nutritional diets
DESCRIPTION
Nutritional Diets. Food Allergy and Diabetes Diets. Food Allergy - Terminology. Food intolerance or adverse food reactions account for 1 to 6% of all dermatoses in general practice. No immunological reaction Food allergy constitutes 10 to 49% of allergic responses in dogs and cats. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Nutritional Diets
Food Allergy and Diabetes Diets
Food Allergy - Terminology
• Food intolerance or adverse food reactions account for 1 to 6% of all dermatoses in general practice. No immunological reaction
• Food allergy constitutes 10 to 49% of allergic responses in dogs and cats
Food Allergy - MOA
• Food allergy and food hypersensitivity: 3rd after atopy and FAD–Immune mediated• Type I hypersensitivity IgE binds
with the antigen > mast cells to release chemicals• Type III hypersensitivity: GI signs
Food Allergy – Clinical Signs• Canines: – Intense Pruritus (nonseasonal): feet, axillae, inguinal– Alopecia– Lichenification, hyperpigmentation
– Blepharitis– Urticaria– Chronic otitis externa– Peri-ocular dermatitis, Pododermatitis, anal sacculitis– Few have vomiting and diarrhea
HyperpigmentationLichenification:Dff: All chronic and pruritic skin diseases
Food Allergy
Otitis externa
Food Allergy
Food Allergy – Clinical Signs
– Felines– Intense Pruritus (nonseasonal): head and neck– Alopecia– Miliary dermatitis– Ulcerative dermatitis– Many have vomiting and diarrhea
Food Allergy
Food Allergy
Food Allergy
Food Allergy - Allergen• Protein: 18-36,000
Dalton's average molecular weight • Proteins, lipoproteins,
glycoproteins, polypeptides
• Canine: Beef, dairy products, soy, chicken
• Feline: Beef, dairy products, soy, fish
Food Allergy - Diets• Protein: Novel or hydrolyzed– fish, rabbit, lamb, venison
• Carbohydrate: Single easily digestible– rice, potatoes, barley, oats
• Fats– Omega 3 and 6
• Vitamins– A and E
• Minerals– Zn
Food Allergy - Diagnosis• FOOD ELIMINATION TRIAL• The patient is fed a hypoallergenic diet for 60-
90 days. • This allows the body to become desensitized
to the offending allergens. • When the previous diet is fed back to the pet,
an acute hypersensitivity reaction may occur.• This helps to identify that a food was the
source of the allergic signs
Food allergy – Diets availableRoyal Canin •-Hypoallergenic HP – hydrolyzed protein •-Sensitivity RC – novel foods •-Sensitivity LR – novel foods •-Skin Support SS – novel food •-Potato and Duck – novel food •-Potato and Rabbit – novel food •-Potato and Whitefish – novel food •-Potato and Venison – novel food
Hills •-d/d Duck – single novel protein •-d/d Lamb – single novel protein •-d/d Potato and Duck – single novel protein •-d/d Potato and Salmon – single novel protein •-d/d Potato and Venison – single novel protein •-d/d Rice and Egg – single novel protein •-d/d Salmon – single novel protein •-d/d Venison – single novel protein •-z/d low allergen – hydrolyzed protein •-z-d Ultra allergen free – hydrolyzed protein
Food Allergy – Novel Proteins– Novel proteins
• Hills d/d
Fish and Potato
Food Allergy – Novel Proteins
Hydrolyzed chicken
• Z/D: Less than 18,000 dalton
• Ultra z/d: less than 3,000 dalton
Food Allergy – Hydrolyzed Proteins
Food allergy: Challenging
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus - MOA
Diabetes Mellitus
• Definition: Disorder of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism caused by an absolute or relative insulin deficiency
• Type I – Insulin Dependent DM – very low or absent insulin secretory ability
• Type II – Non insulin dependent DM (insulin insensitivity) – inadequate or delayed insulin secretion relative to the needs of the patient– More common in cats
• Signalment: older patients, obese, top 3 disease in older cats
• Clinical signs: polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loose, cataracts – dogs, Plantigrade stance (neuropathy) - cats
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
• Diagnosis– Chemistry screen: hyperglycemia– Urinalysis: glycosuria
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
• Treatment options– Insulin–Oral hypoglycemic
drugs–Dietary
management• Frequent meals
Diabetes Mellitus
• Dietary GOALS– Stabilize blood glucose levels–Minimize postprandial hyperglycemia–Prevent hypoglycemia–Prevent or delay long term effects of the
disease–Achieve and maintain an ideal body
condition
Diabetes Mellitus - Dogs• Carbohydrate–Complex– Fiber: High• Slows digestion, reduces the
post-prandial glucose spike, promotes weight loss, reduces risk of pancreatitis
–Vitamin E–Hill’s R/D or W/D
Diabetes Mellitus - Cats• Protein: high• Carbohydrate: Low–Cats use protein as their primary source of
energy – blood glucose is maintained primarily through liver metabolism of fats and proteins
• Purina DM, Hill’s M/D• Often a diet change in cats can dramatically
reduce or eliminate the need for insulin• this is particularly true for type II
References
•Miss Huff’s personal notes•http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&A=652•http://www.ansc.purdue.edu/swineclass/PDF/Companion%20Animal%20Nutrition_1.pdf•Won-Seok Oh, DVM, PhD, Nutrition and Canine Skin Barrier, World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings, 2011•Case, L. et.al. 2000. 2nd edition. Canine and Feline Nutrition•Dr. Ralf S. Mueller, Dermatology for the Small Animal Practitioner