NUCLEAR ENTHUSIASM: RISK ASSESMENT AND MITIGATION STRATEGY

Development of Infrastructure for Nuclear Power in Indonesia

Djarot S. Wisnubroto

National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia

Introduction

• Indonesia has for a long period planned for the introduction of nuclear power.

• Act No 10 of 1997 on Nuclear Energy. This is the primary legislation in Indonesia

• Act No. 17 of 2007 on Long-Term National Development Plan of Indonesia for 2005 to 2025

• Indonesia performed self-assessment on National Nuclear Infrastructure prior to Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review.

FOUNDATION PHYLOSOPHY

• APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ARE FOR PEACEFUL USES ONLY

• SAFETY & SECURITY ARE THE PRIME CONSIDERATION

• DEMAND DRIVEN AND STAKEHOLDER SATISFACTION

STATUS OF INDONESIA : INTERNATIONAL STATUS OF INDONESIA : INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON NUCLEAR ENERGYCONVENTION ON NUCLEAR ENERGY

Signed (1997)Bilateral cooperation and supply agreement(s)11.

Signed (1997)Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage10.

Signed (1997)Protocol to Amend the Vienna Convention9.

Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management

8.

Under process for ratification Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)7.

Ratified by Presdeg No.106 Th. 2001Convention on Nuclear Safety6.

Ratified: UU No. 9 Th. 1997 Treaty on the Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon Free Zone

5.

Ratified by Presdeg No. 82 Th. 1993Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency

4.

Ratified by Presdeg No. 81 Th. 1993Convention on Early Notification of A Nuclear Accident3.

Ratified by Presdeg No. 49 Th. 1986Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and its Amendment

2.

Ratified: UU No. 8 Th. 1978signed Signed

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) - Safeguard Agreement with IAEA - Additional Protocol to Safeguards

1.

STATUS INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONSNo.

Under process for ratification

Managing the first NPP Basic consideration in

Managing the First NPP

• National and International Framework

• Nuclear Safety• Nuclear power supply market• Financial market• Economics of nuclear power• Safeguards• Security of nuclear material and

other radioactivity• Management system• Regional and interregional

cooperation• IAEA Assistance

Managing the first NPP

Pre-Project Stage

• National energy supply planning• Nuclear power system planning• Activities related with treaties,

convention and agreement• National infrastructure• National participant plan• Site survey• HRD Programme

Fig 1: Nuclear Infrastructure Development Program (Nov 2009)

Phase 1

Consideration before a decision

to launch a nuclear power programme is

taken

Phase 2

Preparatory work for the

construction of a NPP after a

policy decision has been taken

Phase 3

Activities to implement a first

NPP

Phase 4

Maintenance and continuous

infrastructure improvement

Pre Project Project Decision Making

Construction Operation/ decommissioning

Nulear power option

included within the national energy

strategy

Nulear power option

included within the national energy

strategy

Milestone 1Ready to make a knowledgeable commitment to a nuclear programme

Milestone 2Ready to invite bids for the first NPP

Milestone 3Ready to commission and operate the first NPP

10-15 years

Pres.Reg. 5/2006

Act. 17/2007

Feasibility study Bidding process Commissioning

Infr

ast

ruct

ure

D

evelo

pm

ent

Pro

gra

m1

st N

PP

Pro

ject

Status NPP Dev

Status NPP Dev

Evaluation of the status of nuclear national infrastructure

• Key Infrastructure Issues to be evaluated

• National position• Nuclear safety• Management• Funding and financing• Legislative framework• Safeguards• Regulatory framework• Radiation protection• Electrical grid• Human resources development

• Stakeholder involvement• Site and supporting facilities• Environmental protection• Emergency planning• Security and physical

protection• Nuclear fuel cycle• Radioactive waste• Industrial involvement• Procurement

Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR)

• INIR mission is conducted in order to provide external peer review by IAEA

• INIR Mission is implemented at different phases of the infrastructure development of Member state

• INIR Mission phase 1 has been done in 23-27 November 2009

Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR)

The mission utilized the following techniques:

a) Study of documents, performed in two stages (i) prior to the mission, as part of preparation and (ii) during the mission. The documents include:

• Self-Assessment Report, 2009 October;• Indonesian strategy documents for peaceful utilization of atomic energy;• Atomic Energy Law and related decrees and regulations;• Formulation of sustainable energy development strategies under

framework of climate change, IAEA/RCA Project (RAS/0/045), BATAN, 2008

b) Interviews to gather information through discussions with representatives of the counterpart organizations.

Result of Nuclear Infrastructure Review

• Indonesia is planning in earnest for the introduction of nuclear power.

• Two key organizations have been formed: BATAN as promoting organization that in charge of development work and preparations for nuclear energy, and BAPETEN, the regulatory body.

• No decision has, however, yet been made on what organization will be responsible for owning and operating the nuclear power plants.

• Several options are considered.

Result of Nuclear Infrastructure Review

• There is a national consensus in principle that nuclear energy should be a part of the energy portfolio in Indonesia ( Act Number 17 Year 2007 )

• There is good progress in the development of the national infrastructure in many areas, especially nuclear law, safety regulations, grid, human resources development, emergency planning, environmental

protection, fuel cycle and waste management.

Result of Nuclear Infrastructure Review

• Less progress has been made in those areas, which will require the involvement of the owner/operator of the nuclear power plants, e.g. management, funding and financing and industry involvement.

• The activities for stakeholder involvement will in particular require significant improvement.

• The infrastructure activities performed by different organisations have so far been informally coordinated;

• it would be advantageous to introduce formal steering and coordination of the future activities.

Result of Nuclear Infrastructure Review

Based on these findings, the team recommends that in order to implement the provisions of Act No. 17 of 2007 and Presidential Regulation decree No. 5 of 2006 Indonesia will need to:

• Clarify the planning and decisions needed for a nuclear power program and identify owner/operator

• Create an inter-agency team to oversee and steer infrastructure development work

• Develop a detailed action plan for infrastructure development for phase 2 (until invitation to bid is issued) as part of longer term planning

Result of Nuclear Infrastructure Review

• Develop a comprehensive program for stakeholder (incl. public) involvement

• Expand the existing national policy and strategy for national industry involvement to also include the involvement for constructing and operating nuclear power plants

• Enhance international/regional/bilateral cooperation

No. INFRASTRUCTURE STATUS OF PHASE 11. National Position NEPIO not yet established

2. Nuclear Safety No actions needed

3. Management NEPIO not yet established

4. Funding and Financing Minor actions needed

5. Legislative Framework Minor actions needed

6. Safeguards No actions needed

7. Regulatory Framework No actions needed

8. Radiation Protection No actions needed

9. Electric Grid No actions needed

10. Human Resource No action needed

11. Stakeholder Involvement Well-structured programme needs to established

12. Site and Supporting facility Minor actions needed

13. Environmental Protection No actions needed

14. Emergency Planning No actions needed

15. Security and Physical Protection No actionsw needed

16. Nuclear Fuel Cycle No actions needed

17. Radioactive Waste No actions needed

18. Industrial Involment Minor actions needed

19. Procurement No actions needed

Summary of the Infrastructure Review

Conclusion

Indonesia has done extensive preparatory work on most infrastructure issues that would allow the country to make decision to further consider introduction of nuclear power, i.e. to go from phase 1 to phase 2 in Milestone methodology. It can be suggested that some issues mainly connected to the responsibilities of the owner/operator of the nuclear power plant, still will require further work, most of which can be performed in parallel during phase 2.

THANK YOU