nutrition 2008 ghana demographic and health survey
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Nutrition
2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey
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• Breastfeeding and Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices
• Micronutrient Intake and Anaemia
• Nutritional Status of Children
• Nutritional Status of Women
© Erberto Zani, Courtesy of Photoshare
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Early Breastfeeding
• Provides a newborn with colostrum, a key supplement for the infant’s immune system.
• 52% of newborns are breastfed within the first hour of life, and 82% within the first day.
• 18% of newborns received a prelacteal feed.
• 98% of infants are ever breastfed.
• 11% of infants under 6 months are bottle-fed.
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Duration of BreastfeedingMedian duration of breastfeeding in months among children born in the last 3 years
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How does Ghana Compare?
Median duration of any breastfeeding in months
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Exclusive Breastfeeding
• Children who receive only breast milk are considered exclusively breastfed.
• Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months of life, since breast milk contains all the nutrients that a baby needs.
• Antibodies in breast milk provide immunity to disease.
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Exclusive Breastfeeding by Age
Age in months
Percent of children exclusively breastfed
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Breastfeeding Status Under 6 Months
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Complementary Foods
• Introduction of complementary foods before age 6 months is discouraged.
• After 6 months, complementary foods should be introduced.
• 17% of children under 6 months are already consuming solid or mushy food.
• 75% of children age 6-9 months consume solid or mushy food.
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IYCF Practices
• The Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices (IYCF) recommended by WHO: – Breastfed children over 6 months should also receive 3
or more food groups, at least twice a day for infants 6-8 months and at least 3 times a day for breastfed children 9-23 months.
– Non-breastfed children should receive milk or milk products, in addition to 4 or more food groups, 4 times a day or more.
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IYCF PracticesPercent of children 6-23 months
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• Breastfeeding and Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices
• Micronutrient Intake and Anaemia
• Nutritional Status of Children
• Nutritional Status of Women
© Erberto Zani, Courtesy of Photoshare
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Vitamin A and Iron IntakeAmong youngest child age 6-35
months living with his/her mother
Among children age 6-59 months
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Vitamin A and Iron Intake among Mothers
Percent of women age 15-49
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Prevalence of Anaemia among ChildrenPercent of children age 6-59 months with any anaemia
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Prevalence of Anaemia among WomenPercent of women age 15-49 with any anaemia
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• Breastfeeding and Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices
• Micronutrient Intake and Anaemia
• Nutritional Status of Children
• Nutritional Status of Women
© Erberto Zani, Courtesy of Photoshare
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Nutritional Status of Children
Percent of children under 5
9
14
28
*Based on the new WHO Child Growth Standards
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Children’s Stunting by Region
Percent of children under 5 stunted (too short for age)
Ghana28%
Northern32%
Volta27%
Ashanti27%
Brong Ahafo25%
Western27%
Eastern38%
Upper West25%
Central34%
Upper East36%
Greater Accra14%
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• Breastfeeding and Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices
• Micronutrient Intake and Anaemia
• Nutritional Status of Children
• Nutritional Status of Women
© Erberto Zani, Courtesy of Photoshare
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Nutritional Status of Women
Percent of women 15-49 by nutritional status
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Women’s Nutritional Status
by RegionNorthern14%
Volta28%
Ashanti31%
Brong Ahafo20%
Western34%
Eastern34%
Upper West13%
Central32%
Upper East15%
Greater Accra45%
Percent of women age 15-49 who are overweight or obese
Ghana30%
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Key Findings
• Children are breastfed for a median of 20.2 months– However, children are exclusively breastfed for 3.3
months• All children under 6 months are breastfed—63% of
children under 6 months are exclusively breastfed, and 17% are already receiving complementary foods
• 28% of children are stunted (short for their age)• 9% of women are thin, while 30% are overweight or
obese