NS3310 - Physical Science StudiesAtoms and Molecules

Science Magic Tricks• The difference between science magic tricks

and real magic tricks is that in a science magic trick we tell you how we did it

• It looks like magic at first, but then you realize there really is no trick. Once you know how it’s done, you can do it too

Matter is made of atoms

Democritusthe concept of atomism

Robert Boyle“corpuscules”

John Daltonlaw of multiple

proportionsNiels Bohrmodern concept

of the atom

Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons

• The Atomic Nucleus

– Protons

– Neutrons

• Electrons

Elements are determined by the number of protons in their nucleus

• Atomic number

• Atomic mass

• Valence

The Periodic Table• The periodic

table arranges the elements in such a way that you can tell what the element’s properties are and how they will behave chemically

Ions• Ions are atoms with more or less electrons

than normal

– Cations

– Anions

– Ionic compounds

Isotopes• Isotopes are atoms with more or less

neutrons than normal

– Radioactivity

• Fusion

• Fission

– Half-life

Molecules• Compounds are molecules made from two or

more elements

• Mixtures

• Solutions

Key Concepts• Matter is made of atoms

• Atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons

• Elements are determined by the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom

• The periodic table arranges the elements in such a way that you can tell what the element’s properties are and how they will behave chemically

Key Concepts• Isotopes are atoms with more or less neutrons than normal

• Ions are atoms with more or less electrons than normal

• Compounds are molecules with two or more elements

• A chemical change occurs when compounds change during an interaction with each other

• Physical changes occur when the appearance of the material changes but the molecules are not changed

• Mixtures are a physical combination of two or more elements or compounds

• Solutions are a chemical combination of a solute in a solvent

Kitchen Chemistry• Balloon Bottles

• Alka-Seltzer Rockets

• Martian Jelly

• Salt Volcano