nurses’ health study (n=121,700)
DESCRIPTION
Nurses’ Health Study (n=121,700). 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2010. Diet. Nails. Diet. Diet. Diet Blood. Diet. Diet. Ocs Smoking Weight/Ht Med. Hist. Health Professionals Follow-up Study (n=52,000). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Nurses’ Health Study (n=121,700)
Health Professionals Follow-up Study (n=52,000)
Nurses’ Health Study II (n=116,000)
Investigators: Frank Hu, Frank Speizer, Bernie Rosner, Meir Stampfer, Graham Colditz, David Hunter, JoAnn Manson, Sue Hankinson, Eric Rimm, Edward Giovannucci, Alberto Ascherio, Gary Curhan, Charlie Fuchs, Fran Grodstein, Michelle Holmes, Donna Spiegelman
1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2010
DietOcsSmokingWeight/HtMed. Hist.
Diet Diet DietBlood
Diet Diet
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2010
Diet Diet DietBlood
Diet
1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
Diet Diet Diet
0.198a
Nails
Nails
Blood
1.501.85
1.061.001.39 1.41
1.00 1.11
0.00.51.01.52.02.5
<1/ mo 1-4/ mo 2-6/ wk >=1/ dSugar-sweetened soft drink consumption
Relat
ive R
isk
multivariate adjusted multivariate + BMI
P<0.001 for trend
Regular Soft Drinks and Type 2 Diabetes, NHS2
(Schulze et al. 2004 JAMA)25.080
100
80
60
40
20
0-20
-40
1%E 2%E 3%E 4%E 5%E
Trans
Sat
Mono
Poly
% C
hang
e in
CH
D
Hu FB, et al. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1491-99.131
Type of Dietary Fat and Risk of Coronary Heart DiseaseThe Nurses' Health Study
14-Year Follow-up
Percentage of Type 2 Diabetes Potentially Preventable by Simultaneous Reduction of Five Modifiable Risk
Factors (NHS) (Hu et al.)
Low Risk1. Nonsmoking2. BMI < 253. Moderate to vigorous exercise4. Diet score in upper 40% (low trans fat, high cereal fiber, low glycemic load, high P:S ratio)5. Alcohol 5+ grams/day
Percent in low risk group: 4.1%Population attributable risk (PAR): 92% (82-96)
25.026R
29.446
29.443
MACROSYSTEM(Society)
Agricultural & Economic
Policies
FoodProduction
& Distribution
Restaurants
Parks & Playgrounds
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
(Community Settings)
SOCIALENVIRONMENT
INDIVIDUAL
Worksites
Malls
VendingMachines
Food Access & Availability
Coworkers Friends
Grocery Stores
Social Norms
Culture
Family
Schools
FastFood
Media & Entertainment
(Print, TV, Web, Mobile)
Food&
Beverage Industry
Advertising
•Psychosocial•Lifestyle•Biologic
Health Clinics
Architectural Policy
(Zoning)
Exercise Facilities
Adapted by L Cheung
MediaRole
Models
Convenience Stores
Sidewalks
Bike Paths
RecreationPolicy
EducationalPolicy
TransportationPolicy
Health CarePolicy
Factors Influencing Individual Behavior
29.213a