nuclear decommissioning, a utility´s perspective · esp. under german conditions operating...
TRANSCRIPT
PAGE 1
Nuclear Decommissioning,a Utility´s Perspective
Dr. Hartmut PammeVice President Nuclear Power Plants, RWE Power AG
PAGE 2RWE Power
Decommissioningas legal action and time frame
PAGE 3
Nuclear Decommissioning,the German case
RWE Power PAGE 3
PAGE 4RWE Power
Nuclear in Germany,the post-Fukushima shock
German NPP
Brunsbüttel
Unterweser Krümmel
Brokdorf
Emsland
Grafenrheinfeld
Biblis
Philippsburg
Neckarwestheim Gundremmingen
Isar
Grohnde
Immediate and final closure of
8 of 17 nuclear units
that means
8409 out of 20457 MW
RWE Power PAGE 5
6677
17
3
88
26
23232222
21212020202020
12
201920162013 202120202018201720152014
99
201220112010 2022 2023
9 9 9
29
0
30
25
Number of Plants in 0peration
5
10
0
-820
Number of Plants in Decommissioning
15
30
25
20
15
10
5
Plants in decommissioningPlants in operation
Greifswald, Unit 1-5Gundremmingen, Unit ALingenMuelheim-KaerlichObrigheimStadeTHTR-300Wuergassen
Greifswald, Unit 1-5Gundremmingen, Unit ALingenMuelheim-KaerlichObrigheimStadeTHTR-300Wuergassen
"post-Fukushima":13th Amendment of Atomic Law
"post-Fukushima":13th Amendment of Atomic Law
Nuclear in Germany,the outlook NPP > 150 MW
PAGE 6RWE Power
Nuclear Decommissioning, key challengesesp. under German conditions
Operating license: legal framework for multiyear post-operation phase.
Decom. license: required to start dismantling work.
Safety: preservation of vital safety functions in post-operation and dismantling phase * highly motivated and competent key-staff
required,* under strict regulatory control.
Economics: minimization of cost burden under preservation of adequate safety levels.
Nuclear waste: clear solutions (esp. for final disposal) with significant delays
RWE Power PAGE 7
Nuclear Decommissioning in Germany,the market
The decommissioning market, …
- in „paper work“ (esp.licensing activities) from now up to around 2025
- in „real“ dismantling activities from 2016 to around 2040
- in waste management solutions incl. final disposal until 2050
RWE Power
Nuclear Decommissioning,European outlook
RWE Power PAGE 8
RWE Power PAGE 9
EU-27 plus Switzerland, NPP > 150 MW
Simplified assumptions: * operating times 60 years* time frame for decom. and dismantling 25 years* no multi-decade safe enclosures
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
20302025202020152010 2065
Number of Plants in Decommissioning
160
2040
20
2035
0
Number of Plants in Operation
140
120
100
80
60
40
20902085208020752070205520502045 2060
Plants in decommissioning
Plants in operation
RWE Power PAGE 10
EU-27 plus Switzerland, NPP > 150 MW
Simplified assumptions: * operating times 60 years* time frame for decom. and dismantling 25 years* no multi-decade safe enclosures
Decommissioning „boom“around 2035 until 2075
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
206520602055205020452040203520302025202020152010 20752070
Number of Plants in Decommissioning
160
2080
20
0
Number of Plants in Operation
140
120
100
80
60
40
20902085
Plants in operation
Plants in decommissioning
Nuclear Decommissioning,
between proven processes and R&D-needs
RWE Power PAGE 11
PAGE 12RWE Power
In general:- extensive experiences in all phases of decommissioning since more than 2 decades
- technical feasibility in compliance with safety and radiation protection standards is proven
- necessary technology spectrum is available and was applied effectively several times
- qualified service providers are available
Decommissioning, German experiences
NPP Kahl, „yesterday“ … and „today“
PAGE 13RWE Power
Decommissioning Process
1Licencing
process
… under national responsibility, especially German characteristics… European harmonisation desirable
R&D: support for licensing processes:analyses tools plus improved measurements for the determination of (e.g. RPV) activation levels
PAGE 14RWE Power
Decommissioning Process
2
3 Dismantling of activated components
Dismantling of contaminated systems and components
For both stepsR&D: innovations in existing technologies
e.g. improved/quicker thermal cutting technologies with lower emissions, thus lower dose rates for workers , less secondary waste
PAGE 15RWE Power
5
4Dismantling of
biological shield
Dismantling of remaining
conventional components
R&D: innovations in existing technologies
e.g. dust/dose-minimizing optimisations, improved robotics, diamond wire sawing technologies
R&D: „none“
Decommissioning Process
PAGE 16RWE Power
6
Final decontamination
of buildings and
structures
R&D: progressive/quicker „macro“-measurement techniques, ideally with automisation,innovations in existing „micro“/manual technologies
Decommissioning Process
PAGE 17RWE Power
7
Conventional demolishing of buildings,
towards a “green meadow”
R&D: „none“
Decommissioning Process
PAGE 18RWE Power
Bottle neck for economic decommissioning(in Germany)
… waste managementat the back-end
(Regulation for ) Radioactive waste treatment, conditioning and packaging for final disposal,
Licensing, exploration, erection and construction of disposal sites
R&D-support, especially for a harmonized (inter)national regulation, desirable
PAGE 19RWE Power
Conclusion- At least German utilities incl. RWE with a solid expertise in all aspects of
decommissioning
- Industrial market for dismantling well established with growing trend
- R&D-challenges in the areas of ...:
* innovations in existing decommissioning technologies
* waste treatment towards „readiness“ for final disposal
* safety criteria for final repositories
PAGE 20RWE Power
Back up
PAGE 21RWE Power
Mass of radioactive waste for final disposal:ca. 2,5 % of total mass
Final Disposal – Volumes and masses
Final disposal volumes of conditioned waste from Decommissioning of all
German nuclear power plantsca. 135,000 m³
(equivalent to a cube withan edge length of 51 m)
51 m
Total mass of radiologicallycontrolled area:
156.600 t
Example: typical PWR
PAGE 22RWE Power
Final repository sites Konrad & Gorleben
Konrad Gorleben
Final repository for heat-generating waste(fuel rods, waste from reprocessing etc.)
Final repository for non-heat-generating waste (low- and intermediate-level waste, also medical waste)
� Former ore mine (1957 – 1976)
� Consented for 303.000 m³ of waste packages, sufficient for all non-heat-generating waste from operation and decommissioning
� Approx. 95% of total waste volume is non-heat-generating
� Planning approval procedure started in 1982
� Consent in 2002, last instance in 2007
� Costs so far: 1.7 billion €*
� Total costs: ca. 2.6 billion €
� Unused salt dome
� Begin of selection process from 140 salt domes in the 70ies, Federal government selected Gorleben in 1977
� Exploration 1979 to 1999, moratorium in 2000
� Moratorium ceased in 2010, next steps:- exploration continues- preliminary safety analysis- international Peer Review
� Costs so far: 1.5 billion €**
� Total costs: ca. 3.7 billion €
Commissioning before 2020 expected Commissioning in 2030ies possible
** Utility share: 64.4%** Utility share: 96.5%