gl;l njhifia tpl mjpfkhf ,Ue;jJ.

2011Mk; Mz;bd; kj;jpa fpof;Fg; gphptpd; fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; gfph;Tfs;

ml;ltiz 3.10

mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh; I.m.nlh. kpy;ypad;

rT+jp epjp 0.8

Fitl; epjp 5.5

Xngf; 3.8

<uhd; 17

2011Mk; Mz;by; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

ml;ltiz 3.11 2011Mk; Mz;by; kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspdhy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ngah; fld;

ed;nfhil / I. m. nlh

<uhd; ckh Xah ePh; kpd;rhu kw;Wk; ePh;g;ghrdf; fUj;jpl;lk; 450.00

fpuhkpa kpd;rhukakhf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk; 82.90

cg nkhj;jk; 532.9

Fitl;

ghyq;fspd; Gdh; eph;khz GdUj;jhuz fUj;jpl;lk; 11.13

%d;whe;juf; fy;tp kw;Wk; eph;thfj;ijg; gyg;gLj;jy; 20.54

nkhwnfhy;iy ePh; kpd;rhu fUj;jpl;lk; – rhj;jpa ts

Ma;T (ed;nfhil)

0.85

,yq;if njd; fpof;F gy;fiyf;fof mgptpUj;jp1-m 6.92



,yq;if njd; fpof;F gy;fiyf;fofk mgptpUj;jp 1 - m kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp 1- M

10.5

fSfq;if mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; 35.00

cg nkhj;jk; 84.94

rT+jp epjp

fhf;if typ njhlh;ghd itj;jparhiy kw;Wk; Rfhjhu epiyaq;fs; fUj;jpl;lk;

20.02

fS fq;if mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; 46.00

cg nkhj;jk;

66.02

Xngf; epjp Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs; Jiw mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; 8.00

fS fq;if mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; 16.00

cg nkhj;jk;

24.00

nkhj;jk;

707.86

2011Mk; Mz;by; mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

mgptpUj;jpf;fhd Fitl; epjp ,yq;if njd; fpof;F gy;fiyf;fofk; mgptpUj;jp 1 – MfUj;jpl;lj;Jf;F I.m.nlh. 10.5 kpy;ypad;fs; toq;fpAs;sNjhL> 2011Mk; Mz;by;

cld;gbf;if ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fl;lk; 1 – M fy;tpf;fhd mj;jpahtrpakhd cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;tNjhL.> ehl;bd; Njrpa NjitfisAk;> gpuhe;jpa NjitfisAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtjw;F mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; ,yq;if njd; fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; Gjpa Nfs;tpiar; nrYj;Jk; gl;lg; gbg;Gfis mwpKfg;gLj;JtNjhL> mjd; %yk; ,yq;ifapd; r%f nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;F Mjutspf;fpd;wJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; 2014Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjk; 31Me;jpfjpapy; g+h;j;jp nra;tjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

2011Mk; Mz;by; epfo;e;j tpNrl epfo;Tfs;

[dthp: nfsut (Nguhrphpah;) [P vy; .gPhp];> ntspehl;L mYty;fs; mikr;rh;

nth;fspd; Fitl;Lf;fhd tp[ak;.

khh;r;: rt+jp epjpapd; > njhopy;El;gj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; gzpg;ghsh; ehafk;> nghwpapayhsh; nkh`kl; v]; my; Mhpg; nfhOk;G itj;jparhiyapy; eph;khzpf;fg;gl;l euk;G itj;jpak; njhlh;ghd gphpit jpwe;J itf;Fk; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; fye;J nfhz;lhh;.

brk;gh;: jpU. N`rhk; my; tfhahd;> gpujpg;; gzpg;ghsh; ehafk;> Fitl; epjp> kw;Wk; jpU. tyPj; my;-g`hh;> fpof;F njd; Mrpah kw;Wk; gRgpf; ehLFSf;fhd gpuhe;jpa

Kfhikahsh;> Fitl; epjp njd; fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpd; 1 – M fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd fld; cld;gbf;ifiaf; ifr;rhj;jpLtjw;F r%fkspj;jpUe;jhh;.

3.6.2 rhh;f; ehLfs;

,e;jpah

,e;jpah fld;fs; kw;Wk; ed;nfhilfs; Mfpa tbtq;fspy; ,yq;iff;F mgptpUj;jp cjtpapid toq;FfpwJ. fld; thpirahdJ> ,e;jpahtpd; Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp (vf;rpk;)



tq;fpapd; ClhfTk;> ed;nfhil cjtp> ,e;jpa murhq;;fj;jpdhy; NeubahfTk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ

2011Mk; Mz;bw;fhd ,e;jpahtpd; nkhj;j mh;g;gzpg;G I.m.nlh. 9 kpy;ypad; ed;nfhilfshFk;. 2011Mk; mz;by; ve;jnthU mh;g;gpzg;Gk; fld; epjp %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glhtpl;lhYk; $l mf;fhyg;gphptpy; I.m.nlh 382 kpy;ypad;fis mh;g;gzpg;gjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

2007 – 2011 Mk; Mz;L tiuapyhd fle;j Ie;J tUl fhyg;gphptpw;fhd ,e;jpahtpd;

nkhj;jg; gfph;Tfs;;; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 298.1 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jJ. 2007 –

2011 Mk; Mz;L tiuapyhd fle;j Ie;J tUl fhyg;gphptpw;fhd nkhj;jg; gfph;Tfspy; cah epiyapyhd gfph;T 2011Mk; Mz;by; mwpf;ifaplg;gl;lJ. mJ; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 208 kpy;ypad;fshfNth my;yJ fle;j Ie;J tUl fhyg;g;phptpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nkhj;jg; gfph;tpy; 70 rjtPjkhfTk;; ,Ue;jJ

2011 Mk; Mz;by; ,e;jpahtpd; cjtpj; njhifahdJ; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 708 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jNjhL> mjpy; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;; 680 kpy;ypad;fs; fld; cjtpahf toq;fg;gl;litahFk;. ,e;jpahtpd; ,f;fld; cjtpahdJ gpujhdkhf Gifapuj tPjpfspd; mgptpUj;jp> rf;jp cUthf;fk;> ePh; toq;fypd; Vw;ghL> ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J %yjdg; nghUl;fis ,wf;Fkjp nra;jy; Nghd;wtw;;Wf;Nf gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

NkYk;> fle;j Ie;J tUlq;fshf ,e;jpahtpdhy; toq;fg;gl;l ed;nfhil cjtp Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. 2011Mk; Mz;bd; ,e;jpahtpd; nkhj;j epjpaspg;Gj; njhFjpahd If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 708 kpy;ypad;fspy;; 38 kpy;ypad; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fs; ed;nfhil cjtpahFk;. ,e;jpah murhq;fj;jpd;; ed;nfhil cjtpahdJ tpNrl mgptpUj;jp fUj;jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; rpwpa mgptpUj;jp fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; fPo; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. tpNrl mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; fPo; ,e;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; ed;nfhil cjtp ghhpa mstpyhd mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;Nf toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mjd; gpufhuk;> ,yq;if murhq;fk; fle;j Ie;J tUl fhyg;gphptpy; ,e;jpah murhq;fj;jpd; ed;nfhil cjtpahd &gh 1>200 kpy;ypad; nrytpy; 1000 khjphp tPLfis eph;khzpg;gjw;Fk;> &gh 1>200 kpy;ypad; nrytpy; bf;Nfhah M];gj;jphpia eph;khzpg;gjw;Fk;> &gh 2>600 kpy;ypad; nrytpy; fhq;Nfre;Jiw JiwKfj;jpid GdUj;jhuzk; nra;jy;> &gh 309.81 kpy;ypad; nrytpy; njhopyrhh;; gapw;rp epiyaq;fis te;jhwKiy> xe;jhr;rpklk; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; eph;khzpj;jy; kw;Wk; ;> &gh 205.39 kpy;ypad; nrytpy; njhopy;rhh;; gapw;rp epiyak; xd;iw Etnuypahtpy; eph;khzpj;jy; Nghd;wdtw;wpw;F epjp trjpfis toq;Ftjw;fhfNt ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

rpwpa mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; fPo; ,e;jpah murhq;fk;> xU fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;F cah;e;j gl;rk; &gh 300 kp;y;ypad;;fis ,yq;iff;F ed;nfhil cjtpahf toq;FfpwJ. kUj;Jt cgfuzq;fis toq;Fjy;> kPd; gpb cgfuzq;fs;> $iuj;

jfLfs;, gid mgptpUj;jp epWtdj;jpd; Gdh; eph;khzk; nra;jy;> tl khfhzj;jpd; ghlrhiyfisg; Gdh; eph;khzk; nra;jy;> mr;RNtypapy; cs;s ifj;njhopy; tyaj;jpid Gdh; eph;khzk; nra;jy; Mfpad 2011Mk; Mz;by; ,e;jpahtpd; rpwpa mgptpUj;jp fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,e;jpahtpdhy; toq;fg;gl;l ed;nfhil cjtpapd; %yk; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

ghfp];jhd;

2011Mk; Mz;by; ghfp];jhd; murhq;fk; fk;g`htpy; cs;s ghG]; ]yhk; kfh tpj;jpahyaj;jpd; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf 2011Mk; mz;by;



I.m.nlh 125>000 ed;nfhilfis toq;fpaJ. NkYk;> murhq;fk; ghfp];jhdpy; ,Ue;J fhy;eilfisAk;> ,ae;jpuq;fisAk;> kw;Wk; %yjd cgfuzq;fisAk; ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjw;F If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 200 kpy;ypad;fSf;fhd Vw;Wkjp fld; trjpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F ghfp];jhd; murhq;fj;Jld; fye;Jiuahly;fis Kd;ndLj;Js;sJ.

3.7 If;fpa ehLfs;; gphpT

If;fpa ehLfs; epWtdj;jpd; fPo; nraw;gl;L tUk; tptrha mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rh;tNjr

epjp> (IFAD), If;fpa ehLfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; (UNDP);> czT kw;Wk;

tptrha mikg;G (FAO), If;fpa ehLfs; rpWth; epjp (UNICEF), cyf Rfhjhu

mikg;G (WHO), cyf czT mikg;G (WFP), If;fpa ehLfs; rdj;njhif epjp

(UNFPA), If;fpa ehLfs; mfjpfSf;fhd cah; ];jhdpfh; (UNHCR), If;fpa ehLfs; tPlikg;G kw;Wk; rh;tNjr njhopy; mikg;G Nghd;w mikg;Gf;fSld; ,yq;if tpidj; jpwdhd xU cwT Kiwia fl;bnaOg;gpAs;sJ. ,yq;iff;fhd If;fpa ehLfspd; cjtp gpujhdkhf ed;nfhil tbtj;jpNyNa fpilf;fg; ngWfpd;wJ. MapDk;> tptrha mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rh;tNjr epjpapdhy; toq;fg;gLk; ntspehl;L epjp rYif mbg;gilapyhd fld;fspd; ClhfNt toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. fle;j Ie;J tUl fhyg;g;phptpy; tptrha mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rh;tNjr epjpapy; ,Ue;Jk;> Vida If;fpa ehLfs; epWtdq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; fpilf;fg; ngw;w epjp KiwNa If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 91.55 kpy;ypad;fshfTk;> If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 655.14 kpy;ypad;fshfTk; ,Ue;jd.

Xt;nthU Ie;J tUl fhyg;gphptpw;Fk;> If;fpa ehLfs; epWtdKk;> ,yq;if murhq;fKk; xd;wpize;J vjph;fhyj;jpy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba fUj;jpl;lq;fis tFj;J> murhq;fj;jpd; mgptpUj;jpf; nfhs;if Ntiyr;rl;lfj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Kd;Dhpikfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;;L> If;fpa ehLfs;

mgptpUj;jp cjtpf; nfhs;if Ntiyr; rl;lfj;ij (UNDAF) jahhpf;Fk;. mjd; gpufhuk;> 2007Mk; Mz;by; ,yq;if murhq;fj;Jf;Fk;> If;fpa ehLfs; epWtdj;Jf;Fk;

,ilapy; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;l 2008 – 2012Mk; Mz;LfSf;fhd > If;fpa ehLfs;

mgptpUj;jp cjtpf; nfhs;if Ntiyr; rl;lfj;ij (UNDAF) ,yq;ifapd; mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffSf;fhf eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 365 kpy;ypad;fs; xJf;fg;gl;ld.


2008 – 2012Mk; Mz;LfSf;fhd If;fpa ehLfspd; mgptpUj;jp cjtpf; nfhs;if

Ntiyr; rl;lfj;ij (UNDAF) mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L> tptrhak;> fy;tp> Rw;whly;> mdh;j;j epthuzk;> ePh;> fpuhkpa kw;Wk; tho;thjhu mgptpUj;jp Mfpa Jiwfspy; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Kd;Dhpik ngw;w fUj;jpl;lq;fSk;> epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSk;; ,dq;fhzg;gl;ld. 2011Mk; Mz;by; gpd;tUk; gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhd cld;gbf;iffs; ,yq;if murhq;fj;Jf;Fk;> If;fpa ehLfspd; epWtdq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;ld. 2011Mk; Mz;by; cyf czT epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs;; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 48.9 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ue;jNjhL> ,J rfy If;fpa ehLfs; epWtdj;jpdhYk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nkhj;j mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fspy; cah;thd gq;ifg; (71.77rjtPjk;) gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.



ml;ltiz 3.12 2011Mk; Mz;bd; mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; (I. m. nlh. kpy;ypad;)

epWtdk; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ngah; njhif (I. m. nlh. kpy;ypad;)

ctpm FAO

tlf;fpy; cs;s cs;ehl;by; ,lk; ngah;e;jth;fSf;F mtrpakhd tptrha cs;sPLfspd; mtru Vw;ghL

5.0

tlf;F xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l tptrha hPjpahd kPsilTfSk;> tsh;r;rpAk;

4.0

njd; Mrpahtpy; epiyahd fhzp Kfhikj;JtKk;> fhyepiy khw;wj;jpd; nghUe;Jk; jd;ik (gpuhe;jpa fUj;jpl;lk;)

0.5

tl khfhzj;jpy; cs;s cs;ehl;by; ,lk; ngah;e;jth;fSf;fhd mtru tptrha cjtp

0.1

Iehmc]; UNHCR

,yq;ifapy; cs;ehl;by; ,lk; ngah;e;jth;fs; jpUk;Gtjw;Fk;> kPs xd;wpizg;gjw;Fkhd cjtp

0.83

Ccep WFP

ePbj;J epiyj;J epw;Fk; epthuzKk;> kPsiltpd; nraw;ghLk; 40.0 mtru nraw;ghL 8.9

Iehifmm UNIDO

njhopy;El;g xj;Jiog;gpd; ehl;Lf;fhd epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; 8.8

3.7.2. 2011Mk; Mz;bd; gfph;Tfs;

gpd;tUk; tiuglj;jpy; fhl;bAs;sJ Nghy> 2011Mk; Mz;by; cyf czT epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpdhYk;> If;fpa ehLfs; rh;tNjr rpWth; epjpapdhYk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l gfph;T KiwNa If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 40.14 kpy;ypad;;fSk;> If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 23.5 kpy;ypad;fSk; MFk;. KjyhtJ $Ljyhd gfph;tpid (nkhj;jg; gfph;tpy; 38.86 rjtPjk;) cyf czT epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; cjtpapd; fPo; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk;> ,uz;lhtJ $Ljyhd gfph;T (22.75 rjtPjk;) If;fpa ehLfs; rpWth; epjpapd; epjp cjtpapd; fPo; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yKk; mwpf;ifaplg;glLs;sJ.

tiuglk; 3.11 2011,d; gfph;Tfs; (I. m. nlh. kpy;ypad;)

3.7.3. 2011Mk; Mz;by; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fs;

2011Mk; Mz;by; kPd;gpb> fhy;eil> Rw;whly; kw;Wk; tho;thjhu mgptpUj;jpj; JiwfSld; njhlh;Gila gpd;tUk; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;ld.

0

10

20

30

40

50



tiuglk; 3.13

fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ngah; njhif (I. m. nlh.

kpy;ypad;) ctpm FAO

,yq;ifapy; ehzag; nghUshsh;fspd; gq;Nfw;Gld; kPd;fis jiuapwf;Fk; epiyaq;fspd; kWrPuikg;Gk;> tpUj;jpAk;

4.7

ghw;gz;iz fhy;eilfspdJk; vUikfspdJk; tpUj;jp

0.3

njd; khfhzj;jpy; ePhpay; ts mgptpUj;jp

0.4

I.eh.m epjp vr;rPvg;rP Kfhikj;Jtj; jpl;lj;ijj; jahhpj;jy;

0.1

fhyepiy khw;wk; njhlh;ghd ,uz;lhtJ Njrpa njhlh;ghly;

0.4

ccep WFP

ePbj;J epiyj;J epw;Fk; epthuzKk;> kPs milTr; nraw;ghLk;.

40.0

3.7.4 mtru cjtp

2011Mk; Mz;by;> ngUk;ghYk; 300>000 FLk;gq;fs; tl Nky; khfhzj;jpYk;> fpof;F khfhzj;jpYk; vjph;ghuhj Kiwapy; epfo;e;j gyj;j kioapd; jhf;fj;jpd; fhuzkhf jkJ nrhe;j ,Ug;gplq;fis tpl;L ,lk; ngau Ntz;b epfo;e;jJ. ,e;j ,f;fl;lhd epiyikapy;> ,yq;if murhq;fk; cyf czT epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;> czT kw;Wk; tptrha mikg;G> If;fpa ehLfs; rh;tNjr rpWth; epjp> cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk;> kw;Wk; If;fpa ehLfs; rdj;njhif epjp Nghd;w If;fpa ehLfs; epWtdq;fs; ,yq;if murhq;fj;Jf;F cjtp toq;Ftjw;F Kd; te;jd. cjhuzkhf> cyf czT epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;> 500>000 gadhspfSf;F 1.267 nkl;hpf; njhd; fyg;G cztpid toq;fpaNjhL> 16>500 jha;khh;fSk;> rpWth;fSk;> mth;fsJ ke;j Nghrhf;fpid ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd cjtpia toq;Ftjw;fhf jahhpf;fg;gl;l cztpid toq;Ftjd; %yk; jdJ Mjutpid toq;fpaJ. NkYk;> czT kw;Wk; tptrha mikg;G 40>000 FLk;gq;fSf;F ney; tpijfisAk; tPl;Lj; Njhl;lg; nghjpfisAk; 24>000 FLk;gq;fSf;F Vida czTg; gaph;fisAk; toq;Ftjd; %yKk;; rpwpa ePh;g;ghrdf; fhy;tha;fisj; jpUj;jpaikg;gjd; %yKk; ney;> kuf;fwp> kw;Wk; Vida czTg; gaph;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; cw;gj;jpia mjpfhpg;gjpy; kpf Kf;fpa gq;if vLj;jJ. re;ijapy; kuf;fwpfs; kw;Wk; Vida gaph;fspd; re;ij tpiyiaf; Fiwg;gjw;F ,J nghpJk; cjtpAs;sJ. ,yq;if murhq;fk; 19>000 fw;Nghh; rPUil> 414 fUk;gyiffs;> 257 fspahl;l cilfs;> kw;Wk; ghlrhiyiar; Rj;jg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf 7>000 If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fSk; If;fpa ehLfs; rh;tNjr rpWth; epjpapypUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

3.7.5 eilKiwg;;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba fUj;jpl;lq;fSk;> epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSk;

,yq;if murhq;fj;jplk; ,Ue;J Nrhkhypah kw;Wk; fpof;F Mgphpf;fh Mfpa ehLfspy; gQ;rj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s kf;fSf;F czT ed;nfhil

Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s cs;ehl;by; ,lk; ngah;e;j kf;fspd; Nghrhf;F epiyikapid mjpfhpg;gjw;fhf ,yq;if murhq;fk; cyf czT epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf cjtpapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. murhq;fj;jpdhy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l jdpg;gl;l Gdh; tho;T epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; fhuzkhf> kPs; FbNaw;w nrad;Kiw Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; kjpg;gplf; $ba nrayhw;Wifia Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jd; tpisthf> ,yq;ifapy; Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; jw;NghJ cs;ehl;by; ,lk; ngah;e;j kf;fs; vtUk; ,;y;iy.



jw;NghJ ,yq;ifapy; msTf;F mjpfkhf ney;; tpisr;ry; fpilf;fg; ngWtNjhL> vjph;tUk; Nghfq;fspYk; Nkyjpfkhd tpisr;riyg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mjd; gpufhuk;> ,yq;if murhq;fk;> Nrhkhypah kw;Wk; fpof;F Mgphpf;f ehLfspy; gQ;rj;jpdhYk;> twl;rpapdhYk; ghjpf;fg;gl;;l kf;fSf;F cyf czT epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; czT cjtp Kaw;rpfspd; Clhf cjtp toq;Ftjw;fhd eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; ehzag; nghUshsh;fspd; gq;Nfw;Gld; kPd;fis jiuapwf;Fk; epiyaq;fspd; kWrPuikg;Gk;> tpUj;jpAk;

“Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; ehzag; nghUshsh;fspd; gq;Nfw;Gld; kPd;fis jiuapwf;Fk;

epiyaq;fspd; kWrPuikg;Gk;> tpUj;jpAk; fUj;jpl;lk;” czT kw;Wk; tptrha mikg;gpdhy; epjp cjtp toq;fg;gl;l gpujhd fUj;jpl;lq;fspy; xd;whf ,Ug;gNjhL> ,f;fUj;jpl;lk; fiuNahu kPd; gpbj; Jiwapd; Gdh; eph;khzj;ijAk;> mgptpUj;jpiaAk; ikakhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd milTfshf> ehl;bd; tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;Fg; gpuNjrq;;fis cs;slf;Fk;; 13 fiuNahu khtl;lq;fs;py; 40 kPd;fis jiuapwf;Fk; epiyaq;fspd; Gdh; eph;khz Ntiyfs;> Ky;iyj;jPtpy; Gjpa kPdt mYtyff; fl;llj;j;jpd; eph;khzk;> kw;Wk; ,aysitf; fl;bnaOg;gy; Nghd;wd cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;;wd.

,f;fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;fhf nkhj;jk;; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 4.9 kpy;ypad;fspd;; ed;nfhil cjtpahdJ czT kw;Wk; tptrha mikg;gpd; Clhf fNdba rh;tNjr mgptpUj;jp mikg;gpdhy;; toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lkhdJ vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l Fwpf;Nfhs;fis miltjd; %yk; 2011Mk; Mz;L; nrg;njk;gh; khjk; ,Wjpapy; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;lJ.

3.7.6 njw;F njw;F xj;Jiog;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;

mur gzpahsh;fspd; ,aysit tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf If;fpa ehLfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; xj;Jiog;Gld; njw;F njw;F epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpid murhq;fk; eilKiwg;gLj;jpaJ. ,J mur gzpahsh;fis tpkhd bf;fl;il toq;Ftjd; %yk;; ntspehLfspy; gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fspy; fye;J nfhs;tjw;F cjTfpwJ. NkYk;> njw;F njw;F xj;Jiog;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; mur epWtdq;fSf;F rh;tNjr epGzh;fspd; njhopy;El;g mwptpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F cjTfpwJ.

mjd; gpufhuk;> 2011Mk; Mz;by; 11 mur gzpahsh;fs;> ,yj;jpudpay; muR> Rw;whly;> kw;Wk; Rj;jg;gLj;Jk; njhopy;El;gq;fs; Mfpa Jiwfspy; FWfpa fhy gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;F njw;F njw;F ehLfSf;F mDg;gg;gl;ldh;. NkYk;> ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;j;pd; fPo; ,yq;ifapd; thioehh; ifj;njhopiy mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;F cjtf; $ba thio ehh; nrayhf;f mgptpUj;jpapd; ngWkjpr; Nrh;f;if cw;gj;jp njhlh;ghf ,yq;if tptrhapfspd; mwpitAk;> jpwidAk; tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd ,aw;if ehh; njhopy;El;gk; njhlh;ghf ,uz;L ,e;jpa epGzh;fspd; Nritfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F ghuk;ghpa ifj;njhopy;fs; kw;Wk; rpwpa njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; mgptpUj;jp mikr;Rf;F cjtp toq;fg;gl;lJ.

,yq;ifapy; If;fpa ehLfs; njhz;lh;fs; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;

35 tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf ,yq;ifapd; mgptpUj;jpapy; If;fpa ehLfspd;; njhz;lh;fs; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; kpf ,d;wpaikahj gq;fspg;gpidr; nrYj;jp

te;Js;sJ. 2011Mk; Mz;by;> rh;tNjr kw;Wk; Njrpa If;fpa ehLfspd;



njhz;lh;fspd; Nritfs;; mdh;j;j ,lh; Kfhikj;Jtk;> fUj;jpl;l Kfhikj;Jtk;> mwpT Kfhikj;Jtk;> r%f Nritfs;> efo;r;rpj; jpl;l mgptpUj;jp> r%f jpul;L> fy;tp kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk; Nghd;w gy> gy;NtW mgptpUj;jpj; Jiwfspy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Nkyjpfkhf> If;fpa ehLfspd; njhz;lh;fs; ,yq;ifah;fis cs;ehl;by; khj;jpuky;yhJ ntspehLfspYk; If;fpa ehLfspd; njhz;lh;fshf Nrit Mw;Wtjw;F tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;fpf; nfhLg;gjpy; ngUk; gq;if tfpf;fpd;wJ. 40f;Fk; mjpfkhd ,yq;ifah;fs; 2011Mk; Mz;by; If;fpa ehLfspd; njhz;lh;fshf ntspehLfspy; Nrit Mw;wp te;Js;sdh;. Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fis toq;Ftjw;F Nkyjpfkhf> ,e;epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; jkJ mwpitAk;> mDgtq;fisAk; gfph;e;J nfhs;Sk; mNj Ntis> mt;twpitAk;> mDgtq;fisAk;> jpUk;gTk; jkJ ehl;by; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; tha;g;gpid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gNjhL> Vida ehLfspd; fyhrhuq;fspYk; njhz;lh;fshf Nrit Mw;Wtjw;Fk; tha;g;gpid toq;Ffpd;wJ.

3.7.7 tptrha mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rh;tNjr epjp

tptrha mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rh;tNjr epjp 1978Mk; Mz;bypUe;J ,yq;ifapd; gpujhd mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fSs; xd;whf tpsq;;fp te;Js;sJ. tptrha mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rh;tNjr epjpahdJ fpuhkpag; gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s 550>000 fpuhkpaf; FLk;gq;fSf;F ed;ikfis mspg;gjd; %yk; tWik xopg;Gf; fUj;jpl;lq;fSf;F Rkhh; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 400 kp;y;ypad;;fs; epjp cjtpapid toq;Ftjd; %yk; ,yq;ifapd; gyk; tha;e;j xU mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsuhf tpsq;fpAs;sJ. jw;NghJ> tptrha mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rh;tNjr epjpapd; epjp cjtpAld; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 113 kpy;ypad; ngWkjpahd nkhj;jf; fld; njhFjpAld; Ie;J fUj;jpl;lq;fs; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. mit> cyh; tya tho;thjhu MjuT kw;Wk; gq;Nfw;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; (I.m. nlh 22.5 kp;y;ypad;fs;)> Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;duhd fiuNahu Gdh; eph;khz ts Kfhikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; (I.m.nlh. 30 kpy;ypad;fs;)> Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;duhd cyh; tya tho;thjhu MjuT kw;Wk; gq;Nfw;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; (I.m. nlh 4.9 kp;y;ypad;fs;) rpW clik ngUe;Njhl;l njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; (I.m.nlh 22.5 kp;y;ypad;fs;)> Nghd;wdthFk;. Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;duhd fiuNahu Gdh; eph;khz ts Kfhikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpw;F Nkyjpf epjpahf If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fs; 7.8 kpy;ypad;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F 2009Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjk; 10Me;jpfjpad;W [P><.vg; kw;Wk; fNdba rh;tNjr mgptpUj;jp mikg;GlDk; ,uz;L cld;gbf;iffs; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;ld. NkYk;> Njrpa tptrhaj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l th;j;jf mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fs; 25 kpy;ypadfs;; epjp cjtpapid toq;Ftjw;F 2010Mk; Mz;by; tptrha mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rh;tNjr epjpAld; fld; cld;gbf;if xd;W ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. tptrhaj;Jiw ,yq;ifapd; tl khfhzj;jpd; nghUshjhuj;jpw;fhd gpujhd gq;fpw;F gq;fspg;Gr; nrYj;Jtjdhy;> ePh;g;ghrdj; Jiw mk;khfhzj;jpy; gpujhd gq;if tfpf;fpd;wJ. ,uizkL ePh;g;ghrdj; jpl;lj;jpd; jpUg;jpfukhd guhkhpg;gpid fle;j ,uz;L jrhg;jq;fshf Nkw;nfhs;s Kbahky; Nghdjd; fhuzkhf> mJ jw;NghJ mjd; rhj;jpakhd kl;lj;jpid tplf; Fiwthd kl;lj;jpw;F njhopw;gLtNjhL> Njhy;tp miltjw;fhd cah; mstpyhd ,lh; epiyikapYk;; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;> fpspnehr;rpg; gpuNjrj;jpy; ePh;g;ghrd cl;fl;likg;Gf;fis GdUj;jhuzk; nra;tjw;Fk;> tptrha cw;gj;jpfisAk;> re;ijg;gLj;jiyAk; tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

fUj;jpl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd epjp cjtpapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf cNuhkpy; cs;s tptrha mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rh;tNjr epjpapd; jiyikaf fhhpahyaj;jpy; 2011Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; khjk; 1Mk;> 2Mk; jpfjpfspy; tptrha mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rh;tNjr epjpAld; fld; Ngr;R thh;;j;ijfs; ntw;wpfukhf



Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. nkhj;jf; fUj;jpl;lr; nryT If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh;fs; 29.3 kpy;ypad;fshf ,Ug;gNjhL> mj;njhifapy; If;fpa mnkhpf;f nlhyh; 22.2 kpy;ypad;fis rYif mbg;gilapyhd epajpfs; kw;Wk; epge;jidfspd;; mbg;gilapy; toq;Ftjw;F tptrha mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rh;tNjr epjp ,zf;fk; njhptpj;Js;sJ. ,f;fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; fhyg;gphpT 5 tUlq;fshf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntis> fUj;jpl;lj;jpd;

ePh;g;ghrd cl;fl;likg;Gg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Gdh;; eph;khz Ntiyfs; 3 ½ tUl fhyg;gphptpw;Fs;; g+h;j;jp nra;ag;gLk;. fld; cld;gbf;ifahdJ 2012Mk; Mz;bd; Muk;g fhyg;gFjpapy; ifr;rhj;jpLtjw;F gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

3.8 kdpj tsq;fspd; mgptpUj;jpg; gphpT

2011Mk; Mz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; ntspehl;L ehl;L tsq;fs; jpizf;fsj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l kPs;fl;likg;Gr; nrad;Kiwapd; fhuzkhf ,j;jpizf;fsj;jpd; njhopy;El;g cjtpg; gphptpd; ngah; kdpj ts mgptpUj;jpg; gphpthf khw;wg;gl;lJ. njhopy;El;g xj;Jiog;gpd; fPo; kdpj ts mgptpUj;j;pf;fhf gy gf;f kw;Wk; ,U gf;f ed;nfhilahsh;fspdhy; toq;fg;gLk; ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fis eph;tfpg;gjw;F njhpT nra;ag;gl;l Njrpa njhlh;Gf; Nfe;jpu];jhdkhf ,j;jpizf;fsj;jpd; kdpj ts mgptpUj;jpg; gphpT tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. cw;gjj;pj; jpwd; tha;e;j jPh;khdq;fis vLg;gjd; %yKk;> nghJ kf;fSf;F tpidj; jpwd; tha;e;jJk;> cw;gj;jpj; jpwd; tha;e;jJkhd Nritfis toq;Ftjw;fhf murhq;f mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffis miltjw;F mur Jiwapd; kdpj tsq;fspd; mgptpUj;jpahdJ> kpf Kf;fpakhf cs;sJ.

gy;NtW mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fsplkpUe;J ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rpfis jpul;LtJk;> kw;Wk; mg;gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fis epuy; mikr;Rf;fs;> jpizf;fsq;fs;> khfhz rigfs;> kw;Wk; Vida mur epWtdq;fSf;F ,ilapy; tpepNahfpg;gJk; kdpj ts mgptpUj;jpg; gphptpd; gpujhd ngHWg;Gf;fSs; xd;whf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tpz;zg;gjhuh;fis ,dq;fhz;gjpy; mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fSf;F ,ilapYk;> epuy; mikr;Rf;fSf;F ,ilapYk; njhopy;El;g; xj;Jiog;gpid xUq;fpizg;gjw;fhd Njrpa njhlh;G ikakhf kdpj ts mgptpUj;jpg; gphpT nraw;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gzpapd; rPuhd njhopw;ghl;Lf;Fk;> ,g;gzpapd; ntspg;gilj; jd;ikiaAk;> nghWg;Gj; jd;ikiaAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> mjd; tpidj;jpwid tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; ntspehl;L tsq;fs; jpizf;fsk; ntspehl;L gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs; njhlh;ghd rfy jfty;fisAk;> njhpT nra;ag;gLk; tpz;zg;gjhhpfs; njhlh;ghfTk; gjptjw;fhd xU juT mbg;gilia Ngzp tUfpd;wJ. xt;nthU tUl Muk;gj;jpYk;> mikr;Rf;fs;> jpizf;fsq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida mur epWtdq;fspd; ntspehl;L gapw;rp njhlh;ghd Nfs;tpia ,dq;fhz;gjw;F msit xd;W elhj;jg;gLk;. msitapd; Clhf Nrfhpf;fg;gLk; juT> juT mbg;gilapy; cs;slf;fg;gl;L mjd; gpd;dh; mtw;iw mgptpuj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fspdhy; toq;fg;gLk; gapw;rpfSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd epWtdq;fisj; njhpT nra;J toq;fg;gLk;.

,yq;iff;F tUlhe;jk; 15f;Fk; mjpfkhd mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fsplkpUe;J Rkhh; 600 ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs; ePz;l fhy kw;Wk; (8 khjq;fs; my;yJ jw;F mjpfkhd) FWfpa fhy gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs; njhopy;El;g cjtp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; fpilf;fg; ngWfpd;wd

fle;j tUlq;fspy; fpilf;fg; ngw;w gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fSld; xg;gpLifapy;> 2011Mk; Mz;by; fpilf;fg;; ngw;w gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs; mjpfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mjd; gpufhuk;> 2011Mk; Mz;by; 723 ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs; fpilf;fg; ngw;wNjhL> mtw;wpy; 53 epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; ePz;l fhy gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fshfTk;> vQ;rpa 670 gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSk; FWfpa fhy gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fshfTk; fhzg;gl;ld. gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz 2012Mk; mz;L [dthp khjk; 1Me;jpfjpapypUe;J brk;gh; khjk; 31Me;jpfjp tiu fpilf;fg;ngw;w ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fis fhl;Lfpd;wJ.



ml;ltiz 3.14 – gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs;

mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh; tha;g;Gf;fspd; vz;zpf;if ePz;l fhy FWfpa fhy

Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp (ADB) - 70 nfhOk;Gj; jpl;lk; - 55 njhopy;El;g xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd nghJeytha epjp - 40 mT];jpNuypa murhq;fk; 18 - gpNwrpy; murhq;fk; - 7 rPd murhq;fk; 4 87 [g;ghdpa murhq;fk; 1 4 rpq;fg;g+h; murhq;fk; - 66 jha;yhe;J murhq;fk; 5 37 nfhhpah murhq;fk; 8 99 ,e;jpah – nfhOk;Gj; jpl;lk; - 16

,e;jpah - ITEC - 16 [g;ghdpa rh;tNjr xj;Jiog;G epWtdk; 17 152 rhh;f nrayfk; - 10 Vidait 11 cg nkhj;jk; 53 670 nkhj;jk; 723

mjpf mstpyhd gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; ( 24 rjtPPjk; ) [g;ghdpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gl;lNjhL> mit gpujhd [g;ghdpa rh;tNjr xj;Jiog;G epWtdj;jpd; ClhfNt toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. [g;ghdpa murhq;fj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gl;l gapw;rpg; ghl newpfspy; 156 epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; FWfpa fhy gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fshfTk;> 18 epfor;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; ePz;l fhy epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fshfTk; tpsq;fpd. nfhhpah murhq;fk;> nfhhpah rh;tNjr xj;Jiog;G epWtdj;jpd; Clhf 99 FWfpa fhy gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fisAk;> 8 ePz;l fhy epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fisAk; toq;fpAs;sJ. ,J 2011Mk; Mz;by; ,yq;iff;Ff; fpilf;fg; ngw;w ntspehl;L epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fspy; 1 rjtPjj;jpidg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jpaJ. 2011Mk; Mz;by; rPd murhq;fk; 87 FWfpa fhy gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fisAk;> 4 ePz;l fhy gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fisAk; (nkhj;jg; gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fspy; Rkhh; 13 rjtPjk;) toq;fpAs;s mNj Ntis> Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;;fp kw;Wk; rpq;fg;g+h; murhq;fj;jpd; %yk; fpilf;fg; ngw;w nkhj;jg; gapw;rpfspy; KiwNa 10 rjtPjj;jpidAk;;> 9 rjtPjj;jpidAk;; gpujpgypg;gjd; %yk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpyhd gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis toq;fpAs;sd.

2011Mk; Mz;by;> ,yq;if murhq;fk; ntspehl;Lg; gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf gpNwrpy; Nghd;w xU rpy Gjpa mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fisf; fth;tjw;fhf Nkw;nfhz;l Kaw;rpfs; ntw;wpaspj;Js;sd.

,yq;if murhq;fj;Jf;Ff; fpilf;fg; ngw;w ePz;l fhy gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fisg; nghUj;j tiu> mNefkhdit gl;lg;gpd; gbg;G bg;Nshkhg; ghlnewpfSk; kw;Wk; KJkhzpg; gl;lg;gbg;Gk; fdp~;l kw;Wk; rpNu~;l kl;l gzpahsh;fspd; vjph;fhy njhopy; mgptpUj;jpf;F mtrpakhd fy;tp kw;Wk; cj;jpNahf g+h;t jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhfNt ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. FWfpa fhy gapw;rp> khehLfs;> rk;Nksdq;fs;> kw;Wk; nraykh;Tfs; eLj;ju kw;Wk; rpNu~;l kl;l gzpahsh;fspd; Fwpg;gpl;l Jiwfspy; mth;fSf;Fs; mwpitAk;> jpwidAk; tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhfNt ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. mNefkhf> ,g;gapw;rp newpfs;> cyf ehLfSf;F ,ilapy; gpugy;akhd rpwe;j gapw;rp epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; gy;fiyf;fofq;fspdhy; elhj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,g;gapw;rp epfo;r;rp jpl;lq;fs; gpujhdkhf> tptrhak;> fhy;eil>



kPd;gpb> ePh;g;ghrdk;> tPjp> Nghf;Ftuj;J> Rfhjhuk;> njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; mgptpUj;jp> Rw;whly;> fy;tp> nghJ eph;thfKk; Ml;rpAk;> mgptpUj;jpAk;> mur nfhs;ifAk; JiwfisNa ikakhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

jdpg;gl;l gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fs;>; FO gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj jpl;lq;fs;> nraykh;Tfs;> kw;Wk; mur Jiw gzpahsh;fSf;fhd fy;tp Ma;Tg; gazq;fisAk;; toq;Ffpd;wd. gpd;tUk; FOg; gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fs; [g;ghdpa rh;tNjr xj;Jiog;G epWtdj;jpdhYk;> kw;Wk; nfhhpah rh;tNjr xj;Jiog;G epWtdj;jpdhYk; toq;fg;gl;ld.

3.8.1 nfhhpah rh;tNjr FOg;gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;

i. 20 gq;Nfw;ghsh;fSf;fhd nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp cghak; (2011Mk; Mz;L [_d; khjk; 08Me;jpfjp njhlf;fk; 28Me;jpfjp tiu)

ii. 12 gq;Nfw;ghsh;fSf;fhd ,yq;if JiwKf Kfhikj;JtKk; fly;

ghJfhg;Gk;; (2011Mk; Mz;L [_d; khjk; 20Me;jpfjp njhlf;fk; [_iy khjk; 03Me;jpfjp tiu)

iii. 20 gq;Nfw;ghsh;fSf;fhd cs;ehl;L mur Jiw mgptpUj;jp (2011Mk; Mz;L khh;r;; khjk; 20Me;jpfjp njhlf;fk; Vg;hpy; khjk; 09Me;jpfjp tiu)

iv. 12 fy;tpkhd;fSf;fhd ,aysT fl;likg;G (2011Mk; Mz;L etk;gh; khjk; 06Me;jpfjp njhlf;fk; brk;gh; khjk; 19Me;jpfjp tiu)

v. 14 gq;Nfw;ghsh;fSf;fhd ,yq;if njhopyel;gf; fy;Y}hp Mrphpah;fspd;

mgptpUj;jp (2011Mk; Mz;L [_iy khjk; 30Me;jpfjp njhlf;fk; Mf];l; khjk; 19Me;jpfjp tiu)

3.8.2 [g;ghdpa FO gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs;

i. ,isa jiyth;fSf;fhd gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - 26 gq;Nfw;ghsh;fs; (2011Mk; Mz;L [dthp 25Me;jpfjp njhlf;fk; 1ngg;thp khjk; 11Me;jpfjp tiu)

ii. ,isa jiyth;fSf;fhd gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - “ cs;s+uhl;rp 26 gq;Nfw;ghsh;fs; (2011Mk; Mz;L [dthp 25Me;jpfjp njhlf;fk; 1ngg;uthp khjk; 11Me;jpfjp tiu)

iii. ,isa jiyth;fSf;fhd gapw;rp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; - “ cs;s+h; Ml;r njhlh;ghd ghlnewp” 19 gq;Nfw;ghsh;fs; (2011Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgh; khjk; 22Me;jpfjp tiu)

iv. 8 gq;Nfw;ghsh;fSf;fhd ,yq;ifapy; jpz;kf; fopT Kfhikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; ((2011Mk; Mz;L mf;Nlhgh; khjk; 10Me;jpfjp njhlf;fk; etk;gh; khjk; 1Me;jpfjp tiu)

gapw;rp tha;g;Gf;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf> kdpj ts mgptpUj;jpg; gphpT ntspehl;L epGzj;Jth;fspdJk;> njhz;lh;fspdJk; Nritfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf epuy; mikr;Rf;fSf;F ,ilapYk;> mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fSf;F ,ilapYk; xUq;fpizg;G eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ. epuy; mikr;Rf;fspd; Ntz;LNfhs;fSf;F Vw;g> nghUj;jkhd epGzh;fSk;> kw;Wk; njhz;lh;fSk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sNjhL> mth;fis Ntiyapy; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd eltbf;iffSk; vLf;fg;gl;;Ls;sd. 2011Mk; Mz;by;> ,yq;if murhq;fk;> nfhhpah> [g;ghd;> kw;wk; If;fpa ehLfs; Rfhjhuk;> r%f> r%f mgptpUj;jp> tpisahl;L> fy;tp> nkhop> nerT kw;Wk; jfty; njhopy;El;gk; Mfpa Jiwfspy; KiwNa 26> 24 kw;Wk; 8 njhz;lh;fis ngw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. nfhhpah murhq;fk;> tptrhak; kw;Wk; jfty; njhopy;El;gj; Jiwfspy; 4 epGzh;fis ,yq;if murhq;fj;Jf;F toq;Ftjw;F ,zf;fk; njhptpj;Js;sJ. mjw;fhd eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.



3.9 nghUshjhu kw;Wk; nfhs;if Ma;Tg; gphpT

3.9.1 nghUshjhu kw;Wk; nfhs;if Ma;Tg; gphptpd; gq;F

,g;;gphpthdJ> ntspehl;L cjtp xd;wpizg;gpid Nkk;gLj;jy;> ntspehl;L epjpia xd;W jpul;Ljy;> ntspehl;L cj;jpNahfg+h;t mgptpUj;jp cjtpapd; Kfhikj;Jtk;> kw;Wk; murhq;f mgptpUj;jp nfhs;ifr; rl;lfj;jpd; gpufhuk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;l Kd;Dhpikf; fUj;jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jtjw;fhd Gjpa ntspehl;L epjpa tsq;fisf; fth;jy; Mfpa eltbf;iffSf;Fg; nghWg;ghf cs;sJ. NkYk;> ,g;gphpthdJ nghJeytha nrayfj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gl;l fld; gjpT kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jt Kiwikfs; cl;gl tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;jJk; cw;gj;jpj;j jpwd; tha;e;jJkhd jfty; Kiwikfis Ngzp tUfpd;wJ.

,e;Nehf;fq;fis miltjw;fhf ,g;gphptpdhy; gpd;tUk; njhopw;ghLfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld:

i. murhq;f mgptpUj;jp Kd;ndLg;Gf;fshf eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSfF mtrpakhd epjp trjpfis toq;Ftjw;F epuy; mikr;Rf;fSlDk; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;SlDk; xUq;fpizg;G eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sy;.

ii. epuy; mikr;Rf;fspdhy; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lg; gpNuuizfSf;fhd Njrpa jpl;lkply; jpizf;fsj;jpd; rpghhpRfis ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.

iii. Njrpa jpl;lkply; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; rpghhpR nra;ag;gl;l fUj;jpl;lg; gpNuuizfis ntspehl;L epjpapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf rpNu~;l gzpahsh;pd; MNyhridAld; rhj;jpakhd mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fspd;

gphpTf;Fr; rkh;g;gpj;jy;.

iv. ntspehl;L cjtpAld; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba GJg;gpf;fg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lg; gpNuuizj; njhFjpapid jahhpj;jYk;> guhkhpj;jYk;.

v. fld;fs; chpa Neuj;jpYk;> rhpahd KiwapYk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wdth vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;Jld; epjp mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs;> gfph;Tfs;> fld; ifapUg;G> kw;Wk; fld; Nritf; nfhLg;gdTfs; Nghd;wd njhlh;ghf tpidj; jpwd tha;e;jJk; gaDW tpisTfisAk; nfhz;l jfty; gjpTfis NgZjy;.

vi. ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> jpiwNrhp nraw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsk;> mur fzf;Ffs; jpizf;fsk;> fuj;jpl;l Kfhikj;JtKk;> kw;wk; fz;fhzpg;Gj; jpizf;fsk;> mur epjpf; nfhs;iffs; jpizf;fsk; ghuhSkd;wk;> fzf;fha;thsh; ehafk;> Fbj;njhif kw;Wk; Gs;sptpgutpay; jpizf;fsk; Mfpa epWtdq;fs; cl;gl fld; juTfisAk;> kw;Wk; jfty;fspd; gy;NtW gl;l ,Wjpg; gad;ghl;lhsh;fspd; Njitg;ghLfSf;F trjpaspg;gjw;F nghJey tha nrayfj;j;pd; fld; gjpT kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jt Kiwikapidg; gad;gLj;jy;.

vii. ntspehl;L fld;fs; kw;Wk; ed;nfhilfs; njhlh;ghf gy;NtW Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;.

viii. ntspaPLfisAk;> ntspehl;L cjtp kPsha;T> nrayhw;Wif mwpf;if kw;Wk; jpizf;fsj;jpd; tuT nryTj;jpl;l ntspaPL Mfpatw;iwj; jahhpj;jYk;> xUq;fpizj;jYk; ntspaplYk;.

ix. epjpj; jpl;lkply; mikr;rpd; tUlhe;j mwpf;iff;fhd ntspehl;L epjpaspg;G mj;jpahaj;jpw;fhd cs;sPLfis toq;Fjy;.

x. mur epjpf; nfhs;iffs; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l Mz;bw;fhd> eLj;ju Mz;bw;fhd epjp hPjpahd nghWg;G mwpf;iff;fhd cs;sPLfis toq;Fjy;.



xi. ntspehl;L cjtpg; gad;ghl;bw;fhd njhlh;Gila mtrpakhd Rw;wwpf;iffis ntspapLjy;.

xii. jpizf;fsj;Jf;F rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l mikr;ruit tpQ;Qhgdq;fs; njhlh;ghd mikr;ruit mtjhdpg;Gfis toq;Ftjw;fhd xUq;fpizg;gpid Nkw;nfhs;sy;.

xiii. ntspehl;L cjtpf; $l;lq;fs; kw;wk; mgptpUj;jp khehLfis xUq;fpizj;jy;.

xiv. ntspehl;Lf; fld;> mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fspd; epjp cjtpAld; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; fUj;jpl;lq;fs;> kw;Wk; jpizf;fsj;jpd; njhopw;ghLfspy;; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f epfo;Tfs; Nghd;wd njhlh;ghd jfty;fis tpepNahfpg;gjw;F jpizf;fsj;jpd; fzzp cs;spizak; kw;Wk;

,izaj;jsk; http://www.erd.gov.lk Mfpadtw;iw GJg;gpj;jYk;> guhkhpj;jYk;.

xv. td;nghUs; kw;Wk; nkd;;nghUs; Nritfis NgZjYk;> gad;gLj;JNthhpd; MjuTf;fhf toq;fYk;.

xvi. njhopy;El;g jfty; Kiwikapid guhkhpj;jy;

xvii. jpizf;fsj;jpd; flikfspd; nrayhw;wq;fis fzpg;gPL nra;Ak; Nehf;fj;Jld; gzpg;ghsh; ehafj;jpd; jiyikapd; fPo; jpizf;fsj;jpd; gzpg;ghsh;fSldhd Kiwg;gb $l;lq;fis xOq;F nra;jy;.

3.9.2 2011Mk; Mz;bd; nrayhw;Wif

i. “mgptpUj;jpapy; cyfshtpa gq;Nfw;G” njhlh;ghd mwpf;if jahhpf;fg;gl;L

ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

ii. 2010Mk; Mz;bw;fhd tUlhe;j nrayhw;w mwpf;if jahhpf;fg;gl;L

ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

iii. 20007 - 2009Mk; Mz;LfSf;fhd ntspehl;L cjtp kPsha;T jahhpf;fg;gl;L

ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

iv. epjpj;jpl;lkply; mikr;rpd; 2010Mk; Mz;bw;fhd tUlhe;j mwpf;iff;fhd

ntspehl;L epjpaspg;G mj;jpahaj;jpidj; jahhpj;jy;.

v. mur epjpf; nfhs;iffs; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l eLj;ju Mz;L

kw;Wk; 2011Mk; Mz;bw;fhd mur epjp nghWg;G mwpf;iff;fhd cs;sPLfis

toq;fpaJ.

vi. khjhe;j fhRg;gha;r;ry; $l;lq;fSf;fhd ntspaPLfis toq;fpaJ.

vii. cjtp mh;g;gzpg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; gad;ghLfs; njhlh;ghd gy;NtW mwpf;iffis

jahhpj;jNjhL> cah; mjpfhu rigfSf;fk; kw;Wk; Vida jPh;khdq;fis

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; epWtdq;fSf;Fk; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

viii. Njrpa jpl;lkply; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; mq;fPfhuk; toq;fg;gl;l 89 fUj;jpl;lg;

gpNuuizfis ntspehl;L epjpapidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L

mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;fspd; gphpTfSf;F rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.

ix. %d;W Ghpe;Jzh;T xg;ge;jq;fSf;F mq;fPfhuk; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

x. Kiwahd nrad;Kiwapid ];jhgpg;gjw;F gpujhd mgptpUj;jpg

gq;fhsh;fSld; $l;lq;fis xOq;FgLj;jpaJ.

xi. ntspehl;L epjpaspg;G Kfhikj;Jt njhopw;ghLfSf;fhd ntspehl;L

cjtpapid ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd nrad;Kiw njhlh;ghd topfhl;ly;fSld;

http://www.erd.gov.lk/



jpiwNrhpapd; nrayhshpd; ifnahg;gj;jpd; fPo; Rw;wwpf;if xd;wpid

ntspapl;lJ.

xii. 63 ntspehl;L cjtp cld;gbf;iffs; njhlh;ghfTk;> mtw;wpd;

njhlh;r;rpahd jpUj;jq;fs; njhlh;ghd tpguq;fisAk;> jfty; kw;Wk;

nfhLg;gdT epge;jid njhlh;ghd juT mbg;gilapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;lJ.

mt;Tld;gbf;iffspy; 37 fld; cld;gbf;iffshfTk;> 26 ed;nfhil

cld;gbf;iffshfTk; ,Ue;jd.

xiii. I. m. nlh. 18.6 gpy;ypad; fld; ifapUg;G nghUj;j tiu 687 fld;fSf;F

mtrpakhd NritfisAk;> trjpaspg;gpidAk; Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

xiv. jw;NghJ eilKiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; 195 fld;fspdJk;> 157 ed;nfhilfspdJk;

gfph;Tfis gjpT nra;jJ.

xv. 08 ghuhSkd;w tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;fg;gl;ld.

xvi. 03 fzf;fha;T tprhuizfSf;F tpsf;fkspf;f;g;gl;ld.

xvii. njhopy;El;gf; fhuzq;fspdhy; ,izg;G Jz;bf;fg;gl;bUe;j jpiwNrhp

nraw;ghLfs; jpizf;fsj;Jldhd CSDRMS ,izg;G kPz;Lk;;

Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.



4. epjp hPjpahd kPsha;T

4.1 nrytpdk; njhlh;ghd epjp hPjpahd jfty;fs;

,j;jpizf;fsk; murhq;fj;Jf;F tUkhdj;ij <l;bf;; nfhLg;gjpy;iy. vdNt> ,j;jpizf;fsk; <l;bf; nfhLf;Fk; epWtdkhf ,dq;fhzg;gltpy;iy. 2011Mk; Mz;by; tuT nryTj; jpl;lj; jiyg;G ,yf;fk; 239,d; fPohd MSf;fhd Ntjdhjpfs; njhlh;ghd xJf;fPL vjpuhd nrytpdq;fs; kPjhd epjp hPjpahd jfty;fs;> Vida kPz;nlOk; nryTfs;> %yjdr; nrytpdk;> kw;Wk; jpizf;fsj;jpd; Kw;gzf; fzf;Fr; nraw;ghLfs; ml;ltiz 1>2>3 kw;Wk; 4 Mfpadtw;wpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

ml;ltiz 4.1 MSf;fhd Ntjdhjpfs;

&gh

%y xJf;fPLfs;; 35,800,000

$l;L: epjp xOq;Ffs;. 66,d; fPohd khw;wy;fSk;> kw;Wk; Fiw epug;G xJf;fPL

2,000,000

fop: epjp xOq;Ffs;. 66,d; fPohd khw;wy;fSk;> kw;Wk; Fiw epug;G

0

nkhj;j xJf;fPL 37,800,000 Fwpg;gpl;l Mz;bw;fhd nkhj;j nrytpdk; 37,220,388

ml;ltiz 4.2 Vida kPz;nlOk; nrytpdk;

&gh

%y xJf;fPLfs;; 501,580,000

$l;L: epjp xOq;Ffs;. 66,d; fPo;hd khw;wy;fSk;> kw;Wk; Fiw epug;G xJf;fPL

33,400,000

fop: epjp xOq;Ffs;. 66,d; fPohd khw;wy;fSk;> kw;Wk; Fiw epug;G

639,000

nkhj;j xJf;fPL 534,341,000 Fwpg;gpl;l Mz;bw;fhd nkhj;j nrytpdk; 234,765,151

ml;ltiz 4.3 %yjd nrytpdk;

nryT tplaf; FwpaPL

nryT tplaj; jiyg;G xJf;fPL &gh.

nrytpdk;

&gh.

2002 nghwpj; njhFjp> ,ae;jpuhjpfs;> kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fspd; GdUj;jhuzq;fSk;> Nkk;gLj;jy;fSk;.

90,000 86,900

2003 thfdq;fspd; jpUj;jq;fSk;> kw;Wk; Nkk;gLj;jy;fSk;

900,000 683,495

2102 jsghlq;fspdJk;> mYtyf 150,000 110,500



cgfuzq;fspdJk; nfhs;tdT

2202(13) %yjd khw;wy;fs; – RtPld; MNyhrid cjtp

2,975,000 0

2204(21) Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp rhjhuz %yjd mjpfhpg;G

585,000,00

0 584,926,623

2401 gapw;rpAk;> ,aysTf; fl;likg;Gk; 249,000 248,450

2401(13) gapw;rpAk;> ,aysTf; fl;likg;Gk; 2,425,000 2,365,020

2502(17) ntspehl;L J}Jth; ,y;yq;fSf;fhd ngNrthpapd; kPs;; nfhLg;gdT

5,540,000 4,677,961

4.2 Kw;gzf; fzf;Ffs;

,j;jpizf;fsk; mur Copah;fSf;F fld;fis toq;Ftjw;fhf Kw;gzf; fzf;nfhd;iw Ngzp tUfpd;wJ. Fwpg;gpl;l Mz;by; ,j;jpizf;fsk; jdJ fld; nfhLg;gdTfis Kw;gzf;Ffspd Fwpg;gpl;l tiuaiwf;Fs; NgzpaNjhL> mf;fzf;F njhlh;ghd nraw;ghLfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.

ml;ltiz 4.4

nrytpdj;jpid; cr;r vy;iy cz;ikr; nrytpdk;

&gh. 5,800,000 &gh. 3,241,749

tuTfspd; Fiwe;j vy;iy cz;ik tuTfs;;

&gh. 2,500,000 R&gh. 3,632,639

fld; kPjpapd; cr;r vy;iy cz;ik kPjp

&gh. 32,000,000 &gh. 19,411,081.25

4.3 fzf;fha;thsh; ehafj;jpd; tprhuizfs;

Fwpg;gpl;l Mz;by;> 4 fzf;fha;T tprhuizfs; fpilf;fg; ngw;wNjhL> rfy tprhuizfSf;Fk; tpilaspf;fg;gl;ld. tprhuizfs; ntspehl;L cjtpfspd; gad;ghL> xJf;fPl;Lf; fzf;Ffs;> kw;Wk; 2010Mk; Mz;by;; mur gzpahsh;fSf;fhd Kw;gzf; fzf;F Mfpait njhlh;ghf tpdtg;gl;bUe;jd.

4.4 2011Mk; Mz;bd; xJf;fPl;Lf; fzf;F

2011Mk; Mz;bw;fhd xJf;fPl;Lf; fzf;F 2012Mk; Mz;L khh;r; khjk; 30Me;jpfjp fzf;fha;thsh; ehafj;jplk; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.



,izg;G I 2011Mk; mz;L fhyg;gphptpy; mh;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l fUj;jpl;lq;fspd; gl;bay; (I. m. nlh.

kpy;ypad;)

mgptpUj;jpg; gq;fhsh;

fUj;jpl;lk; fld; ed;nfhil nkhj;jk;

[g;ghd; ghhpa nfhOk;G Nghf;Ftuj;J mgptpUj;jpf; fUj;jpl;lk; fl;lk; 2

391.0 - 391.0

tTdpah fpspnehr;rp ghpkhw;w thpir fUj;jpl;lk; (II)

17.5 - 17.5

mtru ,aw;if mdh;hj;j Gdh;tho;T fUj;jpl;lk;

91.5 - 91.5

,yq;if &gth`pdpf; $l;Lj;jhgdkj;jpd; njhiyf;fhl;rp cw;gj;jp cgfuzq;fs;

- 0.5 0.5

rYiffsw;w tptrhapfSf;fhd czTg; ghJfhg;Gf; fUj;jpl;lk;

- 4.3 4.3

kl;lf;fsg;G ePhpiz clhd kz;Kidg; ghyj;jpd; eph;khzk;

- 15.7 15.7

kdpj ts mgptpUj;jp Gyikg;ghprpy; - 2.6 2.6 Mrpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fp

aho;g;ghzk; kw;Wk; fpspnehr;rp ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;guthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk;

89.2 - 89.2

epiyahd rf;jpj; Jiw MjuTf; fUj;jpl;lk;

120.3 - 120.3

,uz;lhe;ju efuq;fs;> kw;wk; fpuhkpa th;j;jfj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ePh; toq;fy; - Nkyjpf epjpaspg;G

17.7 - 17.7

cs;s+uhl;rp tphpthf;y; Jiw fUj;jpl;lk; (Gu neFk)

57.6 - 57.6

Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs; Jiw fUj;jpl;lk; (Nkyjpf epjp)

85.0 - 85.0

Nkhjypdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuhe;jpaq;fspd; mtru fUj;jpl;lk;

- 1.5 1.5

aho;g;ghzk; kw;Wk; fpspnehr;rp fpuhkpa ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk;

- 2.0 2.0

kd;dhh; khtl;lj;jpy; jpUk;gpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; cs; ehl;by; ,lk; ngah;e;j egh;fSf;fhd czTg; ghJfhg;G

- 0.4 0.4

cyf tq;fp (IDA)

tPjpj; Jiw cjtpf; fUj;jpl;lj;Jf;fhd ,uz;lhtJ Nkyjpf epjpaspg;G

103.1 - 103.1

Nkhjypdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspd; r%f tho;;thjhuj;jpw;fhd 2Mk; 3Mk; nkyjpf epjpaspg;G

45.8 - 45.8

tl khfhzj;jpw;fhd cs;s+h; kl;l Nghrhf;F jpl;lf; fUj;jpl;lk;

- 2.7 2.7

NkhjYf;Fg; gpd;duhd FbNaw;wj;jpw;fhd tl fpof;F khjphp nth~; fUj;jpl;lk; (NEP WASH)

- 2.0 2.0

,uz;lhtJ Rfhjhuj; Jiw mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;Jf;fhd gy;- ed;nfhilahsh;fspd; ed;nfhil – HRITF

- 0.4 0.4

rPdh Kd;Dhpik toq;fg;gl;l tPjpfspd; 500.0 - 500.0



tpUj;jpAk; GdUj;jhuzKk; gpd;dJitapypUe;J nfhlnfhil tiuapyhd neLQ;rhiyfs; gphpT (30 fp; kP - 45 fp. kP)

75.1 - 75.1

Nfhlnfhilapy; ,Ue;J nfhlfik tiuapyhd neLQ;rhiyfs; gphpT (45 fp; kP - 61 fp. kP)

63.1 - 63.1

67 fp. kP. ePskhd ehtw;Fop – fiuj;jPT – kd;dhh; tPjpapd; GdUj;jhuzKk;> tpUj;jpAk;

48.4 - 48.4

113 fp. kP. ePskhd Gj;jsk; - khwpr;rpf;fil – kd;dhh; tPjpapd; GdUj;jhuzKk;> tpUj;jpAk;

73.2 - 73.2

Cth khfhzj;jpd; ,yq;ifapd; tpsf;fplYf;fhd nghUl;fSf;fhd ngWif eltbf;if

24.9 - 24.9

,e;jpah te;jhwKiy> xe;jhr;rpklk; kw;wk; kl;lf;fsg;G njhopy;rhh; gapw;rp epiyak;

- 3.1 3.1

Etnuypah njhopy;rhh; gapw;rp epiyak;

- 2.0 2.0

kfspUf;fhd th;j;jf trjpaspg;Gk;> rKjha fw;if epiyak;> kl;lf;fsg;G

- 1.9 1.9

fhq;Nfrd;Jiw JiwKfj;jpd; GdUj;jhuzk;

- 2.2 2.2

Fitl; ,yq;if njd; fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf; fof mgptpUj;jp; fUj;jpl;lk; fl;lk; 1 "B"

10.9 - 10.9

gpuhd;]; aho;g;ghzk; kw;Wk; fpspnehr;rp fpuhkpa ePh; toq;fy; kw;Wk; Jg;Guthf;fy; fUj;jpl;lj;jpid eilKiwg;gLj;jy;

45.3

- 45.3

nejh;yhe;J ghw;gz;iz kpUfq;fspd; ,wf;Fkjp 2.4 - 2.4 ghw;gz;iz kpUfq;fspd; ,wf;Fkjp (nejh;yhe;J kw;Wk; mT];jpNuypah)

10.5 - 10.5

kNyrpah 50 lh;gh;f; jhpg;gpl buf;lh;fs; 50 myFfspd; nfhs;tdT (kNyrpah)

4.0 - 4.0

ngy;[pak; nfhnyhd;dh kw;Wk; gyhq;nfhil ePh; toq;fy; fUj;jpl;lk;

14.0 - 14.0

ghfp];jhd; %d;W khb ghlrhiyf; fl;llj;jpd; eph;khzj;jpw;fhd ghfp];jhd; ed;nfhil

- 0.1 0.1

RtPld; fpuhkpa kpd;rhukakhf;fy; fUj;jpl;lk; 4 ePbg;G

54.2 - 54.2

czT kw;Wk; tptrha mikg;G

fpof;F khfhzj;jpd; tptrha FLk;gq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd czTg; ghJfhg;G

- 1.9 1.9

cs;ehl;by; ,lk; ngah;e;j kf;fSf;fhd mtru tptrhaKk; kw;Wk; czTg; ghJfhg;Gk;.

- 2.8 2.8

,yq;ifapd; tl khfhzj;jpd; czTg; ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; tho;thjhuj;jpw;fhd tpUj;jp

- 0.3 0.3

tlf;fpd; cs;ehl;by; ,lk; ngah;e;j kf;fSf;fhd mj;jpahtrpakhd tptrha cs;sPLfspd; mtru xJf;fPL

- 5.0 5.0

njd;; Mrpahtpd; epiyahd fhzp Kfhikj;JtKk; fhyepiy khw;w rhp nra;jYk;

- 0.5 0.5

tl khfhzj;jpd; cs;ehl;by; ,lk; - 0.1 0.1



ngah;e;j kf;fSf;fhd mtru tptrha hPjpahd cjtp tlf;F xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l tptrha hPjpahd kPl;rpAk;> tsh;r;rpAk;

- 4.0 4.0

Iehmep (UNDP)

cs;s+uhl;rpf; fUj;jpl;k; - 1.3 1.3

Iehmc]; (UNHCR)

,yq;ifapd;; cs;ehl;by; ,lk; ngah;e;j kf;fspd; jpUk;gYf;Fk; kPs; xd;wpizg;Gf;Fkhd cjtp

- 0.6 0.6

Iehrrpfep (UNICEF)

ehl;bd; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; 2008-2012 Iehrrpfep (UNICEF)

- 16.0 16.0

Iehifmm (UNIDO)

njhopy;El;g xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd ehl;bd; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; 2010 - 14

- 8.8 8.8

cyf czT epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; (World Food Program)

mtru nraw;ghL (EMOP) - 8.9 8.9 ,yq;ifapd; ePbj;j epthuzKk;> kw;Wk; kPl;rp nraw;ghLk;

- 39.8 39.8

nkhj;jk; 1,944.7 131.1 2,075.8

nrayhw;wif mwpf;if - sri lanka...nrayhw;wif mwpf;if 2011 ntspehl;l tsq;fs; jpizf;fsk; epjpj;...

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