¥ÁoÀ - 25

¨ÉÃPÀÄ ¨ÉÃqÀUÀ¼ÀÄ

£Á£ÀÄ ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀĪÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß PÉý PÀ£ÀßrUÀgÀÄ £ÀPÀÌgÉ JA§ ¨sÀAiÀÄ

¤ªÀÄVzÉAiÉÄÃ? ¥ÁægÀA¨sÀzÀ°è ¤ªÀÄä ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÉý CªÀgÀÄ £ÀUÀÄvÁÛgÉ

¤d. ¤ÃªÀÅ CªÀgÀ eÉÆvÉ £ÀPÀÄÌ ©r. DzÀgÉ ¤gÀÄvÁì»UÀ¼ÁUÀ¨ÉÃr. ¤ªÀÄä

¥ÀæAiÀÄvÀß MAzÀÄ ªÀÄUÀÄ«£À ¥ÀæAiÀÄvÀßzÀAvÉ. DzÀgÉ £É£À¦r; ¤ÃªÀÅ

ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀĪÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß PÀ°AiÀĨÉÃPÁzÀgÉ ¨ÉÃgÉAiÀĪÀgÀ eÉÆvÉ

ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀĪÀzÀgÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀªÉÃ.

¨ÉÃgÉ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ZÉ£ÁßV ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀĪÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß ¤gÀAvÀgÀ

C¨sÁå¸À¢AzÀ¯Éà PÀ°AiÀĨÉÃPÀÄ. AiÀiÁgÀÆ vÀ¥ÀÄà ªÀiÁqÀzÉ, JAzÀÆ ºÉƸÀ

¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀ®Ä PÀ°w®è. ¤ªÀÄä ªÀÄÄRå ̧ ÀªÀĸÉåAiÉÄAzÀgÉ MAzÀÄ

¸Áj ªÀiÁrzÀ vÀ¥Àà£ÀÄß ªÀÄvÉÛ ªÀÄvÉÛ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ. ¤ÃªÀÅ JZÀÑjPɬÄAzÀ ¤ªÀÄä

eÉÆvÉ ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀĪÀªÀgÀ ªÀiÁvÀ£ÀÄß UÀªÀĤ¹. DUÀ ¤ÃªÀÅ J°è vÀ¥ÀÄà

ªÀiÁqÀÄ«j J°è ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅ¢®è JAzÀÄ w½AiÀÄÄvÀÛzÉ. PÉ®ªÀgÀÄ vÁªÀÅ

ªÀiÁrzÀ vÀ¥Éàà ̧ Àj JAzÀÄ w½zÀÄ d£ÀUÀ¼À ̧ ÀA¥ÀPÀðªÀ£Éßà ©lÄÖ ©qÀÄvÁÛgÉ.

CAxÀªÀgÀÄ vÀªÀÄä vÀ¥Àà£ÀÄß ̧ Àj¥Àr¹PÉƼÀÄîªÀÅzÀÆ E®è, ̈ sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ZÉ£ÁßV

PÀ°AiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÆ E®è.

PÀ£ÀßqÀ UÉÆwÛ®èzÉ EgÀĪÀ £À£Àß C£ÉÃPÀ d£À ̧ ÉßûvÀgÀÄ EzÁÝgÉ. CªÀgÀÄ

¢£À¤vÀåzÀ §¼ÀPÉUÁV PÀ£ÀßqÀ PÀ°AiÀĨÉÃPÁVvÀÄÛ. £À£Àß ºÀwÛgÀ §AzÀÄ PÀ£ÀßqÀ

PÀ°AiÀĨÉÃPÉA§ D¸É EzÉ, PÀ°¹ JAzÀÄ PÉýzÀgÀÄ. £Á£ÀÄ PÀ°¸ÀvÉÆqÀVzÉ,

£ÀªÀĸÁÌgÀ ̧ ÉßûvÀ, ºÀÄqÀÄUÀ, dªÁ£À, ªÀÄgÀ ªÀÄÄAvÁzÀ ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÉÆzÀ®

¢£À ºÉýPÉÆmÉÖ. ªÀiÁgÀ£Éà ¢£À £Á£ÀÄ PÀ°¹zÀ CzsÀðzÀµÀÄÖ CªÀgÀÄ

ªÀÄgÉwzÀÝgÀÄ. CªÀjUÉ CªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß eÁÕ¥ÀPÀzÀ°èlÄÖPÉƼÀÄîªÀµÀÄÖ ¸ÀAAiÀĪÀÄ

EgÀ°®è. DzÀÝjAzÀ ºÉƸÀ ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÀ°AiÀÄĪÁUÀ ¸ÀAAiÀĪÀÄ¢A¢j,

D¸ÀQÛ vÉÆÃj¹, ¤ÃªÀÅ ¨sÁµÉ PÀ°AiÀÄĪÁUÀ ¸ÀÄvÀÛ ªÀÄÄvÀÛ® ¥Àj¸ÀgÀPÉÌ

ºÉÆA¢PÉƽî. d£ÀgÉÆqÀ£É MAzÁV CzÀPÁÌV PÀ£ÀßqÀªÀ£Éßà ªÀiÁzsÀåªÀÄ

ªÀiÁrPÉƽî.

228/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

zÉÆÃZÀÄ `to loot'

£ÀUÀgÀªÁ¹UÀ¼ÀÄ `citizens'

£ÀUÀ£Átå `jewellery and cash'

£ÉgÀªÉÃj¸ÀÄ `to perform'

¥ÀæPÀgÀt `incident'

¥Àæw¨sÀn¸ÀÄ `to protest'

¥ÀvÉÛ `detection'

¥À¯ÁAiÀÄ£À `escape'

¥ÁzÀZÁjUÀ¼ÀÄ `pedestrains'

¥Á®Ä `share'

¥ÀÄAqÀÄ¥ÉÆÃPÀjUÀ¼ÀÄ `lawless men'

§qÁªÀuÉ `extension'

§r `to beat'

¨ÉzÀj¸ÀÄ `to threaten'

¨sÀAiÀiÁ£ÀPÀ `horrifying'

¨sÁUÀ `part'

ªÀÄÄUÀÞ d£À `innocent people'

ªÀÄÆmÉ PÀlÄÖ `pack up'

¸ÀªÁgÀgÀÄ `riders'

²PÁëzÀAqÀ `punishment'

ºÀUÀ®Ä zÀgÉÆÃqÉ `day light robbery '

ºÁqÀÄ ºÀUÀ®Ä `broad day light'

230/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

¤ÃªÀÅ PÀ°AiÀÄĪÁUÀ ¥ÁoÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀgÀ¼ÀªÁVzÀÄÝ, ¤ªÀÄUÉ ¨Á°±ÀªÁV PÁt§ºÀÄzÀÄ. «avÀæ J¤¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ. ¨ÉøÀgÀ vÀgÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ. aAvɬĮè C¨sÁå¸ÀªÀiÁr. PÀxÉ ºÉüÀĪÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß PÀ°¬Äj. ¸ÀA¨sÁµÀuÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉýPÉÆAqÀÄ CzÀPÉÌ vÀPÀÌAvÉ C©ü£À¬Ä¹. ¸ÀAzÀ¨sÀðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÀȶֹPÉÆAqÀÄ ¨ÉÃgÉAiÀĪÀgÀÄ ªÉÄZÀÄѪÀAvÉ ªÀiÁr.

¤ÃªÀÅ vÀ¥ÀÄà ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀAvÀÆ ¤±ÀÑAiÀÄ. CzÀPÉÌ ¹zÀÞgÁVj. ºÉƸÀ ¨sÁµÉ PÀ°AiÀÄĪÁUÀ ¤ÃªÀÅ ªÀÄÆRðgÁUÀÄwÛÃj, WÀ£ÀvÉ PÀ¼ÉzÀÄPÉƼÀÄîwÛÃj. £ÀUÉ¥Ál°UÉ FqÁUÀÄwÛÃj. CzÀPÉ̯Áè vÀAiÀiÁgÁVj. ºÉƸÀ ¨sÁµÉAiÉÆAzÀ£ÀÄß PÀ°AiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ £ÀªÀÄä WÀ£ÀvÉ PÀ¼ÉzÀÄPÉƼÀÄîªÀÅzÀQÌAvÀ WÀ£ÀªÁzÀzÀÄÝ.

ºÉƸÀ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÀ°AiÀÄĪÁUÀ ªÀiÁvÁqÀĪÀµÀÄÖ NzÀĪÀÅzÀgÀ §gÉAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀgÀ CªÀ±ÀåPÀvɬĮè. DzÀgÉ CªÀ±ÀåPÀvÉUÀ½UÉ vÀPÀÌ ºÁUÉ ¤ªÀÄUÉ NzÀ¨ÉÃPɤ¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ. ¸ÀtÚ ¸ÀtÚ ¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¤AiÀÄvÀPÁ°PÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀvÀðªÀiÁ£À ¥ÀwæPÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß £ÉÆÃr. ªÉÆzÀªÉÆzÀ®Ä vÀÄA¨Á PÀµÀÖªÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ªÉÆzÀ® ºÀAvÀzÀ°è ¥ÁæxÀ«ÄPÀ ±Á¯Á ¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, zÀAvÀPÀxÉUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¸ÁªÀðd¤PÀ DgÉÆÃUÀå, ¹¤ªÀiÁ ¸ÀÄ¢Ý ªÉÆzÀ¯ÁzÀªÀÅ G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀPÉÌ §gÀÄvÀÛªÉ. ªÀvÀðªÀiÁ£À ¥ÀwæPÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÉÆzÀªÉÆzÀ®Ä PÀµÀÖªÁzÀgÀÆ §ºÀ¼À ¥ÀæAiÉÆÃd£ÀPÁj. CªÀÅUÀ¼À ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ¤ªÀÄä ¢£À ¤vÀåzÀ «µÀAiÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ZÀað¸À®Ä ̈ ÉÃPÁzÀ ºÉƸÀ ºÉƸÀ ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ¤ªÀÄä ±À§Ý ̈ sÀAqÁgÀPÉÌ ̧ ÉÃgÀÄvÀÛªÉ. CªÀ±ÀåPÀvÉVAvÀ ºÉZÀÄÑ ¤WÀAl£ÀÄß §¼À¸À¨ÉÃr. MAzÀÄ ¥ÀzÀzÀ CxÀð ¸À¤ßªÉñÀzÀ »£É߯ÉAiÀÄ°è CxÀðªÁUÀzÉ EzÀÝgÉ ¤WÀAl£ÀÄß £ÉÆÃr.

¤ÃªÀÅ PÀ°vÀ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß §gÀªÀtÂUÉAiÀÄ°è ºÉZÀÄÑ §¼À¸ÀĪÀ CªÀPÁ±À E®èzÉà ºÉÆÃUÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ. PÀ£ÁðlPÀzÀ ¤ªÀÄä ¸ÉßûvÀ¤UÉ PÁUÀzÀ §gÉAiÀÄĪÁUÀ PÀ£ÀßqÀzÀ¯Éèà §gɬÄj. §gÀªÀtÂUÉ ¤ªÀÄUÉ DvÀä «±Áé¸ÀªÀ£ÀÄß vÀAzÀÄ PÉÆqÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ¤ªÀÄä£ÀÄß ̧ ÀܽÃAiÀÄgÀ£ÁßV ªÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛzÉ.

PÀqÉAiÀÄzÁV MAzÀÄ ªÀiÁvÀÄ : vÀÄA¨Á PÀµÀÖ¥ÀlÄÖ ¨sÁµÉ PÀ°w¢ÝÃj. DzÀÝjAzÀ PÀ°vÀ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀÄgÉAiÀĨÉÃr. KPÉAzÀgÉ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÀ°AiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ JµÀÄÖ PÀµÀÖªÉÇà ªÉÄgÉAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ CµÉÖà ̧ ÀÄ®¨sÀ.

C¨sÁå¸À

1. PɼÀV£À ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ GvÀÛj¹.

1.1 ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀĪÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß PÀ°AiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ ºÉÃUÉ ?

1.2 PÉ®ªÀgÀÄ ̈ sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß KPÉ ZÉ£ÁßV PÀ°AiÀÄĪÀÅ¢®è ?

1.3 ºÉƸÀ ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉÃUÉ PÀ°AiÀĨÉÃPÀÄ ?

1.4 NzÀĪÀÅzÀ£ÀÄß C¨sÁå¸À ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀPÉÌ JAvÀºÀ ¥ÀĸÀÛPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ

G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛ?

1.5 §gÀªÀtÂUɬÄAzÁUÀĪÀ ¥ÀæAiÉÆÃd£À K£ÀÄ ?

2 PÀpt ±À§ÝUÀ¼À CxÀð

CªÀ±ÀåPÀvÉ `necessity'

DvÀ䫱Áé¸À `confidence '

JZÀÑjPÉ `caution, conscious'

UÀªÀĤ¸ÀÄ `to notice '

WÀ£ÀvÉ `dignity '

ZÀað¸ÀÄ `to discuss'

eÁÕ¥ÀPÀ `memory'

vÀ¥ÀÄà `mistake'

zÀAvÀPÀxÉ `mythological story'

¢£À ¤vÀå `daily'

Lesson 25/231

Lesson 25/233232/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

£ÀUÉ¥Ál®Ä `laughing stock'

¤WÀAlÄ `dictionary'

¤AiÀÄvÀPÁ°PÀ `periodicals'

¤gÀAvÀgÀ `constantly'

¤gÀÄvÁìºÀ `discourage'

¤±ÀÑAiÀÄ `determination'

£É£À¥ÀÄ `memory'

¥Àj¸ÀgÀ `environment'

¥ÀæAiÉÆÃd£À `usefulness'

¥ÁæxÀ«ÄPÀ `primary'

§gÀªÀtÂUÉ `writing'

¨Á°±À `childish'

¨sÀAiÀÄ `fear'

ªÀÄvÉÛ `again'

ªÀÄÆRð `fool'

ªÉÄZÀÄÑ `to appreciate'

«avÀæ `peculiar'

¸ÀAzÀ¨sÀð `incident'

¸ÀܽÃAiÀÄ `local'

¸À¤ßªÉñÀ `situation'

¸ÀA¥ÀPÀð `contact'

¸ÀªÀĸÉå `problem'

¸ÀAAiÀĪÀÄ `patience'

¸ÀgÀ¼À `simple'

¸Àj¥Àr¹PÉƼÀÄî `set right'

¸ÀȶָÀÄ `to create'

¸ÁªÀðd¤PÀ `general / public'

±À§Ý ̈ sÀAqÁgÀ `vocabulary '

ºÀAvÀ `stage'

»£Éß¯É `background'

ºÉÆAzÀÄ `to adjust' / 'to possess'

Part II / 235

PART II SCRIPT

Mostly hand movement in Kannada is anti clockwise. But there are stray instances where the clockwise movement is also seen. The letters in this book are arranged into a group on their shape similarity and contrastive perception. The arrow mark and the numbering show the beginning and the direction of the movement.

The consonant in kannada possess an inherant vowel - a. This is generally marked by (talakaTTu). But there are some letters which do not have talakaTTu. The pure consonant is marked by (halant)

- r consonant.

- r+a combination

ï

gÀ F

PÀ AiÀÄ gÀhÄ

o 1

2

oÀ1

2

31

2

34

4

2

1

31

2 4

3

1

2

3

4

5

gï

gÀ

" circle" otherwise known as "anuswara" indicates a nasal

consonant corresponding to the following consonant.

The words and sentences to practice.

Note that The above words and sentences are formed by

using the letters introduced in this lesson.

F is the only vowel introduced here.

This is the secondary sympbol of vowel F. The box

indicates the primary consonant. The combination of F with

consonants are realised in the following examples.

FgÀ PÀgÀ PÀAoÀ

F PÀgÀ

F PÀAoÀ

gï + F = jÃ

oï + F = pÃ

Pï + F = QÃ

AiÀiï + F = ¬ÄÃ

gÀhiï + F = jhÄÃ

Circle ra Tha ii

ka ya Jha

Ã

GROUP 2

The vowels introduced in this group are The

Secondary symbol of C ( ) is already dealt in the previous Àlesson. The secondary symbols of the other vowels are given below.

Words and sentences for Practice

C, D, G, H.

Part II / 237236/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

D Á ¯Á ¯ÁAiÀÄ

G Ä ®Ä PÁ®Ä

H Æ ®Æ D®ÆgÀÄ

D® D®AiÀÄ

®AiÀÄ PÁ®gÀ D D®AiÀÄ

HgÀÄ DPÀgÀ F HgÀÄ

PÁ® gÀÆ®Ä F D®AiÀÄ D HgÀ D®AiÀÄ

®1 D1

2

C1

2

G1

2

H1

2 3

Combine the following

gï + D = ____________

oï + D = ____________

Pï + D = ____________

AiÀiï + D = ____________

gÀhiï + D = ____________

¯ï + D = ____________

gï + G = ____________

oï + G = ____________

Pï + G = ____________

AiÀiï + G = ____________

gÀhiï + G = ____________

¯ï + G = ____________

gï + H = ____________

oï + H = ____________

Pï + H = ____________

AiÀiï + H = ____________

gÀhiï + H = ____________

¯ï + H = ____________

la a aa

u Uu

Part II / 239238/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

GROUP 3

No vowels in this group

Words and sentences for practice

Combine the following

zï + F = ____________

zsï + F = ____________

xï + F = ____________

qï + F = ____________

qsï + F = ____________

zï + D = ____________

zsï + D = ____________

xï + D = ____________

qï + D = ____________

qsï + D = ____________

zï + G = ____________

zsï + G = ____________

xï + G = ____________

qï + G = ____________

qsï + G = ____________

zï + H = ____________

zsï + H = ____________

xï + H = ____________

qï + H = ____________

qsï + H = ____________

zÀ1

2

zsÀ1

2

3xÀ1

2

4

3

qÀ1

3

2 qsÀ1

3

2

4

zÀqÀ zÁgÀ PÀAzÀ

PÀzÀ zÀÆgÀ DzsÁgÀ

gÀxÀ zÀAqÀ PÀqÀÆgÀÄ

F gÀxÀ HgÀ gÀxÀ

FgÀ gÁAiÀÄgÀ PÀAqÀ

GzÀAiÀÄ D®AiÀÄzÀ PÀzÀ PÀAqÀ

da dha tha

Da Dha

GROUP 4

The vowels introduced are . The Secondary

symbols are given below.

The combination of these secondary symbols with the consonants are given below.

J, K

Part II / 241240/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

J É ªÉ PÁ®ÄªÉ

K Éà ªÉà ªÉÃzÀ

ªï + J = ªÉ ªï + K = ªÉÃ

ªÀiï +J = ªÉÄ ªÀiï + K = ªÉÄÃ

bï + J = bÉ bï + K = bÉÃ

J1 K1

2

ªÀ1

2

ªÀÄ1

2

bÀ1

2

3

Words and sentences for practice

JqÀ JzÀÄgÀÄ D ªÀÄgÀ D®zÀ ªÀÄgÀ

ªÀÄgÀ gÀĪÀiÁ®Ä CzÀÄ CªÀgÀ gÀĪÀiÁ®Ä

bÀ® JPÀgÉ ªÀiÁzsÀÄ ªÀiÁAiÀĪÁzÀgÀÄ

ªÀgÀ PÁ®ÄªÉ

KPÀ

Observe the following combinations.

ªï + F = «Ã

ªÀiï + F = «ÄÃ

bï + F = cÃ

ªï + D = ªÁ

ªÀiï + D = ªÀiÁ

bï + D = bÁ

ªï + G = ªÀÅ

ªÀiï + G = ªÀÄÄ

bï + G = bÀÄ

e ee va

ma cha

GROUP 5

The vowel introduced here is is the combination of

a+i, which is normally called dipthong. The secondary symbol is given below :

The combination with other consonants :

L. L

Part II / 243242/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

L ÉÊ ¥ÉÊ ¥ÉÊgÀÄ

Words and sentences for practice

¥ÀzÀ CWÀ ¥ÁoÀ ¥sÉÃ®Ä ¥ÁAqÀªÀgÀÄ ¥ÀzÀPÀ

¥sÀ® GµÀ ¥ÉÊgÀÄ ¥sÀAqÀgÁ¥ÀÄgÀ ¥ÉÃ¥Àgï

D HgÀÄ ¥ÁAqÀªÀ¥ÀÄgÀ

gÁªÀÄ ¥ÀzÀ«ÃzsÀgÀ

CzÀÄ D ªÀÄgÀzÀ ¥sÀ®

Observe the following combinations :

¥ï + F ¦Ã

¥ï + D = ¥Á

¥ï + G = ¥ÀÅ

¥ï + H = ¥ÀÇ

¥ï + J = ¥É

¥ï + K = ¥ÉÃ

¥ï + L = ¥ÉÊ

=

µÀ1

4

¥À1

3

¥sÀ1

3

4

2253

1

4

5

3 2 L12

¥ï + L = ¥ÉÊ

¥sï + L = ¥sÉÊ

µï + L = µÉÊ

Wï + L = WÉÊ

pa pha sha

gha aee

GROUP 6

The vowels introduced here are is the

combination of a+u, which is a dipthong like L. The secondary

symbols are given below.

M, N, O. O

Part II / 245244/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

Words and sentences

MzÉ NqÀÄ PÀªÀÄ® MAzÀÄ ¥ÁoÀ NzÀÄ.

NzÀÄ OµÀzsÀ MAzÀÄ gÀÆ¥Á¬Ä PÉÆqÀÄ

d® doÀgÀ CzÀÄ CªÀgÀ N¯É.

Combine the following

gï + M = ___________gï + N = ___________gï + O = ___________¯ï + M = ___________¯ï + N = ___________¯ï + O = ___________AiÀiï + M = ___________AiÀiï + N = ___________eï + M = ___________eï + N = ___________eï + O = ___________ªÀiï + O = ___________ªï + M = ___________ªï + N = ___________ªï + O = ___________¥ï + N = ___________¥ï + O = ___________ªÀiï + M = ___________

M1

o

N1

oo

O2au

1

d1

ja

2

M ÉÆ PÉÆ PÉƯÉ

N ÉÆÃ PÉÆÃ PÉÆÃgÀÄ

O Ë PË PËgÀªÀ

GROUP 7

Words and sentences

Combine the following

¨ï + F = ___________

Zï + F = ___________

¨sï + D = ___________

Zï + N = ___________

Zï + D = ___________

Zï + M = ___________

¨ï + K = ___________

¨sï + G = ___________

Zï + H = ___________

eï + L = ___________

¨ï + O = ___________

¨sï + M = ___________

Part II / 247246/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

§1

ba

¨sÀ1

bha ca

3

2

ZÀ1

4

23

§PÀ ZÀgÀPÀ ZÀªÀÄZÀ gÁdÄ ¥ÁoÀ §gÉzÀ

¨sÀAiÀÄ ¨Á®PÀ ZÉAqÀÄ ªÀiÁªÀ ¨ÉÆA¨É PÉÆAqÀÄ PÉÆAqÀgÀÄ.

¨sÁªÀ ZÁ®PÀ ZËPÀ PÀªÀÄ® ¨sÀAiÀÄ¥ÀqÀ¨ÉÃqÀ

GROUP 8

Words and sentences for practice

Combine the following

mï + C = ___________

vï + D = ___________

mï + F = ___________

vï + F = ___________

mï + J = ___________

mï + K = ___________

vï + J = ___________

vï + M = ___________

mï + M = ___________

vï + O = ___________

mï + N = ___________

l1

Ta

vÀ1

ta

2

Dl vÀAzÉ mÁgÀÄ vÀjÃPÉgÉ

vÉÆÃl vÁvÀ mÉƪÉÄmÉÆ

Nl vÀl l¥Á®Ä vÁªÀgÉ

CzÀÄ gÁAiÀÄgÀ vÉÆÃl.

CAZÉAiÀÄ ¥ÉÃzÉ GµÉAiÀÄ l¥Á®Ä vÀAzÀ.

2

GROUP 9

The vowel in this lesson is . The secondary symbol is given

below :

Observe the following combinations :

gï + E = jªï + E = « AiÀiï + E = ¬Ä zï + E = ¢ uï + E = t mï + E = nvï + E = w

k is not used as a graphic representation.

"circle" when followed by palatal sounds functions as `k'

e.g. ZÀAZÀ®, ªÀÄAZÀ, PÀAZÀÄ.

Words and sentences for practice

EzÀÄ EgÀÄªÉ ªÀÄuÉ EªÀgÀÄ E° ¨sÀgÀt PÉÆÃuÉ EªÀgÀÄ EAzÀĪÀÄwAiÀÄ vÀAzÉ vÁ¬Ä.D Kt EªÀgÀzÀÄ.

E

Part II / 249248/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

E1

i

k1

na Na

3t1

E j PÀÄj

GROUP 10

Words and sentences for practice

Combine the following

Uï + F = ___________£ï + F = ___________¸ï + D = ___________Uï + M = ___________£ï + N = ___________¸ï + O = ___________£ï + J = ___________¸ï + K = ___________Uï + L = ___________Uï + E = ___________

UÀga

ªÀÄUÀ £ÀUÀ UÀgÀUÀ¸À UÀUÀ£À

¸ÀgÀ £Á¬Ä ¸ÀqÀUÀgÀ ¸ÀÄgÀ¸ÀÄAzÀj

¸ÀAUÀ £ÉÆÃl UÀAmÉ

ªÀÄAUÀ ¸ÁªÀÅ D¸É

CªÀ¤UÉ UÁ£ÀAiÉÆÃV JAzÀÄ ©gÀÄzÀÄ EzÉ.

EªÀ¤UÉ D ¹¤ªÀiÁ £ÉÆÃqÀ¨ÉÃPÉAzÀÄ D¸É.

ªÉÄʸÀÆgÀÄ ¸ÀÄAzÀgÀªÁzÀ £ÀUÀgÀ.

1

2 2

£Àna

1

2

¸Àsa

1

3

2

GROUP 11

Words and sentences for practice

ªÀÄ¼É ±Á®Ä ºÁ®Ä PÀ¼ÀAPÀ

D¼ÀÄ ±ÉÊ® ºÀƪÀÅ ºÀ¼À¢

§¼É ²Ã® ºÉüÀÄ PÀ¼À±À

±ËZÀ ºÉÆÃj ¸À±ÉõÀ

D ºÀ¸ÀÄ«£À ºÉ¸ÀgÀÄ UËj.

ªÀÄ¼É §AzÀgÉ ¨É¼É.

²²gÀ£À UɼÀw ±ÉÊ® ¸ÀÄAzÀj.

Observe the following combinations :

¼ï + F = ½Ã

±ï + D = ±Á

ºï + J = ºÉ

±ï + O = ±Ë

¼ï + L = ¼ÉÊ

ºï + N = ºÉÆÃ

ºï + E = »

Part II / 251250/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

¼À1

La

±ÀSa ha

ºÀ1

GROUP 12

IÄ is the vowel introduced in this group of letters. IÄ is a

Sanskrit borrowed sound found only in Sanskrit borrowed words. The secondary symbol is given below. Although it is treated as a vowel in traditional grammar it functions as a consonant.

Observe the follwoing combinations :

vï + IÄ = vÀÈ zï + IÄ = zÀÈ ¸ï + IÄ = ¸ÀÈ

Words and sentences for Practice.

RUÀ ±ÀAR IĶ ReÁ£É zÀÄBR RAqÀ PÀÈ¥À IÄvÀÄ vÀÈt IÄt¨sÁgÀ CAvÀBPÀgÀt

IÄvÀĪÀiÁ£À CAvÀB¥ÀÄgÀ

visarga has the ̀ ah' sound value

PÀȶ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀªÀ£ÀÄ PÀȶPÀ. ¨sÁgÀvÀ zÉñÀzÀ gÁdzsÁ¤ zɺÀ°. vÉãÀ¹AUÀ UËj ±ÀAPÀgÀ ²RgÀ KjzÀ. ¥sÀÇ®£ï zÉë qsÀPÁ¬ÄvÀgÀ gÁtÂ.

Rkha

1 IÄri

4

3

B"Visarga"

2 2

1

2

2

2

IÄ È PÀÈ PÀȶ

Primary letters along with the secondary symbols of vowels are introduced so far. Now let us see the secondary symbols of the consonants. The secondary symbols of the consonants are also grouped into three categories. viz.,

1. The secondary symbols similar to the primary letters but smaller in size.

2. The secondary symbols which show a little deviant forms from that of the primary ones.

3. The secondary symbols which have completely different shape from that of the primary ones.

The secondary symbols of the consonants are written below the primary letters.

Group I

eï + d = dÓ CdÓ

mï + l = lÖ ¨ÉlÖ

uï + t = tÚ CtÚ

¨ï + § = §â ºÀ§â

ªï + ªÀ = ªÀé CªÀé

CfÓ, PÀnÖUÉ, PÀtÄÚ, PÀ§Äâ, vÉƪÉé

ªÀÄfÓUÉ, ºÉÆmÉÖ, ¨ÉuÉÚ, ¨ÉƨÉâ, ¸ÀĪÁé°.

Part II / 253252/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

CfÓ CdÓ¤UÉ PÀeÁÓAiÀÄ ªÀiÁrzÀ¼ÀÄ.

QnÖ PÉÆý ªÉÆmÉÖ vÀAzÀÄ PÉÆlÖ.

MAzÀÄ PÀtÂÚUÉ ̈ ÉuÉÚ, MAzÀÄ PÀtÂÚUÉ ̧ ÀÄtÚ.

¸Àħ⠺À§âzÀ UÀ¯ÁmÉ PÉý vÀ©â¨ÁâzÀ.

CªÀé ̧ ÀÄ«é ̧ ÀĪÀé¯Á° JAzÀÄ ºÁrzÀ¼ÀÄ.

Group II

Pï + PÀ = PÀÌ CPÀÌ

Uï + UÀ = UÀÎ ºÀUÀÎ

Zï + ZÀ = ZÀÑ ºÀÄZÀÑ

qï + qÀ = qÀØ zÀqÀØ

zï + zÀ = zÀÝ ¥ÉzÀÝ

¼ï + ¼À = ¼Àî PÀ¼Àî

¥ï + ¥À = ¥Àà vÀÄ¥Àà

¸ï + ¸À = ¸Àì §¸ÀÄì

ªÀÄPÀ̼ÀÄ, ªÀÄUÀÎ, ªÉÄZÀÄÑ, UÀqÀØ, UÀzÀÝ®, ¸ÀļÀÄî, C¥Àà, ªÀÄ£À¸ÀÄì,

¸ÀPÀÌgÉ, £ÀÄUÉÎÃPÁ¬Ä, CZÀÑj, PÀqÁØAiÀÄ, ºÀzÀÄÝ, ¨É¼ÀÄî½î, PÀ¥ÀÄà.

CPÀÌ£À ªÀÄPÀ̽UÉ ZÀPÀÄÌ° ¨ÉÃPÀÄ.

UÀÄUÀÄÎ vÀVÎ §VÎ £ÀqÉAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ PÀ°vÀ.

ºÀÄZÀÑ¥Àà ºÀÄZÀÄÑZÁÑV ªÀiÁvÁrzÀ.

zÀÄrØzÀݪÀ£ÀÄ §rØ zÀÄqÀÄØ PÀÆr¹ zÉÆqÀتÀ£ÁzÀ.

¥ÉzÀÝ ¥É¢Ý ªÀÄÄzÉÝ wAzÀÄ ©zÀÝA©Ã¼À NrzÀgÀÄ.

PÀ¼Àî ¸ÀļÀÄî ºÉýzÀ.

C¥Àà ºÀ¥Àà¼À wAzÀÄ ¸À¥Éà JAzÀgÀÄ.

£À£ÀUÉ vÀ¥À¸ÀÄì ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀPÉÌ ªÀÄ£À¸ÀÄì ¨ÁgÀzÀÄ.

Part II / 255254/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

Group III

vï + vÀ = vÀÛ PÀvÀÛj

£ï + £À = £Àß PÀ£ÀßqÀ

ªÀiï + ªÀÄ = ªÀÄä vÀªÀÄä

AiÀiï + AiÀÄ = AiÀÄå CAiÀÄå

¯ï + ® = ®è ¨É®è

vÀÄvÀÆÛj, ªÀÄ£ÀßuÉ, ¸ÀĪÀÄä£É, PÀAiÀiÁågÉ, PÀ®Äè, PÀvÀÛ®Ä,

ªÀÄ£ÀßuÉ, ZÀªÀiÁägÀ, §AiÀÄÄå, PÀ®èAUÀr.

PÀvÉÛ §®èzÉ PÀ¸ÀÆÛjAiÀÄ ªÁ¸À£ÉAiÀÄ ?

§£Áßj C£Àß w£ÀßzÉ MAzÀÄ ªÁgÀ D¬ÄvÀÄ.

vÀªÀÄäAiÀÄå ¸ÀĪÀÄä ¸ÀĪÀÄä£É £ÀPÀÌ.

CªÀÄäAiÀÄå ªÀAiÀiÁågÀ¢AzÀ GAiÀiÁå¯ÉAiÀÄ°è PÀĽvÀ¼ÀÄ.

ªÀÄ°è ºÀt PÀ¼ÉzÀÄPÉÆAqÀÄ C°è E°è ºÀÄqÀÄQzÀ¼ÀÄ.

The secondary symbols are given below with directions. Û1 ß1

ä1

å1

è1

The homegeneous clusters of the consonants were introduced so far. Now let us see the heterogeneous clusters. Whenever the cluster is pronounced, the first pronounced letter will be the primary one and then followed is a secondary one.

eï + ªÀ = dé dégÀ

¨ï + d = §Ó PÀħÓ

µÀ + t = µÀÚ PÀȵÀÚ

Uï + § = Uïâ ªÁUÀâ®

eï + k = dÕ CdÕ

eÁé¯É, C§Ó, «µÀÄÚ, CPÀâgï, «eÁÕ¤, ¸ÀégÀ, ¸ÀȶÖ.

PÀȵÀÚ ¸Áé«ÄUÉ dégÀ §A¢zÉ.

«µÀÄÚ PÀȵÀÚ£ÁV CªÀvÀj¹zÀ.

D qÁPÀÖgÀÄ vÀÄA¨Á M¼ÉîAiÀĪÀgÀÄ.

vÀdÕgÁzÀ «eÁÕ¤UÀ¼ÀÄ ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ°è EzÁÝgÉ.

vï + PÀ = vÀÌ ¸ÀvÁÌgÀ

qï + UÀ = qÀÎ RqÀÎ

±ï + ZÀ = ±ÀÑ ¤±ÀÑAiÀÄ

Zï + bÀ = ZÀÒ GZÀÒ

zï + zsÀ = zÀÞ GzÁÞgÀ

256/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

Please note that the aspirated (mahaprana) consonant can never appear as primary consonant in a cluster. It always appears as secondary memeber.

£ÀªÀĸÁÌgÀ, GzÁÞgÀ, ¤µÉ×, GvÁÜ£À, ªÁUÁÝ£À, GzÀãªÀ, ¥ÀQë, GvÀìªÀ, ̧ ÀvÀá®, ¥À²ÑªÀÄ, GvÀàwÛ, ¥ÀĵÀà, vÀvÀìªÀÄ.

gÁdPÁgÀtÂUÀ¼ÀÄ §qÀªÀgÀ GzÁÞgÀzÀ ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁrzÀgÀÄ.

¸ÀzÀÄÎgÀÄ ºÀÄZÀÄÑ GzÁÎgÀ vÉUÉzÀgÀÄ.

CªÀjUÉ ¸ÀvÁÌgÀ ªÀiÁrzÀgÉ £ÀªÀÄUÉ ¸ÀªÀĸÁÌgÀ ºÉüÀÄvÁÛgÉ.

CªÀ¼À GZÁÑgÀ PÉý ªÀÄ®AiÀiÁ½AiÉÄAzÀÄ ¤²Ñ¹zÉ.

¸ï + vÀ = vÀì GvÀìªÀ

Uï + £ÀÀ = UÀß ®UÀß

zï + ªÀÄ = zÀä ¥ÀzÀä

uï + AiÀÄ = tå £Átå

ªÀiï + gÀ = ªÀÄæ vÁªÀÄæ

gï + AiÀÄ = AiÀÄð gÀå ¸ÀÆAiÀÄð / ¸ÀÆgÀå

¥ÀæPÀÈw, gÀPÀÛ, gÀvÀß, gÀÄQätÂ, ¥ÀÄtå, PÁAiÀÄð

Note that gÀ has two secondary symbols.

Part II / 257

gÀ ð æ

occurs after the primary consonant in pronunciation eg.

taamra vÁªÀÄæ.

occurs before the primary consonant in pronunciation. eg. Surya ̧ ÀÆAiÀÄð. This can also be written as ̧ ÀÆgÀå.

but one must be careful in writing words like CgÀàuÉ

(C¥ÀðuÉ). If `gÀ' becomes smaller in size, then it looks

odd.

£ÀªÀÄä ̧ ÀÄvÀÛªÀÄÄvÀÛ gÀPÀÛ ¹PÀÛ ºÀ¸ÀÛUÀ¼Éà EªÉ.

gÀvÀß½UÉ ®UÀßzÀ ¥ÀæAiÀÄvÀß ªÀiÁrzÀgÀÄ.

¥ÀzÀä½UÉ ¥ÀgÀªÀiÁvÀä£À°è £ÀA©PÉ E®è.

¸ÀvÀå - C¸ÀvÀå, £ÁåAiÀÄ - C£ÁåAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ zÉêÀjUÉ UÉÆvÀÄÛ.

DªÀÄèd£ÀPÀ fêÀªÁAiÀÄÄ.

EAzÀæ ZÀAzÀæ ̧ ÉÃj vÁªÀÄæzÀ ZÉÆA§Ä vÀAzÀgÀÄ

¸ÀPÁðj D¦üù£À°è ªÀÄAiÀiÁðzɬÄAzÀ ªÀiÁvÁrzÀgÉ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼ÀÄ £ÉgÀªÉÃgÀĪÀÅ¢®è.

Three clusters are seen in Sanskrit borrowed words. But they are less in numbers. A few words are given below for example.

wÃPÀë÷Ú, C¸Ààø±Àå, ªÀÄvÀìöå, gÁµÀÖç

GzsÀéðUÁ«Ä, ̧ ÀA¸ÀÌøw, ¹ÛçÃ

258/Kannada A Self Instructional Course

æ

ð

Though the vowel sound occurs lost in a three consonant cluster unit like gÁµÀÖç, ¹Ûçà etc., the written representation has the vowel

symbol added to the first consonant and the other two written below the primary letter in the order in which they are pronounced.

Letters of the Kannada alphabet in the traditional order

ªÀtðªÀiÁ¯É

C D E F G H IÄ J K L M N O CA CB

PÀ R UÀ WÀ Y

ZÀ bÀ d gÀhÄ k

l oÀ qÀ qsÀ t

vÀ xÀ zÀ zsÀ £À

¥À ¥sÀ § ̈ sÀ ªÀÄ

AiÀÄ gÀ ® ªÀ ±À µÀ ̧ À ºÀ ¼À

`Y' is not introduced as it is not functional in its full form.

Lesson II /259