nutrition and cancer prevention
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Nutrition and Cancer Prevention. Presented by James Smetaniuk, RD, CDE Registered Dietitian Allan Blair Cancer Centre. Quick Look. Cancer Prevention Basics What can we control What Role does food play in prevention Nutrition after diagnosis. Cancer Prevention. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Nutrition and Cancer Prevention
PRESENTED BY JAMES SMETANIUK, RD, CDE
REGISTERED DIETITIANALLAN BLAIR CANCER CENTRE
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• CANCER PREVENTION BASICS• WHAT CAN WE CONTROL• WHAT ROLE DOES FOOD PLAY
IN PREVENTION• NUTRITION AFTER DIAGNOSIS
Quick Look
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Cancer Prevention
About 1/3 of all cancers can be prevented by lifestyle choices There is no one food to eat There is no one exercise to do
It’s overall lifestyle choices
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Cancer Prevention
Diet
Weight
PhysicalActivity
Cancer Prevention
Adapted from the American Institutefor Cancer Reasearch
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Recommendations for Cancer Prevention
Do not smoke or chew tobaccoBe sun smart
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Be as lean as possible 30 mins physical activity everyday.
Recommendations for Cancer Prevention
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Avoid sugary drinks and energy dense foods.Eat a variety of vegetables, fruits, whole
grains and legumesLimit red meats and avoid processed meats
Recommendations for Cancer Prevention
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Recommendations for Cancer Prevention
Limit alcohol 2 drinks/day for men, 1 drink/day for
womenLimit salt and processed foods
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Don’t use supplements to protect against cancer
Breastfeed exclusively to 6 monthsAfter treatment, same guidelines apply to
cancer survivors.
Recommendations for Cancer Prevention
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Foods Can Fight Cancer….
Directly Individual vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals have
anti-cancer effects Synergy of compounds in overall diet that have the
biggest protective effectIndirectly
Excess body fat increases the risk of seven cancers Vegetables and fruits are low in calories Whole grain and beans are rich in fibre and moderate in
caloriesFill 2/3 of you plate with vegetables, fruits,
whole grains and beans
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Cancer Prevention and Diet
ADD Cancer protective foods
SUBTRACT foods that increase risk
REPLACE large portions of calorie dense foods
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Phytochemicals – the Cancer Fighters in our Foods
Phytochemicals – naturally occurring plant chemicals
Provide colour, flavour, odourInfluence chemical processes in the bodyThousands have been identified
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Phytochemicals can….
Stimulate immune systemBlock carcinogensReduce inflammationPrevent DNA damage and help repairReduce oxidative cell damageSlow the growth of cancer cellsTrigger death of damaged cellsRegulate hormones
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Phytochemical Plant Source Possible benefits
Carotenoids(beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin)
Red, orange and green fruits and vegetables
May inhibit cancer cell growth, improve immune response and work as antioxidants
Flavonoids (anthocyanins and quercetin)
Apples, citrus, onions, soybeans, coffee, tea
May inhibit inflammation and tumor growth, aid immunity and boost detoxifying enzyme production
Indoles and Glucosinolates (sulforaphane)
Cruciferous vegetables May induce detox of carcinogens, limit cancer-related hormone production, block carcinogens, prevent tumor growth
Inositol (phytic acid) Bran from corn, oats, rice, rye and wheat, nuts, soybeans
May slow cell growth and work as antioxidant
Isoflavones (daidzein and genistein)
Soybeans and soy products May inhibit tumor growth, cancer related hormone production and work as an antioxidant
Isothiocyanates Cruciferous vegetables May detox carcinogens, block tumor growth and work as antioxidants
Polyphenols (ellagic acid and resveratrol)
Green tea, grapes, wine, berries, citrus fruit, apples, whole grains and peanuts
May prevent cancer formation, prevent inflammation and work as an antioxidant
Terpenes (perilly alcohol, limonene, carnosol)
Cherries, citrus fruit peel, rosemary
May protect cells from becoming cancerous, slow cell growth, strength immune system, fight viruses, antioxidant
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Foods that Fight
ApplesBlueberriesBroccoli and cruciferous vegCherriesCoffeeCranberriesFlaxseedGrapefruitLegumes (dry beans, peas, lentils)
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Foods that Fight
SoySquash (winter)WalnutsWhole grainsBerriesDark leafy greensGarlicGrapes and grape juiceGreen TeaTomatoes
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Foods that Fight
Herbs, Spices and Tea Turmeric Ginger Saffron Tea
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What Does it Mean?
Eat a variety of vegetables and fruits, whole grains and beans
Brightly coloured and strongly flavoured vegetables and fruits are best source of phytochemicals
STICK TO FOOD SOURCES
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WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
Nutrition After Diagnosis
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Incidence of Malnutrition
Up to 80% of cancer patients experience malnutrition during their illness
Why?Increase in energy expenditureChanges in carbohydrate, protein
and lipid metabolismDecreased intake due to
treatment side effects
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Effects of Malnutrition
treatment complications and delays
hospitalizations
response to treatment quality of life survival rates
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Benefits of Eating Well
Improve immune function to help fight infections
Promote healing and recovery after treatment
Prevent muscle wasting and maintain strength
Provide energy to combat fatigue
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Nutrition Goals During Treatment
Maintain or improve nutritional status
Maintain or increase current weight
Manage symptoms related to cancer and/or treatment
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Nutrition Recommendations
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Most Common Side Effects
Decreased appetiteWeight lossDry mouthSore mouth and throatTaste changesNausea/vomitingDiarrheaConstipationFatigue
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QUESTIONS?
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References
American Institute for Cancer Research: Cancer Prevention – Putting it Togetherhttp://www.aicr.org/reduce-your-cancer-risk/cancer-prevention/American Institute for Cancer Research: Diet – What We Eathttp://www.aicr.org/reduce-your-cancer-risk/diet/Canadian Cancer Society: Nutrition and Fitnesshttp://www.cancer.ca/en/prevention-and-screening/live-well/nutrition-and-fitness/?region=skLaMantia, J.(2012). The Essentials Cancer Treatment Nutrition Guide and Cookbook. Toronto: Robert Rose.