nutrients. found in the food that we eat provides energy in the form of calories there are six...
TRANSCRIPT
NUTRIENTS
Found in the food that we eat Provides energy in the form of CALORIES There are six major types of nutrients:
CARBOHYDRATES FATS PROTEINS VITAMINS MINERALS WATER
CARBOHYDRATES
The body’s main source of energy Found mainly in food from plant sources such
as fruit, vegetables and grains There are two groups of carbohydrates:
COMPLEX carbohydrates SIMPLE carbohydrates
SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES
Otherwise known as sugars Composed of one or two
rings of carbon FRUCTOSE: found in
fruit MALTOSE: found in
grains LACTOSE: found in milk GLUCOSE
SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES
MONOSACCHARIDES: made up of ONE sugar Example: Glucose or
Fructose DISACCHARIDES:
made up of TWO sugars Example: Sucrose
COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES
There are two kinds: STARCH FIBRE
POLYSACCHARIDES: made up of MANY sugars
Both are found in legumes, potatoes, corn and grains
FIBRE
Doesn’t provide energy There are two kinds of fibre, SOLUBLE and
INSOLUBLE SOLUBLE fibre: dissolves in water
Increases the thickness of stomach content Found in fruits, vegetables, legumes and oats
INSOLUBLE fibre: will not dissolve in water Absorbs water and adds bulk Helps to move food along the large intestine to
promote regular bowel movements
PROTEINS
Help the body grow Repairs worn-out or damaged parts Regulate important biological processes
Example: Fighting diseases Can also be used for energy Found in skin, muscles, bones, hair etc. Found in all foods from animal sources but
can also be found in legumes, nuts and grains
PROTEINS
Composed of chemical building blocks called AMINO ACIDS
There are 22 amino acids 9 are ESSENTIAL amino
acids since they MUST come from the food we eat
AMINO ACIDS
Amino acids are held together by a PEPTIDE BOND
Proteins can also be referred to as POLYPEPTIDES
All amino acids have an AMINO group, a CARBOXYL group and a HYDROGEN
PROTEINS
COMPLETE proteins: supply all 9 essential amino acids Example: fish, poultry milk and soy products
INCOMPLETE proteins: lack one or more essential amino acid Example: foods from plant sources
FATS
Promotes normal cell growth Carries vitamins A, D, E, and K to where they
are needed Fat stored in the body provide a reserve
supply of energy Acts as a cushion to protect vital organs such
as your liver or your heart
FAT STRUCTURE
Found in foods such as animal fat, butter or vegetable oils
A fat molecule is composed of two parts: A GLYCEROL head FATTY ACID CHAIN
tail
FAT
SATURATED fat: has only SINGLE BONDS in the fatty acid chain
UNSATURATED fat: has at least one DOUBLE BOND in the fatty acid chain
POLYUNSATURATED fat: has many double bond in the fatty acid chain
VITAMINS
There are 13 different types of vitamins There are two major groups:
WATER SOLUBLE: dissolve in water Example: Vitamins C and B
FAT SOLUBLE: absorbed and transported by fat Example: Vitamins A, D, E, and K
VITAMINS
VITAMIN B: helps the body release energy from carbohydrates, proteins and fats
VITAMIN C: helps to maintain a healthy immune system
FOLATE: helps to prevent birth defects VITAMIN A: helps you see normally at night VITAMIN D: helps you body to use calcium and
phosphorus VITAMIN K: necessary for blood to clot
normally
MINERALS
Become part of the body; such as bones and teeth
Used to make substances that your body needs
There are three groups of minerals: MAJOR MINERALS ELECTROLYTES TRACE MINERALS
MAJOR MINERALS
Needed in large amounts CALCIUM: builds and
maintains bones PHOSPHORUS: builds
body cells and tissues MAGNESIUM: helps
nerves and muscles work properly
TRACE MINERALS
Needed in very small amounts
IRON: helps carry oxygen to the cells
ZINC: helps your body heal wounds
FLUORIDE: helps to strengthen teeth
ELECTROLYTE Specific minerals that work together to maintain the
body’s fluid balance POTASSIUM: maintains the heartbeat CHLORIDE: helps transmit nerve signals SODIUM: helps to regulate blood pressure