nuclear theory & the new standard model: neutrinos & fundamental symmetries in the next...
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![Page 1: Nuclear Theory & the New Standard Model: Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade Michael Ramsey-Musolf, Newport News 2007 Fifty years of](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081603/56649f255503460f94c3be10/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nuclear Theory & the New Standard Model: Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade
Michael Ramsey-Musolf, Newport News 2007
Fifty years of PV in nuclear physics
Solar s & the neutrino revolution
The next decade presents NP with a unique opportunity to discover key ingredients of the “new Standard Model”
Theory leadership is essential to realizing this opportunity
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2007 Long Range Plan
New Standard Model Initiative
High potential for major discoveries and new insights
We recommend a targeted program of experiments to investigate neutrino properties and fundamental symmetries. These experiments aim to discover the nature of the neutrino, yet unseen violations of time-reversal symmetry, and other key ingredients of the new standard model of fundamental interactions. Construction of a Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory is vital to U.S. leadership in core aspects of this initiative.
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Opportunity: Unique role for low energy studies in the LHC era
Two frontiers in the search for new physics
Collider experiments (pp, e+e-, etc) at higher energies (E >> MZ)
High energy physics
Particle, nuclear & atomic physics
CERN
Ultra cold neutronsLarge Hadron Collider
Indirect searches at lower energies (E < MZ) but high precision
(and beyond!)
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Scientific Questions
• What are the masses of neutrinos and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe? decay, 13, decay,…
• Why is there more matter than antimatter in the present universe? EDM, DM, LFV, , 13 …
• What are the unseen forces that disappeared from view as the universe cooled? Weak decays, PVES, g-2,…
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• Interpreting Experimental Results
Refined computations of St’d Model predictions, strong interaction
effects, & many-body contributions
Comprehensive & systematic calculations of possible effects in candidate
scenarios for the new standard model
• Guiding Development of Exp’tl Program
Identifying appropriate combinations of measurements, suitable
“kinematics”, and relevant level of precision
• Delineating Broader Implications
Placing in context of high energy collider & cosmological studies &
identifying unique info provided by nuclear studies
Vital Role for Nuclear Theory
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• The Nature of the Neutrino
-decay• The Origin of Baryonic Matter
EDM• Other Key Ingredients: Precision
Program
Neutrino mass & mixing, PVES, weak decays, g-2…
Theoretical Progress & Challenges
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The Origin of Matter & Energy
Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken)
Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ?
Cosmic Energy Budget
?
Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos?
Nuclear Science mission: explain the origin, evolution, & structure of the baryonic component
Leptogenesis: discover the ingredients: LN- & CP-violation in neutrinos
Weak scale baryogenesis: test experimentally: EDMs
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-Decay: LNV? Mass Term?
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W −
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A Z,N( )
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A Z − 2,N + 2( )0.1
1
10
100
1000
Effective
( )Mass meV
12 3 4 5 6 7
12 3 4 5 6 7
12 3 4 5 6 7
1 ( )Minimum Neutrino Mass meV
U1e = .866 δm2
sol = 7 meV
2
U2e = .5 δm2
atm = 2 meV
2
U 3e =
Inverted
Normal
Degenerate
Dirac Majorana
-decayLong baseline
?
?
Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism
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-Decay: LNV? Mass Term?
Dirac Majorana
Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism
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Light M exchange: can we determine m
Shell Model vs. QRPA
Configs near Fermi surface
Levels above Fermi surface
Vogel et al: reduce QRPA spread by calibrating gPP to T2
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-Decay: LNV? Mass Term?
Dirac Majorana
Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism
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Mechanism: does light M exchange dominate ?
How to calc effects reliably ? How to disentangle H & L ?
O(1) for ~ TeV
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Prezeau et al: EFT
Does operator power counting suffice?
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ˆ O 0νββL
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-Decay: LNV? Mass Term?
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Effective
( )Mass meV
12 3 4 5 6 7
12 3 4 5 6 7
12 3 4 5 6 7
1 ( )Minimum Neutrino Mass meV
U1e = .866 δm2
sol = 7 meV
2
U2e = .5 δm2
atm = 2 meV
2
U 3e =
Inverted
Normal
Degenerate
Dirac Majorana
Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism
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EFF= Uek
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χ 0
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If the existence of the decay is established:
• What mechanism?
• Which additional isotopes ?
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EDMs: New CPV?
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Electron
Improvements of 102 to 103
Neutron
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Neutral Atoms
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QCD
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Nuclear Schiff Moment
Nuclear EDM: Screened in atoms
Neutron EDM from LQCD:
Two approaches:
• Expand in & average over topological sectors (Blum et al, Shintani et al)
• Compute E for spin up/down nucleon in background E field (Shintani et al)
mN=2.2 GeV
QCD SR (Pospelov et al)
Hadronic couplings
Pospelov et al:
PCAC + had models & QCD SR
ChPT for dn: van Kolck et al
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EDMs & Schiff Moments
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One-loop
EDM: q, l, n… Chromo-EDM: q, n…€
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Dominant in nuclei & atoms
Engel & de Jesus: Reduced isoscalar sensitivity ( QCD )
Schiff Moment in 199Hg Nuclear & hadron structure !
Liu et al: New formulation of Schiff operator
+ …
New nuclear calc’s needed !
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Baryogenesis: New Electroweak Physics
Weak Scale Baryogenesis
• B violation
• C & CP violation
• Nonequilibrium dynamics
Sakharov, 1967
?
ϕ new
?
φ(x)
Unbroken phase
Broken phaseCP Violation
Topological transitions
1st order phase transition
?
γ
?
e -?
ψnew
?
ϕ new
?
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ϕ• Is it viable?• Can experiment constrain it?• How reliably can we compute it?
Quantum Transport
CPV
Chem Eq
R-M et al
• Is it viable?• Can experiment constrain it?• How reliably can we compute it?
Theoretical Issues:Strength of phase transition (Higgs sector) Bubble dynamics (numerical)Transport at phase boundary (non-eq QFT)EDMs: many-body physics & QCD
Systematic baryogenesis: SD equations + power counting
Veff (ϕ,T): Requirements on Higgs sector extensions & expt’l probes
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Baryogenesis: EDMs & Colliders
baryogenesis
Present de
LEP II excl
LHC reach
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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Prospective dn
Ongoing theory for baryon asymmetry (R-M et al):
• Refined quantum transport calc’s of CPV asymmetries during EW phase transition
• Bubble dynamics
• Application to models of new CPV
• Complementarity with LHC
Cirigliano, Profumo, R-M
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Precision Probes of New Symmetries
Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken)
Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ?
New Symmetries
1. Origin of Matter2. Unification & gravity
3. Weak scale stability4. Neutrinos
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Nuclei & Charged Leptons
PV Electron ScatteringQuickTime™ and a
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Weak DecaysQuickTime™ and a
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• n decay correlations
• nuclear decay
• pion decays
• muon decays
• Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller• PV DIS
Muons
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• g-2
• A!eA
Essential Role for Theory
• Precise SM predictions (QCD)
• Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC
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Nuclei & Charged Leptons I
PV Electron ScatteringQuickTime™ and a
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• Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller• PV DIS
Muons
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• g-2
• A!eA
Essential Role for Theory
• Precise SM predictions (QCD)
• Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC
• Substantially reduced QCD uncertainty in sin2W running
• QCD uncertainties in ep box graphs quantified
• Comprehensive analysis of new physics effects
e p e p e p
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Moller (ee)
Weak DecaysQuickTime™ and a
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• n decay correlations
• nuclear decay
• pion decays
• muon decays
Ongoing theory for JLab EWK:
• QCD & Had Structure effects in PVDIS: CSB, HT…
• Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ?
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Nuclei & Charged Leptons II
Weak DecaysQuickTime™ and a
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• n decay correlations
• nuclear decay
• pion decays
• muon decays
PV Electron ScatteringQuickTime™ and a
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• Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller• PV DIS
Muons
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• g-2
• A!eA
Essential Role for Theory
• Precise SM predictions (QCD)
• Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC
γ
W
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e− n
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Reduced QCD error: Marciano & Sirlin
Reduced QCD error: Cirigliano & Roselle
SUSY effects in weak decays
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m implications for NP in weak decays
Vud & CKM Unitarity Ongoing theory for weak decays:
• Further reductions in QCD errors?
• Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ?
• Implications of LHC results ?
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ChPT for -decay: Gardner et al, Ando et al
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Nuclei & Charged Leptons III
Weak DecaysQuickTime™ and a
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• n decay correlations
• nuclear decay
• pion decays
• muon decays
PV Electron ScatteringQuickTime™ and a
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• Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller• PV DIS
Muons
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
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• g-2
• A!eA
Essential Role for Theory
• Precise SM predictions (QCD)
• Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC
γ
QED
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Weak
Had LbL
Had VP
π
SUSY Loops: Sign of Higgsino mass
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Ongoing theory for g-2:
• Further reductions in had LBL uncertainty?
• Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ?
Had VP: Disp Rel & e+e-
Lattice QCD (T Blum)
Had LBL: ChPT Hadronic Models Lattice QCD?
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Precision Neutrino Property Studies
Mixing, hierarchy, & CPV
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Neutrino CPV:
Implications for leptogenesis ?
Oscillations and supernovae:
Implications of 12 , 13 & hierarchy for scattering in -driven wind? (Duan, Fuller, Carlson, Qian; Balantekin, Pehlivan)
LENS
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Normal Inverted
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Precision Neutrino Property Studies
Neutrino Mass: Terrestrial vs Cosmological
WMAP & BeyondKATRIN, Mare
Energy Density Power Spectrum
Beacom, Bell, Dodelson
New int: CMB consistent with larger m
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Weak Probes of Astro & QCD
Zhu et al: EFT for hadronic PV
Beacom & Vagins: Dope SuperK with Gd Cl3 to detect diffuse supernova neutrino background
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See also G. McLaughlin et al for probes of supernovae
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Nuclear Theory & the New St’d ModelProgress & Opportunities
• Small but hardy band of theorists making significant progress needed to guide experimental program and interpret results
• Progress in reducing QCD & nuclear structure uncertainties (, EDM, PVES, weak decays, g-2)
• Comprehensive computations of SUSY effects
• Broader implications for cosmo and astro (baryogenesis, supernovae, m from CMB)
• Close interaction between theory & exp’t
• Rich, interdisciplinary field with room to grow!
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Back Matter
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Mechanism & m
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Effective
( )Mass meV
12 3 4 5 6 7
12 3 4 5 6 7
12 3 4 5 6 7
1 ( )Minimum Neutrino Mass meV
U1e = .866 δm2
sol = 7 meV
2
U2e = .5 δm2
atm = 2 meV
2
U 3e =
Inverted
Normal
Degenerate signal equivalent to degenerate hierarchy
Loop contribution to m of inverted hierarchy scale
111/ ~ 0.06 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV
Impt to know if RPV interactions exist and, if so, what magnitude
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Lepton Flavor & Number Violation
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A Z,N( )
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MEG: B!eγ ~ 5 x 10-14
MECO: B!e ~ 5 x 10-17
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Logarithmic enhancements of R
Low scale LFV: R ~ O(1) GUT scale LFV: R ~ O
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M
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χ 0
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Light M exchange ?
Heavy particle exchange ?
Raidal, Santamaria; Cirigliano, Kurylov, R-M, Vogel
k11/ ~ 0.09 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV
!eγ LFV Probes of RPV:
k11/ ~ 0.008 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV
!e LFV Probes of RPV:
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Deep Inelastic PV: Beyond the Parton Model & SM
12 GeV 6 GeV
e-
N X
e-
Z* γ*
d(x)/u(x): large x Electroweak test: e-q couplings & sin2W
Higher Twist: qq and qqg correlations
Charge sym in pdfs
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up (x) = dn (x)?
d p (x) = un (x)?