o level chemistry syllabus - mopse.co.zwmopse.co.zw/sites/default/files/public/syllabus/chemistry...

MINISTRY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

FORMS 3 - 4

2015 - 2022

O LEVEL CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS

ZIMBABWE

Curriculum Development and Technical Services P. O. Box MP 133Mount Pleasant

Harare© All Rights Reserved

2015

Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education wishes to acknowledge the following for their valued

contribution in the production of this syllabus:

• PanellistsforForm3and4Chemistrysyllabus• ZimbabweSchoolExaminationsCouncil(ZIMSEC)• GovernmentDepartments• MinistryofHigherandTertiaryEducation,ScienceandTechnologyDevelopment:• UnitedNationsChildren’sFund(UNICEF)• UnitedNationsEducationalScientificandCulturalOrganisation(UNESCO)

i


ii

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.....................................................................i

CONTENTS...........................................................................................ii

1.0. PREAMBLE....................................................................................1

2.0 PRESENTATION OF THE SYLLABUS....................................1

3.0 AIMS..........................................................................................1

4.0 SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES........................................................2

5.0 METHODOLOGY AND TIME ALLOCATION.............................2

6.0 TOPICS.......................................................................................2

7.0 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE CHART............................................3

FORM 3 SYLLABUS................................................................................6

FORM 4 SYLLABUS...............................................................................20

8.0 ASSESSMENT............................................................................33


1

1.0. PREAMBLE

1.1. Introduction

This two year syllabus is designed to put greater em-phasisontheunderstanding,applicationofchemistryconcepts and principles in an environmental friendly and sustainable manner. It makes learners identify and solve problemspracticallyinascientificmanner.TheForm3and4Chemistrysyllabusisinclusivelymadetocaterforall categories of learners in an increasingly technological world.

1.2. Rationale

Chemistryplaysanimportantroleinthetechnologicaldevelopment of any country since it is embedded in ev-erydaylife.ThestudyofChemistryenableslearnerstobecreativeandinnovativeinsociety,promotingtheapplica-tionofChemistryinindustrialprocessesforvalueaddi-tion,beneficiationofnaturalresourcesandharnessingofavailable opportunities for entrepreneurship.

TheChemistrysyllabusenableslearnerstodevelopthefollowing skills:

• Problemsolving• Criticalthinking• Decisionmaking• Conflictresolution• Self-management• Communication• Psychomotor• Leadership• Enterprise• Technologyandinnovation

1.3. Summary of Content

Form3and4Chemistrysyllabuswillcovertheoryandpracticalactivitiesinthefollowingareas:PhysicalChem-istry,InorganicChemistry,OrganicChemistryandEnvi-ronmentalChemistry

1.4 Assumptions

It is assumed that learner:

• arefamiliarwithlaboratoryapparatus• areawareoflaboratorysafetyprecautions

• havesuccessfullycompletedForm1and2Com-bined Science syllabus

• arecomputerliterateandhaveagoodmathemat-ics background

1.5 Cross- Cutting Themes

TheChemistrylearningareaencompassesthecrosscutting themes listed below:

• Inclusivity• Lifeskills• HIV/AIDS• Teamwork• Foodsecurity• EnterpriseEducation• Environmentalissues• Safetyandhealthissues• Indigenousknowledgesystem• Disasterandriskmanagement

2.0 PRESENTATION OF THE SYLLABUSTheForm3and4Chemistrysyllabusisasingledocu-mentcoveringForms3-4.

3.0 AIMSThe syllabus aims are to:

3.1 appreciatetheusefulnessandlimitationsofthescientificmethods

3.2 inculcateinlearnerstheneedforsafetyandprotection of the environment.

3.3 createopportunitiesforlearnerstoacquireresearch,experimental,practical,enterprisingand technological skills.

3.4enablelearnerstodevelopfundamentalprinci-plesofChemistryforapplicationinlifeandasabasisforfurtherstudiesinChemistryandrelated disciplines.

3.5 stimulateinlearnersthedesiretoapplyChem-istryforthebenefitofsocietyasguidedbytheprinciplesofUnhu/Ubuntu/Vumunhu

3.6 promoteawarenessthattheapplicationsofChemistrymaybebothbeneficialanddetri-mental to the individual and the community.

3.7 develop,inlearnerstheappreciationoftheuseofChemistryinvaluecreation,additionandbeneficiation.


2

4.0 SYLLABUS OBJECTIVESLearnersshouldbeableto:

4.1 followinstructionsinpracticalwork4.2 makeandrecordobservations4.3 useICTtosimulateChemistryphenomena4.4 applysafetymeasuresinallpracticalwork4.5 present,analyseandinterpretdatatoestablish

relationships4.6 demonstrateknowledgeoffacts,laws,defini-

tionsandconceptsinChemistry4.7 measureandexpressquantitiestoagiven

level of accuracy and precision4.8 designapracticalsolutiontoareallifeprob-

lemusingknowledgeofChemistry

5.0 METHODOLOGY AND TIME ALLOCATION

5.1 Methodology

Some of the learner centred and multi-sensory methodol-ogiesusedintheteachingandlearningofChemistryaresuggestedbelow.Theprinciplesofteamwork,concrete-ness,totality,stimulationandself-activityshouldguidethe teachers as they employ the suggested methods:

• models• sitevisits• research• seminars• discovery• simulations• discussions• demonstrations• experimentation

5.2 Time Allocation

Foradequatecoverageofthesyllabus,atimeallocationofeight35-minuteperiodsperweekarerecommended.Doubleperiodstoaccommodatepracticalworkarerec-ommended.

6.0 TOPICS• PhysicalChemistry:

- Laboratorytechniques- Matter- Atoms,ElementsandCompounds- Chemicalbonding

- The Mole concept - Stoichiometry - Acids,BasesandSalts- Electrochemistry- Chemicalenergetics- Equilibria- Reaction kinetics

• InorganicChemistry:

- Periodic table- Metals - Nonmetals

• OrganicChemistry:

- Fuels- Classificationandnamingoforganiccompounds- Hydrocarbons- Alcoholsandcarboxylicacids- Polymers• EnvironmentalChemistry- Waste management- Pollution - Waterpurification- Herbs


3

7.0

SCO

PE A

ND

SEQ

UEN

CE

CH

AR

T

FOR

M 3

AN

D F

OR

M 4

1 7.

0 .0

SCO

PE A

ND

SEQ

UEN

CE

CH

ART

FO

RM 3

AN

D F

OR

M 4

TO

PIC

FORM

3

FORM

4

7.1.

0 PH

YSIC

AL C

HEM

ISTR

Y:

7.1.1Laboratorytechniques

M

easu

ring

Inst

rum

ents

Separationtechniques

-Filtration

-Distillation

-Crystallisation

-Pap

er a

nd th

in la

yer c

hrom

atog

raph

y

Volum

etricanalysis

Se

parationtechniques

Qua

litat

ive

anal

ysis

7.1.2M

atte

r

Stat

es o

f mat

ter

Heatingandco

olin

g cu

rves

2.1.3Atoms,ElementsandCom

pounds

At

omic

stru

ctur

e

Elem

ents

and

com

poun

ds

7.1.4Chemicalbonding

Covalentbonding

Ioni

c bo

ndin

g

Met

allic

bon

ding

7.1.5

The

Mol

e co

ncep

t

Mol

e co

ncep

t

Perc

enta

ge c

ompo

sitio

ns

-Em

piric

al a

nd m

olec

ular

form

ulae

Mol

ar

gas

volu

me

7.1.6S

toic

hiom

etry

Chemica

lequations

Perc

enta

ge y

ield

and

pur

ity

7.1.7Acids,B

asesandSalts

Prop

ertie

s of

aci

ds a

nd b

ases

Prep

arat

ion

of s

alts

7.1.8E

lect

roch

emis

try

Redox

rea

ctio

ns

Cellsandbatteries

El

ectro

lysis

of a

cidi

fied

wat

er

Redoxre

actions

Elec

troly

tic p

urifi

catio

n of

cop

per a

nd

alum

iniu

m

7.1.9Chemicalenergetics

En

dothermicandexothermicreactions

Ener

gy p

rofile

dia

gram

s

Enth

alpy

cha

nges


4

7.0

SCO

PE A

ND

SEQ

UEN

CE

CH

AR

T

7.2.

0 IN

OR

GA

NIC

CH

EMIS

TRY

7.3.

0 O

RG

AN

IC C

HEM

ISTR

Y

FOR

M 3

AN

D F

OR

M 4

2 7.1.10E

quilib

ria

R

ever

sibl

e re

actio

n

Dynam

icEq

uilibria

-Haberprocess

-Conta

ct p

roce

ss

-Ostwal

d pr

oces

s

Pr

oduc

tion

of fe

rtilis

ers

7.1.11R

eact

ion

kine

tics

R

ates

of r

eact

ion

Factorsaffectingratesofreaction

In

dust

rial a

pplic

atio

ns

3 7.

2.0

INO

RG

ANIC

CH

EMIS

TRY

7.2.1P

erio

dic

tabl

e

Perio

dic

trend

s

Gro

up tr

ends

Tran

sitio

n el

emen

ts

7.2.2M

etal

s an

d no

n-m

etal

s

Prop

ertie

s of

met

als

and

non-

met

als

R

eact

ivity

ser

ies

Limeinagricultureandconstruction

Com

positionofmineralores

Ex

tractionofmetals

Pr

oces

sing

of d

iam

ond

and

coal

Liquefactionandfra

ctio

nal d

istil

latio

n of

air

4 7.

3.0

OR

GAN

IC C

HEM

ISTR

Y 7.3.1Fuels

Type

s of

fuel

s

Prod

uctio

n of

fuel

s

Fuelefficiency

7.3.2ClassificationandNom

enclatureoforganic

com

poun

ds

Hom

ologousseries

- hy

droc

arbo

ns

- al

coho

ls

- carboxylicacid

s

Is

omer

ism

7.3.3Hydrocarbons

Alka

nes

and

alke

nes

7.3.4A

lcoh

ols

Ferm

entation

Pr

oper

ties

of e

than

ol

7.3.5Carboxylicacids

Chemistryofcarboxylicacids

7.3.6P

olym

ers

Synt

hetic

pol

ymer

s

Naturalpolym

ers


5

7.4.

0 E

NVI

RO

NM

ENTA

L C

HEM

ISTR

Y

5 7.

4.0

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TAL

CH

EMIS

TRY

7.4.1W

aste

man

agem

ent

Classificationofwaste

Effe

cts

of w

aste

on

the

envir

onm

ent

W

aste

dis

posa

l met

hods

7.4.2P

ollu

tion

Sour

ces

of p

ollu

tant

s

7.4.3W

ater

pur

ifica

tion

quality

of w

ater

from

diff

eren

t sou

rces

Purif

icat

ion

of w

ater

7.4.4Herbs

Herbs

in h

ealth

and

agr

icul

ture


6

8.0

CO

MPE

TEN

CY

MAT

RIX

FOR

M 3

SYL

LAB

US

8.1.

0 P

HYS

ICA

L C

HEM

ISTR

Y

8.1.

1 LA

BO

RAT

ORY

TEC

HN

IQU

ES

6 FO

RM 3

SYL

LAB

US

8.0.

0 C

OM

PETE

NC

Y M

ATR

IX

8.1.

0 PH

YSIC

AL C

HEM

ISTR

Y 8.

1.1

LAB

OR

ATO

RY

TEC

HN

IQU

ES

TOPI

C

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

: C

ON

TEN

T (A

TTIT

UD

ES,

SKIL

LS A

ND

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SU

GG

ESTE

D A

CTI

VITI

ES

AND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.1.2M

easu

ring

Inst

rum

ents

id

entif

y su

itabl

e ap

para

tus

used

in

mea

sure

men

t of

- tim

e -

tem

pera

ture

-

mas

s -

volu

me

-

dist

ance

use

mea

surin

g ap

para

tus

corre

ctly

.

Ap

para

tus

for

mea

surin

g:

- th

erm

omet

er

- balance,

- burettes,

-

pipettes,

-

mea

surin

g

cyl

inde

rs

- ga

s sy

ringe

s -

stop

wat

ch

M

easu

rem

ent o

f: -

time

- te

mpe

ratu

re

- m

ass

- vo

lum

e

Nam

ingapparatus

used

in

measurementoftime,

temperature, m

ass,

vol

ume, d

ista

nce

Taki

ng m

easu

rem

ents

of

temperature, m

ass,

volume, d

ista

nce,time

Sc

ienc

e Ki

t

8.1.3Separationtechniques

id

entif

y di

ffere

nt

met

hods

of s

epar

atin

g mixtures

Su

gges

t sui

tabl

e se

para

tion techniques,

give

n th

e na

ture

of t

he

M

etho

ds o

f sep

arat

ion

such

as:

-

filtra

tion

- distilla

tion,

-

crystallization,

-

evap

orat

ion,

- pa

per a

nd th

in la

yer

Discussingonmethodsof

separatingmixtures

Mak

ing

sand

filte

rs

Experim

entin

g on

se

para

tingmixtures

Cheesecloth

Sc

ienc

e Ki

t

Thin

laye

r chr

omat

ogra

m

7

mixture

. ch

rom

atog

raph

y


7

8.2.

0 MAT

TER

TOPI

CO

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

,

SKIL

LS A

ND

KN

OW

L-

EDG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

-

ES

8.3.1Atom

icStructure

•describethesub-atomicparti-

cles

of a

n at

om•A

tomicStructure

- Pro

tons

- Ele

ctro

ns-N

eutrons

•Drawingdiagramstoillustrate

stru

ctur

e of

ato

ms

•Atomicmodels

8 8.

2.0

MAT

TER

TO

PIC

O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

NO

TES

AND

AC

TIVI

TIES

SU

GG

ESTE

D

RES

OU

RC

ES

Mat

ter

st

ate

the

thre

e st

ates

of

m

atte

r

explainthestatesof

mat

ter u

sing

the

kine

tic th

eory

.

explaintheinter-

conv

ersi

on o

f sta

tes

in te

rms

of e

nerg

y an

d ar

rang

emen

t of

parti

cles

describeandexplain

diffu

sion

St

ates

of m

atte

r

Ki

netic

theo

ry

Changeofstatesof

mat

ter

Diffusionofmatter

Discussingstatesof

mat

ter

Ex

perim

entingonthe

chan

ges

of s

tate

s of

m

atte

r

Drawinganddescribing

arra

ngem

ent o

f par

ticle

s in

solids,liquidsandgases

Dem

onstratingdiffusion

usingperfu

me,ammonia

andHydrochloricacid,

pota

ssiu

m p

erm

anga

nate

N

B: u

se o

f Bro

min

e m

ust b

e do

ne in

a fu

me

cupb

oard

si

nce

it is

toxi

c

Ic

e

Sc

ienc

e Ki

t

8.3.

0 ATO

MS,

ELE

MEN

TS A

ND

CO

MPO

UN

DS


8

TOPI

CO

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

,

SKIL

LS A

ND

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.3.2Elem

ents

•representelementsusing

chem

ical

sym

bols

•useandinterpretnuclide

nota

tion

•deducetheelectronicconfig-

urat

ion

of a

n el

emen

t fro

m

give

n da

ta

•explaintheconceptofan

isot

ope

•Elements

•AtomicNum

ber

•MassNum

ber

•Nuclidenotation

•Electronicconfigurationofthe

first20elem

ents

•Isotopes

•Representingelem

entsusing

chem

ical

sym

bols

and

nuc

lide

nota

tion

•Calculatingnumberofprotons,

elec

trons

and

neu

trons

from

m

ass

num

bers

and

ato

mic

num

-be

rs•D

rawingelectronicstructuresof

elem

ents

usi

ng d

ots

and

cros

ses

•periodictables

•modelsofelements

•textbooks

•ICTtools

•Mouldingclay/plasticine

8.3.3Chemical

bond

ing

•describetheformationof

ioni

c bo

nds

betw

een

met

als

and

a no

n-m

etal

s

•describetheformationofa

cova

lent

bon

d •

deducechemicalformulaof

a co

mpo

und

from

dot

and

cr

oss

diag

ram

s •

Differentiateionicfromcova-

lent

com

poun

ds.

•describemetallicbondingas

a la

ttice

of p

ositi

ve io

ns in

a

‘seaofdelocalisedelectrons’

•relatethephysicalproperties

of m

etal

s to

met

allic

bon

ding

•ValenceTheory

•Ionicbonding

•covalentbond

•Propertiesofionicandcova

-le

nt c

ompo

unds

•metallicbonding

•refertoPropertiesofMetals

•Drawingdotandcrossdiagram

sto

sho

w io

nic

and

cova

lent

bon

d-in

g in

the

follo

win

g:-

NaC

l,MgO

,Al2O3,

-H2;Cl2;O

2;HCl;N2;,

H2O

;CH4,CO2,NH3,

•Constructingmodelstorepresent

com

poun

ds

•Experim

entingon:

- m

eltin

g po

ints

- bo

iling

poin

ts-

elec

trica

l con

duct

ivity

- so

lubi

lity

•discussingmetallicbonding

•simulations

•draw

ingmetallicbondmodel

•Textbooks

•Molecularmodels

•Sciencekits

•So

dium

chloride

•Candlewax

•Bu

rner

•Circuitboards

•Water

•ICTtoolsandBraille/Jaw

sso

ftwar

e•

Textbooks

8.3

ATO

MS,

ELE

MEN

TS A

ND

CO

MPO

UN

DS

CO

NTD

..


9

8.4.

0 TH

E M

OLE

CO

NC

EPT

8.5

STO

ICH

IOM

ETRY

11

8.4.

0 TH

E M

OLE

CO

NC

EPT

TOPI

C

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

: C

ON

TEN

T (A

TTIT

UD

ES,

SKIL

LS A

ND

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SU

GG

ESTE

D N

OTE

S AN

D

ACTI

VITI

ES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.4.1

Mol

e

Conce

pt

de

scrib

e th

e m

ole

conc

ept

M

ole

R

elat

ive

atom

ic m

ass

R

elat

ive

mol

ecul

ar m

ass

Concentrationof

solu

tions

m

olar

mas

s

Calculating:

- m

oles

from

mas

s

- m

ass

from

mol

es

- re

lativ

e m

olec

ular

m

asse

s

- co

ncen

tratio

n

pe

riodi

c ta

ble

Ba

lanc

e

Sc

ienc

e ki

t

12

8.5.

0 ST

OIC

HIO

MET

RY

TOPI

C

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

: C

ON

TEN

T (A

TTIT

UD

ES,

SKIL

LS A

ND

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SU

GG

ESTE

D N

OTE

S AN

D

ACTI

VITI

ES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.5.1ChemicalEquations

Writ

e ba

lanc

ed c

hem

ical

equations

Calculatequantitiesof

prod

ucts

giv

en th

e quantitiesofre

actantsand

vice

ver

sa

Determinelim

iting

reag

ents

from

giv

en d

ata

Ba

lanc

ing

chem

ical

equations

Mas

ses

and

volu

mes

of

reac

tant

s an

d pr

oduc

ts

Limitingre

agents

W

ritin

g ba

lanc

ed c

hem

ical

equations

Ex

perim

entingwith

neutralisation,

prec

ipita

tion

and

deco

mpo

sitio

n re

actio

ns

Calculatingquantities

from

giv

en d

ata

Sc

ienc

e ki

ts


10

8.6

AC

IDS,

BA

SES

AN

D S

ALT

S

TOPI

CO

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

,

SKIL

LS A

ND

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.6.1Properties

of A

cids

and

Ba

ses

•Identifypropertiesofacidsand

base

s

•classifyoxidesasacidic,basic

or a

mph

oter

ic

•Acids,bases,pHscale,ac-

id-b

ase

indi

cato

rs

•Calcium

oxide,sodiumoxide,

alum

iniumoxide,sulphur

trioxide,carbondioxide,

nitrogendioxide

•Experimentingtoidentifyacidic

and

basi

c su

bsta

nces

•Describingpropertiesofacids

and

base

s

•Sciencekit

•ICTtools

•acid-baseindicators

•vinegar

•lem

ons

•toothpaste

•ash

•householddetergents

8.6.2Preparationof

salts

•describethemethodsofpre

-pa

ring

salts

•methodsofpreparingsalts

- neu

tralis

atio

n- d

ispl

acem

ent

- pre

cipi

tatio

n

•preparingsaltsbyreactingacids

withalkalis,carbonates,metals,

metaloxides

•preparingsaltsbyprecipitation

and

disp

lace

men

t rea

ctio

ns

•Sciencekits


s

softw

are


11

8.7

ELEC

TRO

CH

EMIS

TRY

TOPI

CO

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

,

SKIL

LS A

ND

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.7.1Redoxreac

-tio

ns•d

efineoxidationandreduction

in te

rms

of e

lect

ron

trans

fer

andchangesinoxidation

num

ber

•identifyoxidisingandreducing

agen

ts

•Redoxreactions

•Discussingredoxreactions

•Observingredoxreactions

•Describingredoxreactions

•S

ciencekits

I•C

TtoolsandBraille/Jaw

sso

ftwar

e

8.7.2Cellsand

batte

ries

•identifythecompositionofa

sim

ple

cell

•describetheelectrodereac

-tio

ns in

a s

impl

e ce

ll•d

escribethecompositionand

mai

nten

ance

of a

lead

- aci

d ba

tterie

s

•Cells

•Batteries

- Ele

ctro

lyte

-Ele

ctro

des

•Describingthecompositionofa

sim

ple

cell

•ConstructingofZinc/Coppercell

•Examiningacarbattery

•Sciencekits

•Lem

on/diluteacids

•Torchbilbs

•Carbattery

8.7.3Electrolysis

ofacidifiedwater

•describetheelectrolysisof

acidifiedwater

•identifytheproductsofelec-

troly

sis

of w

ater

and

thei

r us

es

•deducetheformulaofwater

from

the

ratio

of v

olum

es o

f pr

oduc

ts

•Electrolysisofacidifiedwater

•Usesofhydrogenandoxygen

•Formulaforw

ater

•Constructingelectrolyticcell

•Discussingelectrodereactions

•Testingforhydrogenandoxygen

gase

s

•Calculatingvolumeratiosofgases

•Sciencekit


12

8.8

CH

EMIC

AL

ENER

GET

ICS

15

8.8.

0 C

HEM

ICAL

EN

ERG

ETIC

S TO

PIC

O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.8.1E

ndot

herm

ic an

d Exothermicreactions

de

scrib

e en

doth

erm

ic a

nd

exotherm

ic re

actio

ns in

te

rms

of b

ond

form

atio

n an

d bo

nd b

reak

ing

di

ffere

ntia

te b

etw

een

endo

ther

mic

and

exotherm

icre

actions

En

doth

erm

ic a

nd

exotherm

icre

actions

Bu

rnin

g of

fuel

s

e.g.

eth

anol,sugar,saw

dust,m

ealie

-mea

l

Dis

solv

ing

was

hing

po

wde

rs in

wat

er

R

eact

ing

aci

ds a

nd

base

s

Dissolvingam

monium

nitra

te/fertiliser,s

odiu

m

hydroxide,potassi

um

iodide,copper(II)

sulp

hate

plu

s zi

nc p

owde

r in

wat

er

N.B

. sod

ium

hyd

roxi

de

is c

orro

sive

, so

mus

t be

hand

led

with

car

e

W

ashi

ng p

owde

r

Scie

nce

kit

Su

gar

Sa

w d

ust

M

ealie

-mea

l

8.8.2E

nerg

y pr

ofile

dia

gram

s

dr

aw e

nerg

y pr

ofile

di

agra

ms

to re

pres

ent

endo

ther

mic

and

exotherm

icre

actions

inte

rpre

t ene

rgy

prof

ile

diag

ram

s

En

ergy

pro

file

diag

ram

s

Dra

win

g en

ergy

pr

ofile

dia

gram

s

Anal

ysin

g en

ergy

pr

ofile

dia

gram

s

ICTTo

olsand

Braille/Jaw

ssoftw

are

8.8.2Energyprofilediagram

s•

draw

energyprofiledia

-gr

ams

to re

pres

ent e

ndo-

thermicandexothermic

reac

tions

•interpretenergyprofiledia

-gr

ams

•En

ergyprofilediagrams

•Drawingenergyprofile

diag

ram

s•

Analysingenergyprofile

diag

ram

s

•ICTToolsandBraille/Jaw

sso

ftwar

e


13

8.9

EQU

ILIB

RIA

16

8.9.

0 EQ

UIL

IBR

IA

TOPI

C

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.9.1R

ever

sibl

e re

actio

ns

explain

the

term

re

vers

ible

reac

tion

us

e th

e re

vers

ible

sig

n inequations

(

an

alys

e re

vers

ible

re

actio

ns

pr

edic

t the

effe

ct o

f ch

ange

of c

ondi

tions

of

reve

rsib

le re

actio

ns a

t equilibrium

R

ever

sibl

e re

actio

ns

Dippinglitmus

pap

er in

ac

id a

nd in

bas

e

Experim

entingonthe

chro

mat

e (VI)/

dich

rom

ate (VI)

conv

ersi

ons

in d

ilute

ac

ids

and

base

s

Sc

ienc

e ki

t

8.9.2Dynam

icequilibrium

explaintheterm

dy

nam

ic equilib

rium

dynamicequilib

rium

Experim

entingonthe

subl

imat

ion

of io

dine

in

a se

aled

tube

Io

dine

Seal

ed tu

be

W

ater

bat

h

8.9.3Haberprocess

de

scrib

e th

e pr

oduc

tion

of ra

w m

ater

ials

for t

he

Haberprocess(n

itrogen

andhydrogen)

explain

the

cond

ition

s fo

r the

Haberprocess

stat

e th

e us

es o

f am

mon

ia

ob

serv

e sa

fety

dur

ing

site

vis

its

Haberprocess

(re

fer t

o el

ectro

lysi

s of

water,liquefactionand

fract

iona

l dis

tilla

tion

of

air)

Usesofammonia

Safe

ty

Discussingthe

prod

uctio

n of

am

mon

ia

Visitingsitese.g.Sable

Chemicals

M

akin

g m

odel

s of

the

Haberprocess

pla

nt

Discussingtheusesof

amm

onia

Discussingpossible

haza

rds

of a

mm

onia

pr

oduc

tion

Discussing

envi

ronm

enta

l im

pact

s

Flow

charts

Mod

els

Prot

ectiv

e cl

othi

ng

Chartwithdanger

war

ning

sig

ns

Am

mon

ium

nitr

ate

ferti

liser

Household

dete

rgen

ts

8.9.3Haberprocess

•describetheproductionof

rawmaterialsfortheHaber

process(nitrogenand

hydrogen)

•explaintheconditionsfor

theHaberprocess

•statetheusesofammonia

•observesafetyduringsite

visi

ts

•describeenvironm

ental

impa

cts

of a

mm

onia

pro

-du

ctio

n

•Haberprocess

(refertoelectrolysisofwater,

liquefactionandfractional

distilla

tionofair)

•Usesofammonia

•Sa

fety

•Impactsofammoniaproduc-

tion

on th

e en

viro

nmen

t

•Discussingtheproduction

of a

mm

onia

•Visitingsitese.g.Sable

Chemicals

•Makingmodelsofthe

Haberprocessplant

•Discussingtheusesof

amm

onia

•Discussingpossiblehaz

-ar

ds o

f am

mon

ia p

rodu

c-tio

n•

Discussingenvironm

en-

tal i

mpa

cts

of a

mm

onia

pr

oduc

tion

•Flow

charts

•Models

•Protectiveclothing

•Chartwithdangerw

arning

sign

s•

Ammoniumnitratefertiliser

•Householddetergents


14

7.9

EQU

ILIB

RIA

CO

NTD

..

TOPI

CO

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

,

SKIL

LS A

ND

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

RE-

SOU

RC

ES

Contactprocess

•identifysourcesofraw

mat

eria

ls fo

r the

con

tact

pr

oces

s•

explaintheconditionsfor

the

cont

act p

roce

ss•

describethecontactpro

-ce

ss•

statetheusesofsulphuric

acid

•describeenvironm

ental

impa

cts

of s

ulph

uric

aci

d pr

oduc

tion

•So

urcesofrawmaterials

(refertoproductionofcop

-per,ironandcoal)

•Contactprocess

•Usesofsulphuricacid

•Impactsofsulphuricacid

prod

uctio

n on

the

envi

ron-

men

t

•Discussingtheproductionofsulphuric

acid

•Visitingsitese.g.Zimphos

•Makingmodelsoftheplant

•Discussingtheusesofsulphuricacid

•Discussingpossiblehazardsofsul

-ph

uric

aci

d pr

oduc

tion

•Discussingenvironm

entalimpactsof

sulp

huric

aci

d pr

oduc

tion

•Flow

charts

•Models


•Chartwithdangerw

arn-

ing

sign

s•

Ammoniumsulphate

ferti

liser

•Householddetergents

Ostwaldprocess

•identifysourcesofraw

materialsfortheOstwald

proc

ess

•explaintheconditionsfor

theOsw

aldprocess

•describetheOstwaldpro-

cess

•statetheusesofnitricacid

•describeenvironm

ental

impa

cts

of n

itric

aci

d pr

o-du

ctio

n

•So

urcesofrawmaterials

(refertoHaberprocess)

•Osw

aldprocess

•Usesofnitricacid

•Impactsofnitricacid

p

rodu

ctio

n on

the

envi

ron-

men

t

•Discussingtheproductionofnitricacid

•Visitingsitese.gSa

bleChemicals

•Makingmodelsoftheplant

•Discussingtheusesofnitricacid

•Discussingpossiblehazardsofnitric

acid

pro

duct

ion

•Discussingenvironm

entalimpactsof

nitri

c ac

id p

rodu

ctio

n

•Flow

charts

•Models


•Chartswithdanger

war

ning

sig

ns•

Ammoniumnitratefer-

tilis

er•

Picturesofexplosives

•Resourcepersons


15

8.10

R

EAC

TIO

N K

INET

ICS

8.11

.0 IN

OR

GA

NIC

CH

EMIS

TRY

8.11

.1 P

ERIO

DIC

TA

BLE

TOPI

CO

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

,

SKIL

LS A

ND

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

RE-

SOU

RC

ES

8.10.0Rateofreac

-tio

ns•

describemethodsofm

easur-

ing

reac

tion

rate

s•

deducefrom

graphstherate

of re

actio

n •

calculatereactionratesfrom

give

n in

form

atio

n

•Rateofreactionssuchas

changesinvolum

e,mass,

colo

ur w

ith ti

me

•Measuringrateofreactionse.g.using

magnesium

andhydrochloricacid,

sodi

um th

iosu

lpha

te a

nd h

ydro

chlo

ric

acid/sulphuricacid

•Sciencekit

•ICTtoolsandBraille/

Jawssoftw

are

8.10.2Factors

affe

ctin

g ra

te

of re

actio

ns

•describefactorsaffecting

rate

of r

eact

ions

•Factorsaffectingrateof

reac

tions

- Te

mpe

ratu

re-

Concentration

- Su

rface

are

a-

Catalyst

- Pr

essu

re

- St

irrin

g

•Experim

entingonfactorsaffectingrate

of re

actio

n•

Sciencekit

•potato/liver

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:C

ON

TEN

T(A

ttitu

des,

Ski

lls a

nd K

now

l-ed

ge)

SUG

GES

TED

NO

TES

AN

D A

CTI

VITI

ESSU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

C-

ES

8.11.2P

eriodic

trend

s•

describethechangefrom

m

etal

lic to

non

-met

allic

cha

r-ac

ter

acro

ss a

per

iod

•explaintherelationship

betw

een

num

ber o

f ele

ctro

n sh

ells

and

the

perio

d

•Pe

riodictrends(re

ferto

electronicconfiguration)

•An

alysingtheperiodictable

•Makingamodeloftheperiodictable

•Perio

dictables


16

8.11

.1 P

ERIO

DIC

TA

BLE

CO

NTD

..

8.12

.0 M

ETA

LS A

ND

NO

N- M

ETA

LS

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:C

ON

TEN

T(A

ttitu

des,

Ski

lls a

nd

Kno

wle

dge)

SUG

GES

TED

NO

TES

AN

D A

CTI

VITI

ESSU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.11.3G

rouptrends

(groupIIandVII)

•describetherelationship

betw

een

grou

p nu

mbe

r and

nu

mbe

r of v

alen

ce e

lect

rons

•describethereactionsof

magnesium

,calcium

and

bariumwithoxygenand

wat

er

•describethetrendsinthe

phys

ical

and

che

mic

al

propertiesofgroup(V

II)

elem

ents

•Grouptrends(referto

electronicconfiguration)

•Reactivityofgroup(II)

elem

ents

•Trendsinphysical

propertiesofgroup(V

II)

elem

ents

-Colour

- Ph

ysic

al s

tate

-Volatility

•An

alysingtheperiodictable

•Experim

entingonreactionofcalcium

an

d m

agne

sium

ribb

on w

ith c

old

wat

er•

Discussing/simulatingthereactionsof

group(II)elements

•Discussing/simulatingthereactionsof

group(VII)elements

NB:Experimentsinvolvingpurebromine

shou

ld b

e do

ne in

a fu

me

cupb

oard

si

nce

it is

poi

sono

us

•Pe

riodictables

•Sciencekit


sso

ftwar

e

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:C

ON

TEN

T(A

ttitu

des,

Ski

lls a

nd

Kno

wle

dge)

SUG

GES

TED

NO

TES

AN

D A

CTI

VITI

ESSU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.12.1P

hysicalproper-

ties

of m

etal

s an

d no

n-m

etal

s

•comparethephysical

prop

ertie

s of

met

als

and

non-

met

als

•Explainthedifferencesin

the

phys

ical

pro

perti

es o

f m

etal

s an

d no

n-m

etal

s

•Ph

ysicalproperties

- M

alle

abilit

y-

Ductility

-Conductivity(ther-

malandelectrical)

- M

eltin

g an

d bo

iling

poin

ts-

Density

-Lustre

•Collectingandclassifyingmaterialsas

met

als

or n

on-m

etal

s•

Com

paringthephysicalpropertiesof

met

als

and

non-

met

als

•Sa

mplesofm

etalsand

non-

met

als


17

8.12

.0 M

ETA

LS A

ND

NO

N- M

ETA

LS C

ON

TD..

8.13

.1 F

UEL

S

8.13

.0 O

RG

AN

IC C

HEM

ISTR

Y

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:C

ON

TEN

T(A

ttitu

des,

Ski

lls a

nd

Kno

wle

dge)

SUG

GES

TED

NO

TES

AN

D A

CTI

VITI

ESSU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.12.2R

eactivityseries

•demonstratepracticallythe

reac

tivity

of m

etal

s•

arrangeelem

entsinorderof

reac

tivity

•usethereactivityseries

toexplainelectroplating,

elec

troly

tic c

ells

and

met

al

extraction

•Reactivityseries

•Displacem

entreac-

tions(refertoelec-

troch

emis

try a

nd

metalextraction)

•Listingofelementsinorderofreactivity

•Experim

entingonreactionsofm

etals

with

wat

er a

nd d

ilute

aci

ds

•Reactingzincandcopper(II)sulphate

solu

tion

•Com

paringthevoltagesofdifferent

com

bina

tions

of e

lem

ents

in a

sim

ple

cell

NB:potassium

,sodiumandcalcium

shouldbeusedinverysm

allquantities

and

neve

r to

be u

sed

with

aci

ds

•Sciencekit

Limeinagricultureand

cons

truct

ion

•describetheproductionof

calciumoxide(lime)from

calciumcarbonate(lime-

stone)

•explaintheuseofcalcium

oxideinagricultureand

cons

truct

ion

•LimeinAgriculture

and

cons

truct

ion

•Dem

onstratingLimeasabase

•Reactinglim

ewithdiluteacids

•Sciencekit

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:C

ON

TEN

T(A

ttitu

des,

Ski

lls a

nd

Kno

wle

dge)

SUG

GES

TED

NO

TES

AN

D A

CTI

VITI

ESSU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.13.2Typesoffuels

•classifyfuelsaccordingto

thei

r phy

sica

l sta

tes

•Classificationof

fuel

s-

Solid

fuel

s

•DiscussingtheClassificationoffuels

•Wood

•Charcoal

•Ethanol


18

8.13

FU

ELS

CO

NTD

..

8.14

.0 C

LASS

IFIC

ATIO

N A

ND

NO

MEN

CLA

TUR

E O

F O

RG

AN

IC C

OM

POU

ND

S

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:C

ON

TEN

T(A

ttitu

des,

Ski

lls a

nd K

now

l-ed

ge)

SUG

GES

TED

NO

TES

AN

D

AC

TIVI

TIES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.13.2Typesoffuels

-Liquidfuels

-Gaseousfuels

•Diesel

•Pe

trol

•Biogas

•Coal

•Coke

•Biodiesel

8.13.3P

roductionoffuels

•describetheprocessof

ferm

enta

tion

•outlinethefractionaldistilla

-tio

n of

cru

de o

il

•describethedestructive

dist

illatio

n of

coa

l and

woo

d•

describetheproductionof

biodieselfromJatrophaoil

•Fermentation

•Fractionaldistillationof

petro

leum

•Destructivedistilla

tionof

coal

and

woo

d•

Biodieselproduction

•Experim

entingonpro

-du

ctio

n of

fuel

s by

:-

ferm

enta

tion

of c

arbo

hy-

drat

es-

dest

ruct

ive

dist

illatio

n of

coal/w

ood

•Visitingsitese.g.Green

Fuels,MutokoJatropha

plan

t

•Modelsofbiogas

•Digester

•Sciencekit

•ICTTools/Braille

/Jaw

ssoft-

war

e

24

8.14

.0

CLA

SSIF

ICAT

ION

AN

D N

OM

ENC

LATU

RE

OF

OR

GAN

IC C

OM

POU

ND

S

TOPI

C

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

: C

ON

TEN

T (A

TTIT

UD

ES,

SKIL

LS A

ND

K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.14.1H

omologousseries

de

fine

the

term

ho

mol

ogou

s se

ries

nam

e sy

stem

atic

ally

or

gani

c co

mpo

unds

cl

assi

fy o

rgan

ic

com

poun

ds a

s hydrocarbons,

alco

hols

and

ca

rboxylicacidsupto

sixcarbonatoms

ho

mol

ogou

s se

ries

- hy

droc

arbo

ns

- al

coho

ls

- carboxylicacids

M

akin

g m

olec

ular

modelsuptosixcarbon

atom

s

Drawingstructuresof

orga

nic

mol

ecul

es u

p to

sixcarbonatoms

Si

mul

atio

ns o

f

or

gani

c m

olec

ules

Pl

astic

ine

M

olec

ular

mod

el k

its

Mod

els

of o

rgan

ic

mol

ecul

es

ICTTo

ols/BrailleJaw

sso

ftwar

e


19

8.15

EN

VIR

ON

MEN

TAL

CH

EMIS

TRY

8.15

.1 W

AST

E M

AN

AG

EMEN

T

8.16

.0 W

ATER

PU

RIF

ICAT

ION

25

8.15

.0 E

NVI

RO

NM

ENTA

L C

HEM

ISTR

Y 8.

15.1

W

ASTE

MAN

AGEM

ENT

TOPI

C

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

: C

ON

TEN

T (A

TTIT

UD

ES,

SKIL

LS A

ND

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SU

GG

ESTE

D A

CTI

VITI

ES

AND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.15.2C

lassificationofwaste

iden

tify

solid,liquid

and

gase

ous

was

te

id

entif

y bi

odeg

rada

ble

and

non-

biod

egra

dabl

e w

aste

iden

tify

the

diffe

rent

so

urce

s of

was

te

desc

ribe

met

hods

of

iden

tifyi

ng w

aste

s fro

m in

dust

ries

sugg

est w

ays

of

cont

rollin

g w

aste

Classificationof

was

te

Householdand

indu

stria

l was

te s

uch

as:

- Fo

odleftovers

- W

aste

gas

es

- go

ld p

roce

ssin

g -

oils

from

soa

p m

akin

g

- ty

re in

dust

ries

- du

st fr

om c

emen

t in

dust

ry

M

etho

ds o

f co

ntro

lling

was

tes

Discussing

and

clas

sify

ing

was

te

mat

eria

l

Discussingsources

of w

aste

mat

eria

l

Visitingsites

Burn

ing

of p

aper

s andanexplanation

on o

bser

vabl

e ch

ange

s

R

efus

e fro

m s

hops

an

d re

side

ntia

l are

as

In

dust

rial w

aste

s

Envi

ronm

enta

l pol

icie

s an

d Ac

ts

Pi

ctur

es a

nd fi

lms

R

esou

rce

pers

ons

8.15.3E

ffect

of w

aste

on

the

envir

onm

ent

de

scrib

e th

e ef

fect

s of

w

aste

on

the

envi

ronm

ent

Eu

troph

icat

ion

Ac

id ra

in

Globalw

arming

Healtheffects

Ozonelayer

depl

etio

n

Visitingsites

R

esea

rchi

ng a

nd

disc

ussi

ng th

e ef

fect

s

Casestudies

M

agaz

ine

artic

les

R

esou

rce

pers

ons

ICTtoolsand

Braille/Jaw

ssoftw

are

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:C

ON

TEN

T(A

ttitu

des,

Ski

lls a

nd K

now

l-ed

ge)

SUG

GES

TED

NO

TES

AN

D

AC

TIVI

TIES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.16.1C

ompositionofwater

from

diff

eren

t sou

rces

•describethecompositionof

wat

er fr

om d

iffer

ent s

ourc

es•

Com

positionofwaterfrom

di

ffere

nt s

ourc

es s

uch

as

dam,borehole,riverand

•Colletingwatersam

ples

from

diff

eren

t sou

rces

an

d an

alys

ing

•Watersam

ples

•pH

meter


20

FOR

M 4

SYL

LAB

US

8.17

.0 F

OR

M 4

SYL

LAB

US

8.17

.1 L

AB

OR

ATO

RY T

ECH

NIQ

UES

8.16

.0 W

ATER

PU

RIF

ICAT

ION

CO

NTD

..

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:C

ON

TEN

T(A

ttitu

des,

Ski

lls a

nd K

now

l-ed

ge)

SUG

GES

TED

NO

TES

AN

D

AC

TIVI

TIES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

ES

•distinguishbetweenhard

and

soft

wat

er

•describetheeffectsofhard

wat

er

and

rain

•hardandsoftw

ater

•effectsofhardwateron:

boilers,electricjug,gey

-sers,w

aterpipes,solubility

of s

oap

following:colour,sm

ell

andpH

•testingforhardnessof

waterusingfoam

,boiling

wat

er a

nd a

naly

sing

the

resi

due

•desaltingusinganacid/

vinegar,lemonjuice

•burners

•matches

•sciencekit

•heatingelem

ents

•soap

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:C

ON

TEN

T(A

ttitu

des,

Ski

lls a

nd K

now

l-ed

ge)

SUG

GES

TED

NO

TES

AN

D

AC

TIVI

TIES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.17.2VolumetricAnalysis

•carryouttitrationexperi-

men

ts•

completetitrationtables

•calculatemolesandconcen-

tratio

n fro

m ti

tres

•Acid-basetitration

•Moles

•Concentration

•Assemblingtitrationap

-pa

ratu

s•

Carryingoutexperiments

on a

cid

–bas

e tit

ratio

ns

•Sciencekit

•ICTToolsandBraille/jaws

softw

are


21

8.17

.1 L

AB

OR

ATO

RY T

ECH

NIQ

UES

CO

NTD

..

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:C

ON

TEN

T(A

ttitu

des,

Ski

lls a

nd K

now

l-ed

ge)

SUG

GES

TED

NO

TES

AN

D

AC

TIVI

TIES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.17.2VolumetricAnalysis

•Drawingtitrationtables

•Calculatingmolesand

conc

entra

tion

8.17.3SeparationTechniques

•describetheprinciplesof

fract

iona

l and

ste

am d

istil

la-

tion

•describetheconceptsof

pape

r and

thin

laye

r chr

o-m

atog

raph

y

•Se

parationTechniques

-Fractionaldistillation

- St

eam

dis

tilla

tion

•Chrom

atography

•Rfvalues

•Se

paratingethanolfrom

wat

er•

Carryingoutsteam

di

stilla

tion

to p

rodu

ce

perfumesandflavours

•separatingink/chlorophyll

pigm

ents

by

pape

r and

th

in la

yer c

hrom

atog

ra-

phy

•CalculatingRfvalues

•Fractionaldistillationappa

-ra

tus

•Plantm

aterial

•Filterpaper

•Ethanol

•Thinlayerplate

Qua

litat

ive

anal

ysis

•carryoutteststoidentify

ions

•describeteststoidentify

gase

s

•QualitativeAn

alysis(A

l3+,

NH4+,M

g2+,Pb2+,Cu2+,

Fe2+,Fe3+,Cr3+,Zn2+,

Cl-,I-,N

O3-,S

O42-,

CO32-

•Testsforgasessuchas:

ammonia;carbondioxide;

chlorine;hydrogen;oxygen

andsulphurdioxide

•Carryingoutexperiments

to id

entif

y ca

tions

and

anions(re

fertoqualitative

analysistable)

•Testingfor:

-Oxygen

-Hydrogen

- Am

mon

ia-

Carbondioxide

-Su

lphurdioxide

•ScienceKit

•Deliverytube

•Lem

on

N.B.R

eagentsmustbe0.2

mol/dm3

•Sciencekit


22

8.18

.0 M

ATTE

R

8.19

.0 T

HE

MO

LE C

ON

CEP

T

29

8.18

.0

MAT

TER

TO

PIC

O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

IILS

AND

K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

SES

8.18.1H

eatingandcooling

curv

es

in

terp

ret h

eatin

g an

d co

olin

g cu

rves

desc

ribe

the

effe

cts

of

impu

ritie

s on

boi

ling

and

mel

ting

poin

ts

Heatingandcooling

curv

es

M

eltin

g an

d bo

iling

poin

ts

Ef

fect

s of

impu

ritie

s on

m

eltin

g an

d bo

iling

poin

ts

Ex

perim

entin

g on

hea

ting

and

cool

ing

of ic

e, s

tear

ic

acid, w

axandnaphthalene.

Drawingheatingand

cool

ing

curv

es

In

terp

retin

g he

atin

g an

d co

olin

g cu

rves

Sc

ienc

e ki

t

ice

.

30

8.19

.0

THE

MO

LE C

ON

CEP

T TO

PIC

O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

IILS

AND

K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

SES

8.19.1P

erce

ntag

e co

mpo

sitio

n

ca

lcul

ate

perc

enta

ge

com

posi

tion

of e

lem

ents

in

com

poun

ds a

nd o

res

calc

ulat

ing

empi

rical

and

m

olec

ular

form

ulae

Pe

rcen

tage

co

mpo

sitio

n (haematite,copper

pyrite,fertilizers,

bauxite,platinum

group

ofmetals(PGMs)

em

piric

al a

nd

mol

ecul

ar fo

rmul

a

Cal

cula

ting

perc

enta

ge

com

posi

tion

of g

iven

el

emen

ts in

giv

en

com

poun

ds a

nd o

res.

C

alcu

latin

g em

piric

al fo

rmul

a an

d m

olec

ular

form

ula.

Ba

lanc

es

Te

xtbooks

Scie

nce

kit

Oresam

ples

Res

ourc

e pe

ople

8.19.2M

olar

gas

vol

ume

explaintheconceptof

mol

ar g

as v

olum

e

use

the

mol

ar g

as

volu

me

conc

ept i

n ca

lcul

atio

ns.

M

olar

gas

vol

ume

C

olle

ctin

g an

d m

easu

ring

gase

s pr

oduc

ed fr

om

chem

ical

reac

tions

Calculatingvolumesof

gase

s

N.BU

se 2

4dm

3 /mol

e as

mol

ar

gas

volu

me

at rt

p

Sc

ienc

e ki

t


23

8.20

.0 S

TOIC

HIO

MET

RY

8.21

.0 E

LEC

TRO

CH

EMIS

TRY

31

8.20

.0

STO

ICH

IOM

ETR

Y TO

PIC

O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

SES

8.20.1P

erce

ntag

e yi

eld

and

purit

y

Calculatepercentage

purit

y an

d yi

eld

Ex

plainthedifference

betw

een

actu

al a

nd

theo

retic

al y

ield

.

Pe

rcen

tage

yie

ld

- actualyield,theoretical

yiel

d

Perc

enta

ge p

urity

Ex

perim

entingon

dete

rmin

ing

perc

enta

ge

yiel

d an

d pu

rity

-

Ther

mal

dec

ompo

sitio

n of

cal

cium

car

bona

te

- de

stru

ctiv

e di

stilla

tion

of

coal

and

saw

dust

Calculatingpercentage

yiel

ds a

nd p

urity

Sc

ienc

e ki

t

Wood,coal,sawdust

32

8.21

.0

ELEC

TRO

CH

EMIS

TRY

TOPI

C

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.21.1R

edoxequations

constru

ctbalancedredox

equations

redoxequationse.g

. di

spla

cem

ent r

eact

ions

Deducingelectro

de

reac

tions

Balancingredox

equations

Visitingsites

- Sa

bleChemicals,

Chloridebatteries

ICTtoolsandBraille/Jaw

sso

ftwar

e

8.21.2E

lect

roly

tic p

urifi

catio

n of

cop

per

de

scrib

e th

e el

ectro

lytic

ce

ll on

pro

duct

ion

of

copp

er

El

ectro

lytic

pur

ifica

tion

of

copp

er

us

es o

f cop

per a

nd b

y -

prod

ucts

of t

he e

lect

roly

tic

proc

ess

As

sem

blin

g th

e el

ectro

lytic

cel

l

Anal

ysin

g el

ectro

plat

ing

Discussingtheusesof

copp

er a

nd b

y-pr

oduc

ts

Visitingsites

e.g.

Em

pres

s mine,

Sc

ienc

e ki

t

Res

ourc

e pe

rson

s


sso

ftwar

e

\


24

8.22

.0 C

HEM

ICA

L EN

ERG

ETIC

S

8.23

.0 E

QU

ILIB

RIA

33

8.22

.0

CH

EMIC

AL E

NER

GET

ICS

TOPI

C

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.22.1E

ntha

lpy

chan

ges

de

scrib

e th

e co

ncep

t of

enth

alpy

cha

nge

determ

ineexperim

entally

enth

alpy

cha

nge

calc

ulat

e en

thal

py

chan

ges

usin

g th

e relationship,

q =

mc

∆T /

VC∆T

En

thal

py c

hang

es o

f :

- co

mbu

stio

n -

neut

ralis

atio

n -

solu

tion

Carryingoutexperiments

to d

eter

min

e en

thal

py

changesofcom

bustion,

neut

ralis

atio

n an

d so

lutio

n

Calculatingenthalpy

chan

ges

Sc

ienc

e ki

t

34

8.23

.0

EQU

ILIB

RIA

TO

PIC

O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to

:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.23.1P

rodu

ctio

n of

fe

rtilis

ers

de

scrib

e th

e m

anuf

actu

re o

f am

mon

ium

nitr

ate

and

amm

oniu

m s

ulph

ate

ferti

liser

s

Pr

oduc

tion

of fe

rtilis

ers

- am

mon

ium

nitr

ate

- am

mon

ium

su

lpha

te

experim

entingon

prod

uctio

n of

ferti

liser

s by

neu

tralis

ing

amm

onia

with

nitr

ic

acid/sulphuricacid

follo

wed

by

crys

tallis

atio

n

visi

ting

site

s e.

g. S

able

chem

icals,ZimPh

os

sc

ienc

e ki

t

Res

ourc

e pe

rson

s

8.23.2Industrialapplications

of re

actio

n ki

netic

s an

d equilibria

•linkreactionconditionsto

prod

uctio

n co

sts

for t

he

Haber,andcontactprocess

•analysethecostofproduc-

tion

in re

latio

n to

the

cost

of

prod

uct

•justifytheconditionsfor

Haberandcontactprocess

-es

•Industrial

Appl

icat

ions

•Effectsofconditionson

yiel

ds a

nd c

osts

•Alternativesourcesofraw

mat

eria

ls

•An

alysingreactioncondi-

tions

aga

inst

pro

duct

ivity

•Visitingsites

•An

alysinggraphsshowing

rela

tions

hips

bet

wee

n co

n-di

tions

and

yie

ld

•Resourcepersons


sso

ftwar

e•

Charts


25

8.24

.1 P

ERIO

DIC

TA

BLE

8.25

.0 M

ETA

LS A

ND

NO

N -

MET

ALS

8.24

.0 IN

OR

GA

NIC

CH

EMIS

TRY

36

8.24

.0 IN

OR

GAN

IC C

HEM

ISTR

Y 8.

24.1

PE

RIO

DIC

TAB

LE

TOPI

C

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.24.2T

rans

ition

ele

men

ts

de

scrib

e th

e pr

oper

ties

of tr

ansi

tion

elem

ents

explaintheindustrial

and

biol

ogic

al

sign

ifica

nce

of

trans

ition

ele

men

ts

Tr

ansi

tion

elem

ents

(copper,iron,manganese,

cobalt,chrom

ium,nickel,

vanadium

)

Phys

ical

pro

perti

es

Indu

stria

l and

bio

logi

cal

sign

ifica

nce

of tr

ansi

tion

elem

ents

(catalysis,

haem

oglobinandalloys)

D

iscu

ssin

g pr

oper

ties

of

trans

ition

ele

men

ts

Ex

perim

entingto

inve

stig

ate

the

colo

urs

and

cata

lytic

pro

perti

es o

f tra

nsiti

on e

lem

ents

iron

(II),

iron(III),Cu2

+ ,MnO

4- ,MnO

2,Cr3+,Cr 2O

72 ,CrO

42-

vi

sitin

g si

tes

Pe

riodi

c ta

ble

Sa

lts

m

etal

s

Sc

ienc

e ki

t

Res

ourc

e pe

rson

s

iron (II),iron(III),

Cu2

+ ,MnO

4- ,MnO

2,Cr3+,Cr 2O

72 ,CrO

42-

37

8.25

.0

M

ETAL

S AN

D N

ON

- M

ETAL

S TO

PIC

O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to

:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.25.1 C

ompositionofMineral

ores

desc

ribe

the

com

posi

tion

of m

iner

al o

res

Com

positionofmineral

ores

of

- Iro

n -

Copper

- Pl

atin

um

- Lithium

- Nickel

- Gold

Visitingsites

e.g.

Zimbabw

eschoolofm

ines,

Biki

ta minerals,platinum

mines,A

rctu

rus

min

e

An

alys

ing

com

posi

tion

of

sam

ples

of m

iner

al o

res

Sa

mpl

e of

min

eral

ore

s


sso

ftwar

e

Res

ourc

e pe

rson

s

8.25.2E

xtractionofmetals

de

scrib

e th

e m

etho

ds o

f pr

oces

sing

min

eral

s

explaintheusesofm

etals

and

allo

ys in

resp

ect t

o th

eir p

rope

rties

M

etho

ds o

f pro

cess

ing

min

eral

s -

Blas

t fur

nace

-

Purificationofcopper,

nickel,platinum

,gold

Va

lueadditionand

bene

ficia

tion

Usesofmetalsandalloys

Discussingthemethodsof

extra

ctingminerals

Discussing

impo

rtanc

e of

va

lue

addi

tion

and

bene

ficia

tion

on m

iner

al

reso

urce

s

Visi

ting

site

s e.

g.

Zim

babw

e Sc

hool

of

Mines,B

ikitaminerals,

Platinum

mines,A

rcturu

s m

ine

and

othe

r sm

all s

cale

m

ines

Discussing

the

form

atio

n of

alloysofcopper,iron,

alum

iniu

m

Discussing

uses

of m

etal

s an

d al

loys

Sa

mpl

e of

min

eral

ore

s


sso

ftwar

e

Res

ourc

e pe

rson

s


26

8.25

.0 M

ETA

LS A

ND

NO

N -

MET

ALS

CO

NTD

..

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:C

ON

TEN

T(A

ttitu

des,

Ski

lls a

nd K

now

l-ed

ge)

SUG

GES

TED

NO

TES

AN

D

AC

TIVI

TIES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

ES

•explaintheusesofm

etals

and

allo

ys in

resp

ect t

o th

eir

prop

ertie

s

•Usesofmetalsandalloys

Platinum

mines,Arcturus

min

e an

d ot

her s

mal

l sc

ale

min

es•

Discussingtheformation

ofalloysofcopper,iron,

alum

iniu

m•

Discussingusesofm

etals

and

allo

ys

38

TOPI

C

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

: C

ON

TEN

T (A

TTIT

UD

ES, S

KIL

LS

AND

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SU

GG

ESTE

D A

CTI

VITI

ES

AND

NO

TES

SUG

GES

TED

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.25.3P

roce

ssin

g of

di

amon

d an

d co

al

de

scrib

e th

e pr

oces

sing

of

diam

ond

and

coal

Pr

oces

sing

of d

iam

ond

and

coal

Destru

ctivedistilla

tionofcoal

Coalgasification

Valueadditionand

bene

ficia

tion

Discussingimporta

nceof

valu

e ad

ditio

n an

d be

nefic

iatio

n on

min

eral

re

sour

ces

Visitingsi

tes

- Hwange

- Zi

mch

em


sso

ftwar

e

Coal

R

esou

rce

pers

ons

8.25.4Liquefactionand

fract

iona

l dist

illatio

n of

air

de

scrib

e th

e liquefaction

and

fract

iona

l dis

tilla

tion

of

air

identifytheusesofO

xygen,

Nitrogen,C

arbondioxide

and

nobl

e ga

ses

Com

positionofair

Liquefactionandfra

ctional

dist

illatio

n of

air

UsesofOxygen,Nitrogen,

Carbondioxideandnoble

gase

s

Discussingthe

composition,liquefaction

and

fract

iona

l dis

tilla

tion

of a

ir

Visitingsites

e.g.

sab

le

chem

icals,BOC

gas

es

Si

mul

atin

g us

ing ICT

toolsandBraille/Jaw

sso

ftwar

e

Flow

charts


s

softw

are

R

esou

rce

pers

ons


27

8.26

.0 O

RG

AN

IC C

HEM

ISTR

Y

8.26

.1 F

UEL

S

8.27

.0 C

LASS

IFIC

ATIO

N A

ND

NO

MEN

CLA

TUR

E O

F O

RG

AN

IC C

OM

POU

ND

S

8.28

.0 H

YDR

OC

AR

BO

NS

39

8.26

.0 O

RG

ANIC

CH

EMIS

TRY

8.26

.1

FUEL

S TO

PIC

O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to

:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.26.2F

uelefficiency

determ

ine,

experim

entally,the

heat

ing

valu

es o

f fue

ls

explainwhysom

efuels

are

mor

e ef

ficie

nt th

an

othe

rs

Ty

pes

of fu

els

Fuelefficiency

Ex

perim

entin

g w

ith fu

els

to d

eter

min

e th

eir

heat

ing

valu

es

Discussingthereasons

why

the

fuel

s ha

ve

diffe

rent

effi

cien

cy

Fu

els

Th

erm

omet

er

Be

aker

Burn

ers

Sc

ienc

e ki

t

40

8.27

.0

C

LASS

IFIC

ATIO

N A

ND

NO

MEN

CLA

TUR

E O

F O

RG

ANIC

CO

MPO

UN

DS

TOPI

C

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e

to:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D K

NO

WLE

DG

E)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.27.1I

som

eris

m

de

scrib

e th

e te

rm

isom

eris

m

id

entif

y st

ruct

ural

is

omer

s of

alk

anes

draw

the

stru

ctur

es o

f th

e is

omer

s

st

ruct

ures

of i

som

ers

of a

lkan

es u

p to

6

carb

on a

tom

s

di

scus

sing

is

omer

ism

mak

ing

mod

els

of

isom

ers

of a

lkan

es

si

mul

atin

g is

omer

ism

m

odel

s

ICTtoolsand

Braille/Jaw

ssoftw

are

41

8.28

.0

H

YDR

OC

ARB

ON

S TO

PIC

O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to

:

CO

NTE

NT

(ATT

ITU

DES

, SK

ILLS

AN

D

KN

OW

LED

GE)

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.28.1

Alka

nes

and

Alke

nes

desc

ribe

the

man

ufac

ture

of

alka

nes

and

alke

nes

di

stin

guis

h be

twee

n al

kane

s an

d al

kene

s

desc

ribe

the

chem

ical

pro

perti

es

of a

lkan

es a

s exem

plifiedby

met

hane

desc

ribe

the

chem

ical

pro

perti

es

of a

lken

es a

s exem

plifiedby

et

hene

Crackingoflong

chai

n al

kane

s

Com

bustionof

alka

nes

and

alke

nes

R

eact

ion

with

ch

lorin

e in

the

presenceofU

Vlig

ht a

nd in

da

rkne

ss

R

eact

ion

with

br

omin

e w

ater

Rea

ctio

n of

eth

ene

with

ste

am a

nd

hydr

ogen

M

akin

g m

odel

s of

al

kene

s an

d al

kane

s

Drawing

stru

ctur

es o

f al

kane

s an

d al

kene

s

Burn

ing

Experim

entingwith

cook

ing

oil t

o de

mon

stra

te c

rack

ing

H

ydro

carb

ons

Discussing

the

prod

uctio

n of

m

arga

rine

and

etha

nol

Hydrocarbon

Burn

er

Sa

nd

Cookingoil

Br

omin

e w

ater

Boilin

g tu

be

Deliverytubes


28

8.28

.0 H

YDR

OC

AR

BO

NS

CO

NTD

..

8.29

.0 A

LCO

HO

LS

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:C

ON

TEN

T(A

ttitu

des,

Ski

lls a

nd

Kno

wle

dge)

SUG

GES

TED

NO

TES

AN

D

AC

TIVI

TIES

SUG

GES

TED

R

ESO

UR

CES

c

hem

ical

pro

perti

es o

f alkanesasexemplifiedby

met

hane

•describethechem

icalprop-

ertiesofalkenesasexem

pli-

fiedbyethene

•Reactionwithchlorinein

thepresenceofU

Vlight

and

in d

arkn

ess

•Reactionwithbromine

wat

er•

Reactionofethenewith

stea

m a

nd h

ydro

gen

c

ooki

ng o

il to

dem

onst

rate

cr

acki

ng•

Hydrocarbons

•Discussingtheproduction

of m

arga

rine

and

etha

nol

•Deliverytubes

42

8.29

.0

AL

CO

HO

LS

TOPI

C

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e

to:

CO

NTE

NT

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.29.1F

ermentation

desc

ribe

the

cond

ition

s ne

cess

ary

for t

he

ferm

enta

tion

proc

ess

desc

ribe

the

indu

stria

l pr

oduc

tion

of e

than

ol b

y fe

rmen

tatio

n

Conditionsfor

ferm

enta

tion

Ferm

entation

- et

hano

l -

mah

ewu

- In

dige

nous

bee

r br

ewin

g

Discussingconditions

nece

ssar

y fo

r fe

rmen

tatio

n

inve

stig

atin

g th

e co

nditi

ons

nece

ssar

y fo

r fe

rmen

tatio

n

visi

ting

site

s e.

g.

brew

eries,ethanol

prod

uctio

n pl

ants

Glucose

Yeas

t

Suga

rcan

e

Malt,hops,m

aize,

barley,ra

poko,sorghum

8.29.2p

rope

rties

of e

than

ol

de

scrib

e th

e pr

oper

ties

of e

than

ol

desc

ribe

the

uses

and

so

cial

effe

cts

of e

than

ol

So

lubi

lity

Bo

iling

poin

t

Com

bustion

Oxidationtocarboxylic

acid

s

Dehydration

of e

than

ol

to e

then

e

Usesofethanol

-

Solv

ents

-

Fuels(blendpetrol)

- Pe

rfum

es

- Al

coho

lic b

ever

ages

Soci

al e

ffect

s

Bu

rnin

g of

eth

anol

Test

ing

for e

than

ol u

sing

po

tass

ium

dic

hrom

ate

Dehydratingethanol

usin

g co

ncen

trate

d su

lphu

ric a

cid

Discussingthe

uses

and

so

cial

effe

cts

of u

sing

et

hano

l

Sc

ienc

e ki

t


29

8.30

.0 C

AR

BO

XYLI

C A

CID

S

8.31

.0 P

OLY

MER

S

43

8.30

.0

C

ARB

OXY

LIC

AC

IDS

TOPI

C

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e

to:

CO

NTE

NT

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.30.1C

hem

istry

of

carboxylicacids

desc

ribe

the

form

atio

n of

et

hano

ic a

cid

de

scrib

e th

e ch

emic

al

propertiesofcarboxylic

acid

s

desc

ribe

the

uses

of

etha

noic

aci

ds

de

scrib

e th

e pr

oces

s of

sa

poni

ficat

ion

Oxidationofethanol

(refertoalcohols)

Propertiesofcarboxylic

ac

ids

- Es

terif

icat

ion

-

Rea

ctio

n w

ith

carb

onat

es

Usesofethanoicacids

- M

anuf

actu

re o

f pe

rfum

es

- Fo

odpreservation

- Flavouring

Soap

man

ufac

turin

g

Stru

ctur

e of

soa

p m

olec

ule

Glycerine/glycerol

Ex

perim

entingon

chem

ical

pro

perti

es o

f et

hano

ic a

cid

Discussingtheusesof

etha

noic

aci

ds

M

akin

g so

ap in

the

labo

rato

ry

Sc

ienc

e ki

t

Perfu

me

sam

ples

Vinegar

An

imal

fat

So

dium

chl

orid

e

Sodium

hydroxide

44

8.31

.0

PO

LYM

ERS

TOPI

C

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e

to:

CO

NTE

NT

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.31.1S

ynth

etic

pol

ymer

s

de

scrib

e th

e fo

rmat

ion

of

poly

then

e

de

scrib

e th

e fo

rmat

ion

of

nylo

n an

d te

ryle

ne

dr

aw s

truct

ures

to

repr

esen

t syn

thet

ic

poly

mer

s

iden

tify

repe

at u

nits

for

poly

mer

s

dedu

ce th

e st

ruct

ure

of

the

mon

omer

from

a g

iven

po

lym

er a

nd v

ice-

vers

a

desc

ribe

the

uses

of

synt

hetic

pol

ymer

s

Ad

ditio

n po

lym

eris

atio

n

Stru

ctur

es o

f: -

Poly

then

e

Condensation

poly

mer

isat

ion

- Nylon

-

Tery

lene

Usesofsynthetic

poly

mer

s N

.B:

Use

blo

ck d

iagr

ams

to re

pres

ent

cond

ensa

tion

poly

mer

s

Discussing

poly

mer

isat

ion

Id

entif

ying

and

nam

ing

lin

kage

s in

syn

thet

ic

poly

mer

s

Dra

win

g re

peat

uni

ts fo

r po

lym

ers

Drawingstructuresto

repr

esen

t mon

omer

s an

d po

lym

ers

Discussingontheuses

of s

ynth

etic

pol

ymer

s

Visitingsites

- Sa

ltram

a pl

astic

s -

Treg

er p

last

ics

M

odel

s an

d im

ages

to

repr

esen

t stru

ctur

es o

f m

onom

ers


sso

ftwar

e

Sam

ples

of d

iffer

ent

poly

mer

s

Res

ourc

e pe

rson

s

8.31.2N

atur

al P

olym

ers

nam

e th

e ty

pe o

f lin

kage

s in

eac

h of

the

poly

mer

s

draw

stru

ctur

es to

re

pres

ent n

atur

al

poly

mer

s

dedu

ce s

truct

ure

of th

e m

onom

er fr

om a

giv

en

poly

mer

and

vic

e-ve

rsa

de

scrib

e th

e hy

drol

ysis

of

natu

ral p

olym

ers

Naturalpolym

ers

- St

arch

-

Prot

eins

Hydrolysisofnatural

poly

mer

s

Discussingstructuresof

natu

ral p

olym

ers

Dra

win

g st

ruct

ures

of

natu

ral p

olym

ers

Discussinghydrolysisof

natu

ral p

olym

ers

Experim

entingonacid

hydr

olys

is o

f nat

ural

po

lym

ers

Sc

ienc

e ki

t


30

8.31

.0 P

OLY

MER

S C

ON

TD..

8.32

.0 E

NVI

RO

NM

ENTA

L C

HEM

ISTR

Y

8.32

.1 W

AST

E M

AN

AG

EMEN

T

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:C

ON

TEN

TSU

GG

ESTE

D N

OTE

S A

ND

A

CTI

VITI

ESSU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

•describetheusesofsyn

-th

etic

pol

ymer

s-

Nylon

- Te

ryle

ne

•Usesofsyntheticpoly-

mer

sN

.B:

Use

blo

ck d

iagr

ams

to re

pres

ent c

on-

dens

atio

n po

lym

ers

- Tr

eger

pla

stic

s

8.31.2N

aturalPolym

ers

•namethetypeoflinkages

in e

ach

of th

e po

lym

ers

•draw

structurestorepre-

sent

nat

ural

pol

ymer

s•

deducestructureofthe

mon

omer

from

a g

iven

po

lym

er a

nd v

ice-

vers

a•

describethehydrolysisof

natu

ral p

olym

ers

•Naturalpolym

ers

- St

arch

-

Prot

eins

•Hydrolysisofnaturalpoly-

mer

s

•Discussingstructuresof

natu

ral p

olym

ers

•Drawingstructuresofnatu-

ral p

olym

ers

•Discussinghydrolysisof

natu

ral p

olym

ers

•Experim

entingonacidhy

-dr

olys

is o

f nat

ural

pol

ymer

s

•Sciencekit

45

8.32

.0 E

NVI

RO

NM

ENTA

L C

HEM

ISTR

Y 8.

32.1

W

ASTE

MAN

AGEM

ENT

TOPI

C

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e

to:

CO

NTE

NT

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.32.2W

aste

dis

posa

l m

etho

ds

id

entif

y th

e w

aste

di

spos

al m

etho

ds

de

scrib

e th

e ad

vant

ages

an

d di

sadv

anta

ges

of

each

of t

he m

etho

ds o

f w

aste

dis

posa

l

explain

the

conc

epts

of

re-u

sing

and

recy

clin

g of

w

aste

W

aste

dis

posa

l met

hods

: incineration,landfills,

activ

ated

slu

dge

re-u

sing

and

recy

clin

g of

w

aste

s

Describing

each

of t

he

met

hods

of w

aste

di

spos

al

Visitingsitese.g.bio

-digesters,incinerators,

land

fills

In

cine

rato

rs

Landfills

Sew

age

treat

men

t pl

ants

Com

post

s

Bio-

dige

ster

s

Res

ourc

e pe

rson

s


31

8.33

.0 P

OLL

UTI

ON

8.34

.0 W

ATER

PU

RIF

ICAT

ION

46

8.33

.0

POLL

UTI

ON

TO

PIC

O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to

:

CO

NTE

NT

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.33.1S

ourc

es o

f pol

luta

nts

list t

he s

ourc

es o

f po

lluta

nts

explaintheeffect

s of

po

llutio

n

de

scrib

e m

etho

ds o

f co

ntro

lling

pollu

tion

So

urce

s of

pol

luta

nts

- In

dust

rial w

aste

-

Exhaustfum

es

- Dom

esticwaste

Effe

cts

of p

ollu

tant

s -

Acid

rain

-

Eutro

phic

atio

n

- Globalw

arming

- Healthhazards

- Ozonelayer

depl

etio

n

Met

hods

of c

ontro

lling

pollu

tion

- Catalyticconvertors

-

Rec

yclin

g

- sh

aker

s

Discussingsourcesof

pollu

tion

Discussingeffectsof

pollu

tion

Visitingsites

Discussingmethodsof

cont

rollin

g po

llutio

n

ICTtoolsand

Braille/Jaw

ssoftw

are

R

esou

rce

pers

ons

Catalyticconvertor

47

8.34

.0

W

ATER

PU

RIF

ICAT

ION

TO

PIC

O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to

:

CO

NTE

NT

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D

RES

OU

RC

ES

8.34.1W

ater

pur

ifica

tion

de

scrib

e th

e pr

oces

s of

la

rge

scal

e w

ater

pu

rific

atio

n

explaintheroleof

alum

iniu

m s

ulph

ate

and

ch

lorin

e in

the

treat

men

t of

wat

er

W

ater

pur

ifica

tion

- Filtration

- Flocculation

-

Sedi

men

tatio

n -

Chlorination

ro

le o

f alu

min

ium

sul

phat

e an

d ch

lorin

e

prob

lem

s as

soci

ated

with

w

ater

pur

ifica

tion

Ex

perim

entin

g on

se

dim

enta

tion

and

filtra

tion

Vi

sitin

g si

tes

e.g.

-

Wat

er w

orks

Discussingtherolesof

alum

iniu

m s

ulph

ate

and

chlo

rine

R

esou

rce

pers

ons

M

odel

s of

San

d fil

ters

Wat

er g

uard

Alum

iniu

m s

ulph

ate

Chloridetablets

Po

tass

ium

Chlorate(V)

SUB

TO

PIC

LEA

RN

ING

OB

JEC

TIVE

S Le

arne

rs s

houl

d be

abl

e to

:C

ON

TEN

TSU

GG

ESTE

D N

OTE

S A

ND

A

CTI

VITI

ESSU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES


32

8.35

.0 H

ERB

S

48

8.35

.0

H

ERB

S TO

PIC

O

BJE

CTI

VES

Lear

ners

sho

uld

be a

ble

to

:

CO

NTE

NT

SUG

GES

TED

AC

TIVI

TIES

AN

D N

OTE

S SU

GG

ESTE

D R

ESO

UR

CES

8.35.1H

erbs

desc

ribe

the

uses

of h

erbs

de

scrib

e ad

vant

ages

and

di

sadv

anta

ges

of u

sing

he

rbs

Usesofherbs

-

Healthand

agric

ultu

re

Ad

vant

ages

and

di

sadv

anta

ges

of h

erbs

Listingofherbsfoun

d in

the

loca

l env

ironm

ent

Visitingherbalg

arde

ns

D

iscu

ssin

g on

the

adva

ntag

es a

nd

disa

dvan

tage

s of

usi

ng

herb

s

H

erbs

Res

ourc

e pe

rson

s


33

8.0 ASSESSMENT

8.1 ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVESTheschemeofassessmentisgroundedintheprincipleofinclusivityandequalisationofopportunitieshencedoesnotcondone direct or indirect discrimination of learners.

Modificationsofarrangementstoaccommodatecandidateswithspecialneedsmustbeputinplaceinbothcontinu-ousandsummativeassessments.Thesemodificationsmustneithergivethesecandidatesanundueadvantageoverothers nor compromise the standards being assessed.

NB:Forfurtherdetailsonarrangements,accommodationsandmodificationsrefertotheassessmentprocedurebook-let.Thethreeassessmentobjectivesin‘O’LevelChemistryare:

1: Knowledge and understanding2:Handlinginformationandproblemsolving3:Experimentalskills,investigationsandapplications

1: Knowledge and understanding

Candidatesshouldbeabletodemonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingof:•scientificquantitiesandtheirdetermination•scientificphenomena,facts,laws,definitions,concepts,theories•scientificvocabulary,terminology,conventions(includingsymbols,quantitiesandunits)•scientificinstrumentsandapparatus,includingtechniquesofoperationandaspectsofsafety•scientificandtechnologicalapplicationswiththeirsocial,economicandenvironmentalimplications.

2:Handlinginformation,problemsolving,synthesis,analysisandevaluation

Usingwordsorotherwrittenformsofpresentation(e.g.symbolic,graphicalandnumerical),candidatesshouldbeableto:

•makepredictionsandhypotheses•manipulatenumericalandotherdata•solveproblemsquantitativelyandqualitatively.•translateinformationfromoneformtoanother.•useinformationtoidentifypatterns,reporttrendsanddrawinferences.•locate,select,organiseandpresentinformationfromavarietyofsources.•presentreasonedexplanationsonphenomena,patternsandrelationships.

3:Experimentalskills,investigationsandapplications

Candidatesshouldbeableto:

•makeandrecordobservationsandmeasurements•interpretandevaluateexperimentalobservationsanddata•Usetheknowledgeofchemistrytosolveeverydaylifechallenges,acquireandenhanceenterprisingskills•demonstratecorrectuseoftechniques,apparatus,andmaterials(includingfollowingasequenceofinstructions,

whereappropriate)•planinvestigations,evaluatemethodsandsuggestpossibleimprovements(includingtheselectionoftechniques,

apparatusandmaterials)..


34

8.2 SCHEME OF ASSESSMENT

8.3 SPECIFICATION GRID

TheassessmentschemeforChemistrycomprisesof:

a)Continuousassessment,and

b)Summativeassessment.ThefinalgradeinChemistryis30%continuousassessmentand70%summativeassessment.The assessment shall be administered as follows:ContinuousAssessment/ProfileSummative assessment

-Paper1:Multiplechoicequestions

-Paper2:Structuredtheoryquestions

-Paper3:PracticalExamination

PAPER Type of paper Duration Marks Paper Weighting %1 Multiple choice 1 hr 40 202 Theory 2 hrs 100 40

PAPER1:THEORY:thepaperconsistsof40compulsorymultiplechoiceitemsofthedirectchoicetype.Acopyoftheperiodictablewillbeprintedaspartofthispaper.Eachquestionshallhave4responseitems.

PAPER2:THEORY.Thepaperhas2sections,SectionAandB.SectionAwillcarry40marksandwillconsistsoffivecompulsorystructuredquestionsof8markseach.SectionBcarries60marksandwillconsistof5structuredquestions.Eachquestionwillcarry15marks.Candidateswillberequiredtoanswerany4questions.Acopyoftheperiodictablewillbeprintedaspartofthispaper

PAPER3:PRACTICALTESTThispaperwillconsistof2compulsoryquestionseachcarrying20marks.Learnerswillbeassessedastheycarryoutthepracticalexamination.

SKILL Paper 1 Paper 2 Paper3KnowledgeandUnderstanding 15% 15%HandlingofinformationandProblemsolving 40% 50%Analysis,SynthesisandEvaluation 45% 45%Experimental,Investigative and application

100%

TOTAL 100% 100% 100%

CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENTLevel Assessment Tasks Frequency WeighingForm3 • Practicaltest

• Theorytest• Project

• 2perterm• 3perterm• 1peryear

10%

ThiscomponentwillconsistofstandardisedtestsinPractical,TheoryandProjectsadministeredduringthefirst5

terms.

o level chemistry syllabus - mopse.co.zwmopse.co.zw/sites/default/files/public/syllabus/chemistry...

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