nurse theory module

8/13/2019 Nurse Theory Module

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INTRODUCTION TO


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What is a theory?

A set of concepts,definitions, relationships,and assumptions thatproject a systematic view

of a phenomena It may consist of one or

more relatively specificand concrete conceptsand propositions that

purport to account for, ororganize somephenomenon (Barnum,1988)


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What are the components of a

theory?

Conceptsideas and mentalimages that help to describephenomena (Alligood andMarriner-Tomey, 2002)

Definitionsconvey thegeneral meaning of theconcepts

Assumptionsstatements thatdescribe concepts

Phenomenonaspect ofreality that can be consciouslysensed or experienced(Meleis, 1997).


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What is a paradigm?

A model that explains

the linkages of

science, philosophy,and theory accepted

and applied by the

discipline (Alligood

and MarrinerTomey, 2002)


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What is a domain?

The view or

perspective of the

discipline

It contains thesubject, central

concepts, values and

beliefs, phenomena of

interest, and thecentral problems of

the discipline


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How does domain relate to

nursing theory?

Nursing has identified

its domain in a

paradigm that

includes fourlinkages:

1) person/client

2) health

3) environment

4) nursing


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Purposes of nursing theory


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What are the purposes of

nursing theory?

It guides nursing

practice and

generates knowledge

It helps to describe orexplain nursing

Enables nurses to

know WHYthey are

doing WHAT they are

doing


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Types of nursing theories

Grand theoriesbroadand complex

Middle-range theories-address specificphenomena and reflectpractice

Descriptive theoriesfirst level of theorydevelopment

Prescriptive theoriesaddress nursinginterventions and predicttheir consequences


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Why on earth do we study

nursing theory? Everyday practice enriches

theory

Both practice and theory areguided by values and beliefs

Theory helps to reframe our

thinking about nursing Theory guides use of ideas

and techniques

Theory can close the gapbetween theory and research

To envision potentialities(Gordon, Parker, & Jester,2001)


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he study and use of nursing theory innursing practice must have roots in theeveryday practice of nurses Gordon,Parker, and Jester, 2001).


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So how do nurses use theory in

everyday practice?

Organize patient data

Understand patient data

Analyze patient data

Make decisions aboutnursing interventions

Plan patient care

Predict outcomes of care

Evaluate patientoutcomes

(Alligood, 2001)


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How do student nurses begin to

use nursing theory?

By asking yourself

two very important

questions..


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Student nurse questions

What is the natureof

knowledge needed for the

practice of nursing?

What does it mean to me

to practicenursing?


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Nursing also utilizes non-nursing

theories


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Commonly used non-nursing

theories

Systems theory

Basic Human Needstheory

Health and WellnessModels

Stress and Adaptation

Developmental

Theories Psychosocial

Theories

Wh t i th li k b t i


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What is the link between nursing

theory and the research

process? Theory provides direction

for nursing research

Relationships of

components in a theoryhelp to drive the research

questions for

understanding nursing

Chinn and Kramer(2004), indicate a spiral

relationship between the

two


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Current trends that influence

nursing theory

Medical science

Nursing education

Professional nursing

organizations

Evolving research

approaches

Global concerns Consumer demands

Technologies


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Practicing nurses who despise theory arecondemned to performing a series of tasks - either

at the command of a physician or in response to

routines and policies.

Leah Curtin, RN, MS, FAAN (1989)

Former Editor, Nursing Management


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nurse theory module

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