nutrition 1
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Cardiac Rehab and NutritionSession 1
Janice Holley MSc, RDJulie Snider MAN, RDCardiac Rehab DietitiansSt. Mary’s General Hospital
Overview of Nutrition at Cardiac Rehab
Nutrition education sessions (4) Individual appointment
45 minute assessment bring 3 day food records
spouse/partner/grocery shopper/cook
Possible follow-up
Ways to reduce risk Behaviour change in:
daily eating habits daily physical activity tobacco use managing stress….. will help you to……
Reach target levels for blood fats: LDL, HDL, TG, Ratio
Lower body weight (lower % body fat, WC) Control high blood pressure (less sodium) Control blood sugar to target levels
5 F’s to Heart Healthy Eating
FAT* FIBER FISH* FRUIT FRESH*
Today’s Session
Types of cholesterol in blood Types of fat in foods
where to find and how to limit Healthy body weight/body
composition
What are the different types of fats in blood?
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) High density lipoprotein (HDL) Triglycerides
(**Found in blood, not in foods)
What is Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)?
Contributes to blockages in the arteries
What is High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)?
Helps prevent blockages in the arteries
Desirable Blood Fat Profile
LDL less than 2.0 HDL more than 1.1 Triglycerides less than 1.7 Cholesterol/HDL ratio less than
4.0
Types of fats in foods
Monounsaturated fat Polyunsaturated fat Omega-3 fat Saturated fat Trans fat
Monounsaturated Fats Helps to lower LDL and keep
HDL from decreasing Sources include:
Olive and canola oil, Non-hydrogenated
margarines made from olive and canola
oil, Avocados, Nuts: almonds, filberts and cashews
Polyunsaturated Fats Helps to lower LDL;
no effect on HDLSources include: Sunflower, safflower,
corn, soybean and sesame seed oils
Nuts: walnut, pine nut,
brazil nuts, sesame and sunflower seeds
6 sources include:Sunflower,
safflower, corn, soybean and sesame seed oils; nuts: walnut, pine nut, brazil nuts; sesame & sunflower seeds
Omega 3 Fat Helps to lower LDL, keep blood thin,
reduces inflammation and irregular heart beats
EPA and DHA found in fish Highest amounts in salmon, trout, mackerel,
sardines, tuna (bluefin, albacore) ALA found in ground flaxseed, nuts,
canola oil, soy Much more on omega 3’s in next
session!
Saturated and Trans Fat
Solid fats at room temperature Mostly hidden in foods (meats,
dairy, processed foods, hard stick margarines)
Raise LDL and lower HDL cholesterol
Trans Fats – Processed Fats
Avoid: Hard margarines Hydrogenated fats Vegetable oil
shortening Fried fast foods Snack foods, cookies,
crackers that contain Trans Fat (< 2 g/day)
How much fat should you eat? Limit total fat to 60 g per day
5 g = 1 tsp
15 g = 1 tbsp
60 g = 4 tbsp
So how much saturated fat?
Limit the saturated fat to 10-15 grams maximum per day by choosing lower fat foods.
Remember 1 teaspoon has 5 grams fat.
Added Fat vs. Hidden Fat
Keep added fats to 30 g or 2 Tbsp/day
Other half (30 g or 2 Tbsp) is hidden fat
How to limit added fat
Choose lower fat cooking methods what are examples?
Less spreading! Less pouring! And Measure!
Add less non-hydrogenated margarine, less oil
Use lower fat salad dressings/mayo, fat-free sour cream
How to limit hidden fat
#1 way is to limit portion sizes Choose fish, chicken/turkey, lean pork
and plant protein more often than red meat
skinless poultry butterfly pork chops or pork tenderloin lean red meat low fat soy foods lower fat dairy products.
Choose lower fat dairy products
Skim or 1% milk Yogurt less than 0.5%
M.F. Cottage Cheese less
than 1% M.F Lower fat cheeses
Less than 20% M.F. if 1-2 times/week
4-7% M.F. if use more often
Summary:How can we lower LDL?
Limit total fat Limit saturated and trans fat Use soy products Eat more fiber (sessions 2 & 3)
Summary: How do we increase HDL?
Aerobic exercise Healthy fats e.g
canola & olive oils, almonds
Alcohol (more in sessions 2 & 4)
Lose abdominal fat
Aim for a healthy body weight
Body composition analyses : weight, fat, muscle, water
Waist circumference: Men – less than 40”
Women – less than 35”
If you are overweight -
…are you an apple or a pear?
Energy in – energy out
Next Session
Omega 3 Fat Label-reading Mediterranean diet