Number Paper 1 – 61. Why did we go to War in 1812?2. Who won the War of 1812?3. What did the US gain from the War of

1812?4. What did the US lose from the War of

1812?5. What did G. Washington state about

getting in other countries business?6. Why the War of 1812 so important to the

United States?

Number Paper 1 – 61. Why did we go to War in 1812? 2. Who won the War of 1812?

3. What did the US gain from the War of 1812?

Impressments - sovereignty

No One

Nothing but a Large War Debt

Number Paper 1 – 64. What did the US lose from the War of

1812?

5. What did G. Washington state about getting in other countries business?

6. Why the War of 1812 so important to the United States?

Men/Washington DC

Show the world it could stand up to other countries and can not be defeated – maintain its sovereignty

Stay Out!!!

President James MonroeA. Elected in 1816

(Democratic-Republican)B. Two Terms: 1816-1824C. “Era of Good Feelings”D. Monroe DoctrineE. Missouri Compromise

F. Basic Informationa. Term: 5th President of the United States b. Born: Westmoreland County, Virginia (April

28, 1758)c. Education: College of William and Mary

(graduated 1776)d. Career: Lawyer e. Political Party: Democratic-Republican

f. Life in Brief:i. James Monroe was the last

American President of the “Virginia Dynasty”

ii. soldier, iii. diplomat, iv. governor, v. senator, and vi. cabinet official

U.S Struggle with Other NationsA. Britain

a. US & Britain wanted to keep naval & fishing rights on the Great Lakes

b. Rush-Bagot Agreement – US & Britain agreed to limit naval power on the Great Lakes

c. Convention of 1818 i. Set the border between US & Canada at

49° N latitude as far west as Rocky Mountains

ii. Occupy the Pacific Northwest togetheriii. Gave U.S. fishing rights off

Newfoundland & Labrador coastsB. Spain

B. Spaina. Dispute over border

between US and Spanish Floridai. US sent troops to

secure the southern border

ii. General Andrew Jackson was the commander

b. Conflicts occurred between US and Florida’s Seminole Indiansi. Seminole’s helped runaway slavesii. Seminole’s raided U.S. settlementsiii. Response – capture Seminole raiding

parties

c. General Jackson conquest of Florida without Monroe’s permissioni. Took over most of Spain’s military postii. Overthrew governor of Floridaiii. American people supported Jackson

actionsd. Adam-Onis Treaty (1819)

a. Spain gave East Florida to USb. US gave up claims to Texasc. US agreed to pay up to $5 million of US

citizens’ claims against Spain

Adams-Onis Boundaries

Number Paper 1 – 101. List the four presidents from Virginia.2. “ “3. “ “4. “ “5. Which army general acted against Spain

without presidential instructions?6. Which president was the last of the

“Virginia Dynasty”?

7. Which political party was James Monroe a member?

8. Why was southern planters upset with the Seminole Indians?

9. What did General Andrew Jackson do that could have started a war with Spain?

10. What was the solution to the struggle over the Pacific Northwest?

Number Paper 1 – 101. List the four presidents from Virginia.2. “ “3. “ “4. “ “5. Which army general acted against Spain

without presidential instructions?

6. Which president was the last of the “Virginia Dynasty”?

WashingtonJefferson

MadisonMonroe

Andrew Jackson

Monroe

7. Which political party was James Monroe a member?

8. Why was southern planters upset with the Seminole Indians?

9. What did General Andrew Jackson do that could have started a war with Spain?

10. What was the solution to the struggle over the Pacific Northwest?

Democratic-Republican

Raids or Hiding Runaway Slaves

Captured Army Post or Overthrow Governor

Shared Responsibility For The Area

The Monroe DoctrineA. 1823 (Sec. Of

State - John Quincy Adams)

B. No more European colonization in Western Hemisphere

C. US dominance of Western Hemisphere established

Monroe DoctrineThe occasion has been judged proper for asserting… that the American Continents.. Are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers…

The political system of the allied powers is essentially different … from that of America. We … declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety…

With the existing colonies… we have interfered and shall not interfere. But with the governments who have declared their independence and maintained it, and whose independence we have … acknowledged, we could not view any interposition (interference) for the purpose of oppressing them … by any European power in any other light than has the manifestation (evidence) of an unfriendly disposition (attitude) toward the United States.

D. Four Basic Points:a. US would not interfere with affairs

of European nations (outside Western Hemisphere)

b. US would not interfere with existing European colonies in the Americas

c. Western Hemisphere off limits to future colonization by foreign powers (European)

d. Any European action in Western Hemisphere would be considered a hostile act (Act of War)

Implications in the Western Hemisphere

A. US dominance until the present

B. US role in Latin American affairs

C. European direct influence limited

D. Precedent of Isolationism with Europe

Panic of 1819A. First major US Financial Crisis B. Banks throughout the country failedC. Mortgages were foreclosed

a. forcing people out of their homes b. & off their farms. c. Thousands put in debtors prison

D. Falling prices impaired agriculture and manufacturing, triggering widespread unemployment.

E. Result: Law passed for relief project & ending of debtors prison

Missouri CompromiseA. Issue: Slavery in the new states

a. Will a new state be a FREE or SLAVE State i. Free State – No Slavery Allowed at

allii. Slave State – Slavery Permitted

everywhere

MISSOURI COMPROMISE

LAB

A. Which region, North or South, had the most square miles of land? {Add the square mile from the north and the south. Compare the two. (Show the work on the data sheet)}

B. Which region, North or South, was the more densely populated? {Add the density of each region and then divide by 11. Compare the two. (Show the work on the data sheet)}

C. Which of the original 3 colonial regions have the largest square mile area? (Show your work)

D. Which of the original 3 colonial regions have the highest density of people per square mile? (Show your work) _

South = 504,654; North = 294,091; South Largest

North = 30.96; South = 13.5; North = greatest density

NE = 22,959 M = 101,963 S = 212,153

NE = 56.75; M = 31.52; S = 18.6

E. Which region, North or South, had the higher population of black people? {Add the square mile from the north and the south. Compare the two.

F. In what two southern states did the black population outnumber the white population?

G. In which region can you find states where the female population outnumbered the male population? Name the states.

H. Compare the land area in the territories where slavery was prohibited with that of the territories where slavery was permitted. {Add the land area of Florida territory & Arkansas territory and compare it with the Michigan territory}. Which has the greatest land area? Free or Slave

What difference does it make?

North = 118,000 South = 1,563,000

Louisiana South Carolina

(North) NH = 124,000/120,000; MA = 268,000/255,000

Slave = 160,136 Free = 186,052

More of America remaining free

I. What changes did the Missouri Compromise bring to the U.S. Map?

J. How did the Missouri Compromise solve the problem of keeping the balance of power in the Senate between free and slave states?

K. What territory was to be kept free of slavery?

L. Why would the South begin to look to the land to the west of the borders of the U.S., in what was then part of Mexico?

Kept the US from having a Civil War North vs South

Kept the Senate equal from Free to Slave 11/11 to 12/12

Unorganized Territory; Most of the Louisiana territory

If the South could expand westward, it could add slave states within the context of the Missouri Compromise

M. Could either side be considered the winner in this compromise?

WHY?

WHY NOT?

NO

The power stay the same and the institution of slavery remained just as powerful

N. What were the inhabitants of the portion of the Missouri Territory that was petition (asking) for statehood authorized to do? [Introduction]

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That the inhabitants of that portion of the Missouri territory included within the boundaries herein after designated, be, and they are hereby, authorized to form for themselves a constitution and state government, and to assume such name as they shall deem proper; and the said state, when formed, shall be admitted into the Union, upon an equal footing with the original states, in all respects whatsoever.

O. What were the two qualifications to vote and hold office in the Missouri Territory? [Section 3]

SEC. 3. And be it further enacted, That all free white male citizens of the United States, who shall have arrived at the age of twenty-one years, and have resided in said territory: three months previous to the day of election, and all other persons qualified to vote for representatives to the general assembly of the said territory, shall be qualified to be elected and they are hereby qualified and authorized to vote, and choose representatives to form a convention, who shall be apportioned amongst the several counties as follows :From the county of Howard, five representatives.

P. What form of government were they required to establish? [Section 4]

Section 4; …Provided, That the same, whenever formed, shall be republican, and not repugnant to the constitution of the United States; and that the legislature of said state shall never interfere with the primary disposal of the soil by the United States, nor with any regulations Congress may find necessary for securing the title in such soil to the bona fide purchasers ; and that no tax shall be imposed on lands the property of the United States ; and in no case shall non-resident proprietors be taxed higher than residents.

Q. How many representatives would they be given in the House of Representatives until the next census could be taken? [Section 5]

SEC. 5. And be it further enacted, That until the next general census shall be taken, the said state shall be entitled to one representative in the House of Representatives of the United States.

R. What year will the next census be taken? [Your knowledge]

S. What section of a town must be used for a school? [Section 6.1]

Every ten years 1820 + 10 = 1830

SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the following propositions be, and the same are hereby, offered to the convention of the said territory of Missouri, when formed, for their free acceptance or rejection, which, if accepted by the convention, shall be obligatory upon the United States:First. That section numbered sixteen in every township, and when such section has been sold, or otherwise disposed of, other lands equivalent thereto, and as contiguous as may be, shall be granted to the state for the use of the inhabitants of such township, for the use of schools.

T. What percentage of state taxes must be reserved for the building of roads and canals? [Section 6.3]

SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the following propositions be, and the same are hereby, offered to the convention of the said territory of Missouri, when formed, for their free acceptance or rejection, which, if accepted by the convention, shall be obligatory upon the United States:Third. That five per cent. of the net proceeds of the sale of lands lying within the said territory or state, and which shall be sold by Congress, from and after the first day of January next, after deducting all expenses incident to the same, shall be reserved for making public roads and canals, of which three fifths shall be applied to those objects within the state, under the direction of the legislature thereof; and the other two fifths in defraying, under the direction of Congress, the expenses to be incurred in making of a road or roads, canal or canals, leading to the said state.

U. What must the Missouri territory present to Congress in order to become a state? [Section 7]

SEC. 7. And be it further enacted, That in case a constitution and state government shall be formed for the people of the said territory of Missouri, the said convention or representatives, as soon thereafter as may be, shall cause a true and attested copy of such constitution or frame of state government, as shall be formed or provided, to be transmitted to Congress.

V. Where was slavery “forever prohibited”? [Section 8]

Section 8. And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labour or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labour or service as aforesaid.

W. What was the provision for fugitive slaves? [Section 8]

Section 8. And be it further enacted. That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labour or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labour or service as aforesaid.

b. 1819 – 11 Free States/11 Slave Statei. Settlers in the Missouri Territory asked

to join the Union as a slave state.ii. Slave states would outnumber free

states.iii. Power in congress would shift from a

tie to pro slave stateiv. Result – possible dissolution of the

Union

• Who would settle the issue?• Henry Clay• Born in Virginia• Father was a Baptist

minister• No formal schooling –

self taught• Studied law • Congressman from

Kentucky for 42 years• Ran for President five

times• Slave owner

• Henry Clay• Aim to keep Union together• Argued in Congress for months• Persuaded Congress to agree to a

compromise to keep Union together

Quick Quiz

The purpose of the Missouri compromise was toa. Return slaves captured in free states to slave

statesb. Allow slavery in Maine but not in Missouric. Maintain a balance of free and slave statesd. Let Missouri have slavery until 1850

Age of Jackson

Andrew JacksonA. Background

a. Born in 1767 in Waxhaw, South Carolina, self-made lawyer, legislator and slave owner

b. National hero at the Battle of New Orleans

c. Removed Creek Indians from Tennessee, fought against Seminole Indians in Florida

d. 7th President, 1828-1837

B. Inaugurationa. Victory for the common manb. Huge party on White House lawn which

almost got out of handc. Set up “Spoils System”

a. changing government workers was a good thing

b. rewards political supporters with government jobs

c. belief that ordinary citizens can do government jobs

d. Set Up Kitchen Cabinet – informal group of trusted advisers who met in White House kitchen.

C. Issue 1: Three Regionsa. North

i. Economy based on trade & manufacturing

ii. Supported tariffs to keep competition out (British)

iii. Opposed governments selling of cheap public land resulted in less workers

iv. Opposed slave labor

b. Southi. Economy based on large & small

farmingii. Main cash crops – cotton & tobaccoiii. Sold large amounts of products to

foreign countriesiv. Imported manufacturing goods v. Opposed high tariffs

a) Higher prices for imported goodsb) Trading partners raise tariffs on

American goodsvi. Depended on slave labor

c. Westi. Developing small farm economyii. Supported policies that helped small farms

& encouraged further settlementa) Selling of land cheaplyb) Building and maintaining roadsc) Building and maintaining water

transportation such as canals

D. Issue 2: State’s Rightsa. Nullification Crisis

i. Congress passed high tariff on imports helping North industries

ii. Tariff hurt South planters – nicknamed it “Tariff of Abomination” (hateful thing)

iii. Response – “SC Exposition & Protest” stated that no state or region could be favored over another

b. Hayne – Websteri. Hayne (SC) stated that nullification was a

way to protest federal lawsii. Webster (MA) stated one nation under one

law not a pact of independent nationsiii. Result -

a) SC threatened to leave the unionb) Jackson threatened to use the army to

enforce law in SC c) No other southern state joinedd) 1833 Compromise lower tariffe) SC enforced the lawf) States Rights continue to be an issue

E. Issue 3: Native Americans – Racism/Removala. Americans had a history of violating

treaties and forcibly removing Indians from their land

b. 2 views of dealing with Indians either:i. forcibly remove them and relocate

them to lands west of the Mississippiii. A growing number of Americans view

Indians as an inferior who blocked progress

John Ross Son of a Scotsman and

Cherokee mother, who adopted American way of life

Wanted to prove loyalty during War of 1812 and was veteran who served under Jackson

Strongly fought against the taking of Cherokee lands by using the American legal and diplomacy

Major Ridge Veteran of War of

1812, fought against the British and becomes a major

He feels that some of Cherokee Georgia land must be sold to Georgia to prevent the suffering of his people

Fought against racism and discrimination toward Cherokee through legal system

Removal From Georgia Georgia is desired because it

posses fertile soil and it the next area of expansion

Gold is discovered in 1828 in Georgia over 10,000 Anglos rush to Georgia

Land lotteries of Cherokee land take place even though Cherokees live there

Cherokees have legal proof that Georgia has recognized them an independent nation

Georgia will pass laws that state Cherokee land is actually Georgia’s land

Jackson will send Federal troops who will be used to subdue some of the tribes

The Trail of Tears

c. The Indian Removal Act, 1830i. Indian Removal Act, offered Native

Americans new lands west of Mississippi in return for their land in the southeastern states

ii. Some Cherokees accept the offer and sell their land while other Cherokee tribes refuse

iii. Americans view Native Americans as blocking advancement of civilization

Challenge: Worchester v. Georgia, 1832 The Supreme Court under John Marshall

ruled that Georgia could not remove the Cherokee from their land because they were a recognized nation with their own recognized boundaries

Jackson does not follow the Supreme Court ruling and sides with the state of Georgia, he is strongly supported by the planter elite

15,000 Indians will be forced from their homes, 4,000 will die because of the move

iv. The Trail of Tearsa) The Cherokee were removed

from the Southeastern states to territory in Oklahoma in 1838

b) U.S. Army forcibly removed them from their homes just before winter.

c) The Cherokee believed that their legal victory would protect them from being removed from their land.

d) Thousands will die due to not being prepared for trip

e) Trail is 1,200 miles long traveled by foot

The Trail of Tears

Trail of TearsPrimary Source Activity