nutrition the basis of healthy living. nutrition
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nutrition
The basis of healthy living
![Page 2: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 3: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Nutrition
• How is our biochemical energy generated?• What roles do carbohydrates, fats and proteins play in our diets and
health?• What are the major functions of vitamins and minerals in our diet?• What are current recommendations for a healthy diet?• What are the types and functions of food additives? • How we use energy?• How is body weight regulated?• What drives the metabolism during fasting?• What is the relationship between diet and heart disease?• How can we modify the diet of diabetic and hypertensive patients?• What are the nutritional requirements in pregnancy, lactation and in the
newborn?
• What is Protein Energy Malnutrition?
![Page 4: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Nutrition
The science that deals with diet and health
![Page 5: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 6: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Nutrition
• Nutrients Macronutrients Micronutrients
• Five classes of nutrients Proteins Fats Carbohydrates Vitamins Minerals
• Water
Substance in the food that provides energy or biochemical raw material
![Page 7: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Nutrition
• Balanced diet
• DRIs or Dietary Reference Intakes
• Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
• Major food groups
• Beverages
![Page 8: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Nutrition
A balanced diet is one that contains all the five types of dietary ingredients, i.e. proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals in amounts sufficient for the particular individual depending upon his age, sex and level of activity etc.
![Page 9: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Nutrition
Those who, when they spend are not extravagant and not niggardly, but hold a just (balance) between these two (extremes).
67- Al-Furqân (Al Quran)
![Page 10: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Nutrition
• EAR Estimated Average Requirement Intake at which the risk of inadequacy is 50%
• RDA Recommended Dietary Allowance Intake at which the risk of inadequacy is 2-3%
• AI Adequate Intake Estimate of nutrient intake of healthy people
• UL Tolerable Upper Intake Level At an intake above UL the risk of adverse
effects increases
![Page 11: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Nutrition
OBSERVED LEVEL OF NUTRIENT INTAKE
1.0
0.5
0
1.0
0.5
0
Ris
k o
f in
adeq
uac
y
Ris
k o
f ad
vers
e ef
fect
s
EAREAR ULUL
AIAI
RDARDA
![Page 12: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Nutrition
• AMDR
• “A range of intakes for a particular macronutrient that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease, while providing adequate amounts of essential nutrients.”
![Page 13: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Nutrition
Carb
Fat
Prot
Macronutrients
Pies show Sums of Range
Carb 52.38%
Fat 26.19%
Prot 21.43%10-35%
45-65%
20-35%
![Page 14: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Nutrition
•Importance of protein in diet•Protein turnover•Nitrogen balance•Nutritionally essential amino acids•Protein quality•Requirement of protein in diet
![Page 15: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Nutrition
Creatine
Neurotransmitters
Membrane proteins
Transport proteins
Contractile proteinsContractile proteins
Plasma proteinsPlasma proteins
StructuralStructural ProteinsProteins
EnzymesHemoglobin
![Page 16: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Nutrition
• 300-400g each day
• Short lived proteins
Regulatory proteins, misfolded proteins
• Long lived proteins
Structural proteins (collagen)
![Page 17: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Nutrition
100 g100 g
DietDiet Nonessential Nonessential amino acid synthesisamino acid synthesis
Body proteinBody proteinbreakdownbreakdown
400 g400 g 100 g100 g
Tissue proteinTissue proteinSynthesisSynthesis
400 g400 g
SYNTHESIS OF:SYNTHESIS OF:PorphyrinsPorphyrinsCreatineCreatineNeurotransmittersNeurotransmittersPurinesPurinesPyrimidinesPyrimidinesOther N containingOther N containingcompoundscompounds
Ketone BodiesKetone BodiesFatty AcidsFatty Acids
SteroidsSteroids
CO2CO2GlucoseGlucose
GlycogenGlycogen
![Page 18: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Nutrition
• State of protein nutrition
mg of N * 6.25 = mg of protein• N is 16% of most proteins• “The difference between intake and output
of nitrogenous compounds is known as N balance”
• Output of N from the body Urea, undigested (feces), sweat, shed skin
![Page 19: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Nutrition
• “Nitrogen lost from the body even when no protein is being consumed is termed obligatory nitrogen loss.”
![Page 20: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 21: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Nutrition
CC COO-COO-
HH
RR
+H3N+H3N
![Page 22: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Nutrition
• “The quality of a protein is a measure of its ability to provide the essential amino acids required for tissue maintenance.”
• PDCAAS
![Page 23: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 24: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Nutrition
NPU =grams of protein digested and assimilatedgrams of protein taken in diet
![Page 25: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Nutrition
P.E.R =grams of weight gain grams of protein taken
In a specified time period
![Page 26: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Nutrition
• “The content of essential amino acids of a protein is matched with that of egg protein which is used as a reference standard, and has been assigned a chemical score of 100.”
• PROTEIN QUALITY All essential amino acids Optimal proportion Easily digestible
![Page 27: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 28: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Nutrition
WHEAT (lysine deficient – methionine rich)
KIDNEY BEANS(lysine rich – methionine deficient)
![Page 29: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Nutrition
WHEAT + KIDNEY BEANS (lysine rich– methionine rich)
![Page 30: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Nutrition
2g/kg/day2g/kg/day
1g/kg/day1g/kg/dayPregnancyLactation
Additional 30g/dayAdditional 30g/day
![Page 31: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Nutrition
•Importance of lipids in diet•Dietary fats and plasma lipids•Essential fatty acids•Plasma cholesterol level and its importance•Trans fatty acids•What is peroxidation of PUFA?
![Page 32: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Nutrition
LDL
HDL
ATP
PGs
Steroid hormonesVitamins
Adiposetissue
![Page 33: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Nutrition
• Constituent fatty acids
• Double bonds Presence/ absence Number/ location Cis/ trans
• Saturated fats, LDL & Cardiovascular disease
• Sources of saturated fats
![Page 34: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Nutrition
• Monounsaturated fats ↓Total and LDL cholesterol maintain or ↑HDL cholesterol Vegetables and fish
• Polyunsaturated fats Location of double bonds
• N-6 or Ω6 fatty acids• N-3 or Ω3 fatty acids
Click to revise fatty acid structure
![Page 35: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Nutrition
• Vegetable oils Nuts, avocados,
olives, soybeans, cottonseed, sesame and corn oil
• Lower plasma LDLs• Lower plasma HDLs
![Page 36: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Nutrition
Also a tree springing out of Mount Sinai, which produces oil, and relish for those who use it for food.
20- Al Mûminûn (Al-Quran)
![Page 37: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Nutrition
• Plants and fish oils DHA and EPA
• Reduce risk of cardiovascular mortality Little effect on HDL and
LDL Supress cardiac arrythmias Reduce serum TAG Decrease tendency to
thrombosis
![Page 38: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Nutrition
It is He Who has made the sea subject, that ye may eat thereof flesh that is fresh and tender…..
14- An Nahl (Al Quran)
![Page 39: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 40: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Nutrition
INHIBIT PLATELET AGGREGATION
PLATELET AGGREGATION
![Page 41: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 42: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Nutrition
STRONGLY INHIBIT PLATELET AGGREGATION
WEAK PLATELET AGGREGATION
![Page 43: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Nutrition
• Source Endogenous biosynthesis Diet (animal products)
• Transport Lipoproteins LDL and CHD
• Smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, TAG HDL
• Effect of dietary cholesterol on plasma cholesterol Amount and types of FA (diet induced changes10-20%) Carbohydrate (decrease HDL, increase TAG) Soy protein, B6, B12 and folate (decrease plasma cholesterol)
• Effect of Statin drugs on plasma cholesterol Decrease plasma cholesterol by 30-40%
![Page 44: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Nutrition
• Classified as unsaturated but behave as saturated
• Elevate LDLs
• Source Not in plants Small amounts in animals Manufacture of margarine
![Page 45: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 46: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 47: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Nutrition
• Aerobic metabolism Superoxide Hydrogen peroxide Hydroxyl
• Other toxins Environmental Metabolism of drugs
• Damage Proteins DNA Lipid peroxidation
![Page 48: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Nutrition
PUFA
RR
PUFA-OO PUFAPUFAPUFA PUFA-OOPUFA-OOPUFA-OO PUFAPUFA-OO
![Page 49: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Nutrition
PUFA
RR
PUFA-OO PUFAPUFAPUFA PUFA-OOPUFA-OO PUFA
Toc-OHToc-OPUFA-OOH
![Page 50: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Nutrition
PUFA-OH
PUFA-H PUFA-H
Toc-O
PUFA-OOH
Vit C (red)
Vit C (ox)Toc-OH
Phospholipase A2 Phospholipase A2 Cytosol
![Page 51: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Nutrition
• Chain reaction providing continuous supply of free radicals that initiate further peroxidation.
• Effects Rancidity Tissue damage
• Inflammatory disease, cancer, atherosclerosis and aging
• Antioxidants Food additives
• Propyl gallate, butylated hydroxyanisole BHA etc Naturally occuring
• Water soluble and Lipid soluble• Vit C and urate• Vit E
• Chain breaking and preventive• SOD, urate and Vit E• Catalase and Glutathione peroxidase
![Page 52: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Nutrition
•Importance of carbohydrates in diet•Requirements for carbohydrate•Glycemic index of food•Importance of dietary fiber•Sachaarins
![Page 53: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Nutrition
ATP
Liver and muscle glycogen
Glycosylation of proteinsGlycosylation of proteins
Protein sparing
OO
![Page 54: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Nutrition
• Not essential
• Absence leads to: Ketone body production Degradation of body protein
• RDA 130g/day 45-65% of total calories
![Page 55: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Nutrition
Glycemic index is the area under the blood glucose curves seen after ingestion of a meal with carbohydrate rich food,
compared with
the area under the blood glucose curve observed after a meal consisting of the same amount of carbohydrate in the form of glucose or white bread.
![Page 56: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Nutrition
Blo
od
glu
cose
mg
/dl
Minutes after ingestion of food
140
70
00 40 80 120
Low glycemic index
High glycemic index
![Page 57: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Nutrition
Non starch polysaccharide NSP Non digestible carbohydrates
Lignin Polymer of
phenylpropanoid subunits
• Total fiber Dietary fiber Functional fiber
• Soluble fiber• Insoluble fiber
![Page 58: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Nutrition
• Delays gastric emptying
• Reduces postprandial blood glucose concentration
• Reduces constipation, hemorrhoid formation
• Increases bowel motility
• Decreases absorption and increases fecal loss of cholesterol
![Page 59: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Nutrition
INTESTINE
![Page 60: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Nutrition
INTESTINE
![Page 61: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Nutrition
INTESTINE
H2OH2O H2OH2O
H2OH2O H2OH2O
H2OH2O
![Page 62: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Nutrition
Growing incidence of metabolic syndrome
![Page 63: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 64: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 65: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 66: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 67: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 68: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 69: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 70: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 71: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 72: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 73: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 74: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 75: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 76: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 77: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 78: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 79: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Nutrition
• The GRAS list• Antioxidants• Sequestrants • Food flavors• Flavor enhancers • Food colors • Anticaking agents • Stabilizers and Thickeners
Sequestrant is a food additive whose role is to improve the quality and stability of the food products. Sequestrants form chelate complexes with polyvalent metal ions, especially copper, iron and nickel, which serve as catalysts in the oxidation of the fats in the food.
Flavors are additives that give food a particular taste or smell, and may be derived from natural ingredients or created artificially.
Flavor enhancers enhance a food's existing flavors. They may be extracted from natural sources or created artificially.
Stabilizers, thickeners and gelling agents, like agar or pectin (used in jam for example) give foods a firmer texture.
![Page 80: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Nutrition
• Saccharin• Aspartame• Acesulfame K• Sucralose• Stevia
![Page 81: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 82: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 83: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 84: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 85: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 86: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Nutrition
• Getting older
• Carrying extra pounds
• Being sedentary
• Diet Low in fiber High in calories Full of saturated fat
• Smoker
![Page 87: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 88: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Nutrition
• Belly fat
• High TAG levels
• Low HDL cholesterol
(or low HDL/LDL ratio)
• High blood pressure
• High fasting glucose levels/Insulin resistance or glucose intolerance
![Page 89: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 90: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Nutrition
Plaque build-ups in artery walls Coronary heart
disease Stroke Peripheral vascular
disease Type II diabetes
![Page 91: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Nutrition
It takes less time and energy to get fast food and it is a lot cheaper.
But don't wait until it is too late
Take action today.
Stay healthy, Eat right.
![Page 92: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Nutrition
• Hunger center Lateral hypothalamic area
• Satiety center Ventromedial nucleus
![Page 93: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Nutrition
• Hormones that decrease appetite Leptin Adiponectin Resistin
• Hormones that increase appetite Ghrelin
![Page 94: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Nutrition
Efferent signals
Decreased appetiteIncreased metabolism
![Page 95: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Nutrition
Efferent signals
Increased appetiteDecreased metabolism
![Page 96: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Nutrition
• Height and weight• Waist hip ratio• BMI• Skinfold measurements• Densitometry• Ultrasound • Bioelectrical impedance • Computed tomography• Serum albumin level
![Page 97: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Nutrition
• “Body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet Index is a statistical measure of the weight of a person scaled according to height.”
Body Mass Index (BMI) = Weight (kg) / Height (m) ²
![Page 98: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 99: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Nutrition
A silent killer
![Page 100: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Nutrition
Man is a creature of haste! Soon will I show you My signs; so ask Me not to hasten.
37- Al Anbiyāa Al Quran
It takes less time and energy to get fast food and it is a lot cheaper.
But don't wait until it is too late
Take action today.
Stay healthy, Eat right.
![Page 101: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Nutrition
TYPES OF FATTYPES OF FAT
WHITEWHITE BROWNBROWN
![Page 102: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Nutrition
TYPES OF FATTYPES OF FAT
SubcutaneousSubcutaneous Visceral Visceral
Retroperitoneal Retroperitoneal
Mesenteric Mesenteric
Omental Omental
Thighs Thighs
Scapula Scapula
Triceps Triceps
Costal Costal
![Page 103: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Nutrition
TYPES OF OBESITYTYPES OF OBESITY
Android Android Gynoid Gynoid
Hypogastric Hypogastric Epigastric Epigastric Gluteal Gluteal Femoral Femoral
![Page 104: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Nutrition
WHR > 0.8 WHR > 1.0 Viceral fat
WHR< 0.8 WHR< 1.0
subcutaneous fat
![Page 105: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 106: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Nutrition
General circulation
![Page 107: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Nutrition
ENERGYINTAKE
ENERGYEXPENDITURE
![Page 108: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Nutrition
• Genetic Both parents obese → 70-80% chance Both parents lean → 9% chance Identical twins → same BMIs Complex polygenic disease
• Environmental Energy rich dense foods Sedentary lifestyle
![Page 109: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Nutrition
• Metabolic syndrome Glucose intolerance Insulin resistance Hyperinsulinemia Dyslipidemia (low HDL and elevated VLDL)
• Dyslipidemia
![Page 110: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Nutrition
• Physical activity
• Caloric restriction One lb of adipose = 3500 kcal
• Pharmacological Sibutramine orlistat
• Surgical treatment
![Page 111: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Nutrition
![Page 112: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Nutrition
COOH
n or ∆
1
2
3
4
![Page 113: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Nutrition
COOH
Ω
α
β
γΩ
![Page 114: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Nutrition
COOH
COOH
COOH
1Ω
OLEIC ACID
LINOLEIC ACID
LINOLENIC ACID
![Page 115: Nutrition The basis of healthy living. Nutrition](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081514/5697bf9f1a28abf838c94fd4/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Nutrition