nrcs stream restoration handbook
TRANSCRIPT
NRCSStream Restoration Handbook
Jerry M. Bernard, National Geologist,Washington, DC
Jon FrippStream Mechanics EngineerNational Design, Construction,And Soil Mechanics Center,Ft. Worth, TX
Kerry Robinson,Kerry Robinson,Hydraulic Engineer,Hydraulic Engineer,East National East National Technical Support Technical Support CenterCenter,,Fort Worth, TXFort Worth, TX
In 1981 over 575,000 miles or over 16% of our riverbanks were eroding. (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)
In the last three years the USDA-NRCS has applied streambank stabilization measures to over 412 miles of streams.
• Since 1982, $4.2 billion was spent on 3,426 streambank erosion projects .
• Data are unavailable for thousands of similar projects intended to protect streambanks and riparian corridors (Bernhardt et al. 2005).
Natural Resources Conservation Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)Service (NRCS)
MISSION:The NRCS provides leadership in a partnership effort to help people conserve, maintain, and improve our natural resources and environment.
Examples of Conservation ProgramsEnvironmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)
Soil and Water Conservation Assistance (SWCA)
Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP)
Emergency Conservation Program (ECP)
Wetland Reserve Program (WRP)
Emergency Watershed Protection (EWP)
Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention (PL-566)Upstream Flood Prevention Program(PL-534)
Watershed Rehabilitation
Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices.Processes, and Practices.
Multi-agency effortNRCS Leadership roleDownload from wwwAwareness level, principlesPlanning processIntro to design and implementation
Next Step - Design Guidance (Design tools and procedures)
(FISRWG, 1998)
NRCS Stream Restoration NRCS Stream Restoration Design Design HandbookHandbook
•• Began 2002Began 2002•• Engineering Engineering
vs. Biology vs. Biology (CT)(CT)
•• Agency Agency decisiondecision
NRCS Stream Restoration Design NRCS Stream Restoration Design Handbook: Handbook: Authors and ReviewersAuthors and Reviewers
Contributing Authors: 120+ Reviews: 80 sets of review comments
Authors and ReviewersAuthors and Reviewers
National Sedimentation Laboratory
A comprehensive design document with specific design tools and guidance
– Emphasis on :• Practical vs.
Theoretical• “How-to” vs.
philosophical
NRCS Stream Restoration Design Handbook
Encompasses the full range of natural to structural treatmentsFully integrates biological / fisheries / habitat issuesNational set of guidelines / tools / procedures
NRCS Stream Restoration Design Handbook
Riprap
Photo from Don Shanklin
Grade Control
Stone Toe with WillowsPhoto from Don Shanklin
Stone step pool drop
Soil Bioengineering is not new to the NRCS.
Soil Bioengineering
1939 Text byH. H. Bennett
1941
1993
1995
Nevada
Vertical bundles
Cross Vane
J Hook
NEH654NEH654----ContentsContents
Chapters (17)Chapters (17)Technical Supplements (28)Technical Supplements (28)Case Studies (18)Case Studies (18)
Chapter 1. Introduction : Ecological and Chapter 1. Introduction : Ecological and Physical Considerations for Physical Considerations for Stream ProjectsStream Projects
Chapter 2. Goals, Objectives and RiskChapter 2. Goals, Objectives and RiskChapter 3. Site Assessment and Chapter 3. Site Assessment and
InvestigationInvestigationChapter 4. Stream Restoration Design Chapter 4. Stream Restoration Design
ProcessProcess
NEH 654: CHAPTERS
Chapter 5. Stream HydrologyChapter 6. Stream Hydraulics
NEH 654: CHAPTERS (cont’d)
Chapter 7. Basic Principles of Channel Design
Chapter 8. Threshold Channel DesignChapter 9. Alluvial Channel DesignChapter 10. Two-Stage Channel DesignChapter 11. Rosgen Geomorphic Channel
DesignChapter 12. Channel Alignment and
Variability DesignChapter 13. Sediment Impact Assessments
NEH 654: CHAPTERS (cont’d)
Chapter 14. Treatment Technique Design
NEH 654: CHAPTERS (cont’d)
Chapter 15. Project ImplementationChapter 16. Maintenance and MonitoringChapter 17. Permitting Overview
NEH 654: CHAPTERS (cont’d)
Chapter 1. Introduction : Ecological and Physical Considerations for Stream ProjectsChapter 2. Goals, Objectives and RiskChapter 3. Site Assessment and InvestigationChapter 4. Stream Restoration Design Process
Chapter 5. Stream HydrologyChapter 6. Stream Hydraulics
Chapter 7. Basic Principles of Channel DesignChapter 8. Threshold Channel DesignChapter 9. Alluvial Channel DesignChapter 10. Two-Stage Channel DesignChapter 11. Rosgen Geomorphic Channel DesignChapter 12. Channel Alignment and Variability DesignChapter 13. Sediment Impact Assessments
Chapter 14. Treatment Technique DesignChapter 15. Project ImplementationChapter 16. Maintenance and MonitoringChapter 17. Permitting Overview
NEH 654: CHAPTERS
NEH 654: Technical Supplements2−Use of Historical Information for Design
3A−Stream Corridor Inventory and Assessment Techniques
3B−Using Aerial Videography and GIS for Stream Channel Stabilization in the Deep Loess Region of Western Iowa
3C−Streambank Inventory and Evaluation3D−Overview of United States Bats3E−Rosgen Stream Classification
Technique – Supplemental Materials
NEH 654: Technical Supplements (cont’d)
5− Developing Regional Relationships for Bankfull Discharge Using Bankfull Indices
13A−Guidelines for Sampling Bed Material
13B−Sediment Budget Example
NEH 654: Technical Supplements
14A−Soil Properties and Special Geotechnical Problems Related to Stream Stabilization Projects
14B−Scour Calculations14C−Stone Sizing Criteria14D−Geosynthetics in Stream
Restoration14E−The Use and Design of Soil
Anchors14F−Pile Foundations
--more--
NEH 654: Technical Supplements (cont’d)14G− Grade Stabilization Techniques14H− Flow Changing Techniques14I− Streambank Soil Bioengineering14J− The Use of Large Woody Material for
Habitat and Bank Protection14K− Streambank Armor Protection with
Stone Structures14L− Use of Articulating Concrete Block
Revetment Systems for Stream Restoration and Stabilization Projects
14M− Vegetated Rock Walls--more--
NEH 654: Technical Supplements (cont’d)
14N−Fish Passage and Screening Design
14O−Stream Habitat Enhancement Using LUNKERS
14P−Gullies and Their Control14Q−Abutment Design for Small Bridges14R−Design and Use of Sheet Pile Walls
in Stream Restoration and Stabilization Projects
14S−Sizing Stream Setbacks to Help Maintain Stream Stability
NEH 654: Technical Supplements2−Use of Historical Information for Design3A−Stream Corridor Inventory and
Assessment Techniques3B−Using Aerial Videography and GIS for
Stream Channel Stabilization in the Deep Loess Region of Western Iowa
3C−Streambank Inventory and Evaluation3D−Overview of United States Bats3E−Rosgen Stream Classification
Technique – Supplemental Materials5− Developing Regional Relationships for
Bankfull Discharge Using BankfullIndices
13A−Guidelines for Sampling Bed Material13B−Sediment Budget Example14A−Soil Properties and Special
Geotechnical Problems Related to Stream Stabilization Projects
14B−Scour Calculations14C−Stone Sizing Criteria14D−Geosynthetics in Stream Restoration14E−The Use and Design of Soil Anchors14F−Pile Foundations
14G−Grade Stabilization Techniques14H−Flow Changing Techniques14I− Streambank Soil Bioengineering14J−The Use of Large Woody Material
for Habitat and Bank Protection14K−Streambank Armor Protection with
Stone Structures14L−Use of Articulating Concrete Block
Revetment Systems for Stream Restoration and Stabilization Projects
14M−Vegetated Rock Walls14N−Fish Passage and Screening
Design14O−Stream Habitat Enhancement
Using LUNKERS14P−Gullies and Their Control14Q−Abutment Design for Small
Bridges14R−Design and Use of Sheet Pile
Walls in Stream Restoration and Stabilization Projects
14S−Sizing Stream Setbacks to Help Maintain Stream Stability
Case StudiesCase Studies
18 projects in 14 statesIowa, Pennsylvania, Kansas, New York, Utah, Texas, Oklahoma, California, Wisconsin, Ohio, Virginia, North Dakota, New York, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Oregon
NEH 654: Case Studies1−Chalk Creek, Summit County,
Utah2−Goode Road/Cottonwood Creek,
Hutchins, Texas3−Little Elk River, Price County,
Wisconsin4−Reinforced Soil Wall, Silver Creek,
New York5−Lessons Learned, Rose River
Restoration, Virginia6−Construction Techniques for Rock
Vanes: Big Bear Creek, Pennsylvania
7−Spafford Creek Stream Corridor Restoration Project: Otisco Lake Watershed, New York
8−Copper Mine Brook Emergency Watershed Protection Project, Burlington, Connecticut
9−Little Blue River, Kansas, Eight Miles of Stabilization and 110 Acres of Riparian Corridor Establishment
10−Soil Bioengineering for Streambank Restoration: Rationale for Success
11−Streambank Stabilization Challenges in the Glacial Lake Agassiz Sediments of the Red River Basin in North Dakota
12−Experience with Grade Control Structures in the Deep Loess Region of Western Iowa
13−Owl Creek Farms, Ohio14−Steambank Stabilization Using
Vegetated Gabions, Merrimack River, New Hampshire
15−Guadalupe River Restoration Project, Santa Clara County, California
16−Coffee Creek Channel Restoration, Edmond, Oklahoma
17−Stream Barbs on the CalapooiaRiver, Oregon
18−Structure Protection and Salmonid Habitat Improvement, Wiley Creek, Oregon
Where are we now?Where are we now?
NRCS Stream Restoration NRCS Stream Restoration Design Guide: Design Guide: StatusStatus
Nearing completion~1700 pages, laid outCD release onlyWeb site download
NRCS Stream Restoration Design Guide: SummaryFour year effort nearing completionDraws from many sourcesNRCS focusField focusWill have gapsWill require maintenanceToolbox, not a cookbookWill not replace good judgment
Farm Bill 2007?Farm Bill 2007?
TITLE II: CONSERVATION Increase in conservation funding by $7.8 billion
Farm Bill 2007?Farm Bill 2007?Simplify and consolidate conservation programs, create a new Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and a Regional Water Enhancement Program– Consolidate existing programs into new EQIP– WHIP (Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program)– AMA (Agricultural Management Assistance Program)– Forest Land Enhancement Program– Ground and Surface Water Conservation Program– Klamath Basin Program
Farm Bill 2007?Farm Bill 2007?New EQIP (cont’d)– Address major resource concerns such as air
quality, water quality and quantity, soil erosion, and wildlife
– Controlling invasive species, re-establishing native vegetation, managing non-industrial forestland, stabilizing streambanks, protecting, restoring, developing or enhancing unique habitats, removing barriers that impede migration of certain species, and addressing the needs of threatened and endangered species across ecosystems.
Farm Bill 2007?Farm Bill 2007?
Create a new Emergency Landscape Restoration Program– Consolidate two emergency response programs -
the Emergency Watershed Protection (EWP)and Emergency Conservation Program (ECP)
– Provide a one-stop source for landowners who need assistance after a catastrophic event to restore land to its productive state and prevent further land and water impairments.
Questions?Every worthwhile accomplishment, big or little, has its stages of drudgery and triumph; a beginning, a struggle and a victory.
--(Gandhi)