NUCLEIC ACIDS P.40-47

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

• MADE UP OF

• C, H, O, N, AND P

• A NUCLEOTIDE MONOMER: THAT INCLUDES A 5 CARBON SUGAR, A NITROGEN BASE AND A PHOSPHATE GROUP

• 2 MAIN TYPESDNA AND RNA (THEY ARE POLYMERS)

THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS

1. DNADEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

STRUCTURE:

• DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR

• PHOSPHATE GROUP (THESE BOTH MAKE UP THE SIDES OF THE MOLECULE)

• NITROGEN BASES ADENINE (A), GUANINE (G), CYTOSINE (C), THYMINE (T) (THESE MAKE UP THE “RUNGS”, HELD TOGETHER BY HYDROGEN BONDS)

THE WATSON AND CRICK DNA MODEL

• CALLED THE DOUBLE HELIX

• SUGAR AND PHOSPHATE SIDES WITH NITROGEN BASE RUNGS JOINED BY HYDROGEN BONDS

• A-T, G-C KNOWN AS THE BASE-PAIR RULE

THE BASE-PAIR RULE

FUNCTIONS OF DNA

• CAN REPLICATE (MAKE A COPY) BY THE BREAKING OF HYDROGEN BONDS ALONG THE NITROGEN BASE RUNGS

• USED TO MAKE RNA (FOR PROTEINS)

• CONTAINS THE GENETIC CODE OF ALL LIVING THINGS

THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS

2. RNARIBONUCLEIC ACID

STRUCTURE:

• RIBOSE SUGARCONTAINS ONE MORE OXYGEN THAN DEOXYRIBOSE

• NITROGEN BASESA, G, C, URACIL (U) INSTEAD OF THYMINE (T)

• PHOSPHATE GROUP

• SINGLE STRAND THAT IS MADE FROM DNA BUT 3 TYPES (TO BE DISCUSSED LATER IN THE YEAR)mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

FUNCTION OF RNA

• USED TO MAKE PROTEINS (THROUGH PROTEIN SYNTHESIS)

NUCLEIC ACIDS QUIZ

• 20 QUESTIONS• 18 MULTIPLE CHOICE (WITH 5

DIAGRAMS)• 2 SHORT ANSWER (1 PT. EACH) SEE

HW• 3 BONUS (1 PT. EACH)