o2.3 report on current training skills of educators in...

Education for zero energy

Buildings using Building

Information Modelling Grant Agreement: 600946-EPP-1-2018-1-IE-EPPKA2-KA

O2.3 Report on current

training skills of educators

in HEIs and VETs

Issued by University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil

Engineering

Date: 2020-04-07

Version: V 1.2.

Report number O-2.3

Task number: Task 2.2

Status: Final

Dissemination level: Public

Education for zero energy Buildings

using Building Information Modelling

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BIMzeED– 600946-EPP-1-2018-1-IE-EPPKA2-KA

O2.3 Report on current training skills of educators in HEIs and VETs

Approved on behalf of UZ-FCE as BIMzeED Lead WP

Name: prof. Ivana Burcar Dunović

Organisation: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering UZ-FCE

Date: 2020/04/07

Signature:

Approved on behalf of LIT as BIMzeED Project Coordinator

Name: Elisabeth O’Brien

Organisation: Limerick Institute of Technology LIT

Date: 2020/04/01

Signature:

Document history

V Date Organisation Author Description

1.0 2019/11/26 UZ-FCE IBD Initial version

1.1 2.3.2020 UZ-FCE IBD Version 3

1.2 7.4.2020. UZ-FCE IBD FINAL

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7



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Disclaimer

The information in this document is provided as is and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information

is fit for any particular purpose. The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and liability.

The document reflects only the author’s views and the Community is not liable for any use that may be

made of the information contained therein.



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Authors:

asoc.prof. Ivana Burcar Dunovic, assist.prof. Bojan Milovanovic, prof. Ivana Banjad Pecur, Ivana Carevic,

Sanjin Gumbarevic, Marina Bagaric, (University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering UZ-FCE)

English proofread:

Elisabeth O’Brien (Limerick Institute of Technology LIT)



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Contents

1 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 6

2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 7

3 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................... 7

4 The existing background, specialization, expertise and experience ..........................................................................11

5 Skills requirements with emphasis on BIM and nZEB, and other AI understandings .................................................16

6 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................................................30

7 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................32



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1 Executive Summary

The report collates the information from the survey and provide an overview both nationally and at EU level on

the following:

1. The existing qualifications of educators, educational background, specialisation, experience;

2. Skills requirements with emphasis on BIM and nZEB, and other AI understandings.

The aim of the report is to provide additional knowledge for educators working in the construction field at HEIs

and VETs to ensure continuous training and develop economical sustainable solutions using BIM to achieve

nZEB in the construction sector.

The level and type of input from other HEIs and VETs to the training programmes is also discussed.



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2 Introduction

Within Task T.2.3 Training Needs Analysis the research aimed to review the training needs of the construction

industry for a number of categories: general operatives, apprentices, craftworkers, site managers, managers and

current students in higher education. Outcomes will be determined for levels, type and need of trainings both for

the short and long term.

The training needs of the educators is also assessed to determine their level of skill and knowledge for BIM with

nZEB trainings.

To carry out this analysis, UZ-FCE and TEA developed the framework for analysing the data.

This task involves desktop research, surveys and reporting using the following method:

on-line research of training needs in the construction industry and educators at HEIs and VETs in partner countries.

questionnaires/survey assessing training needs of workers in SMEs and industry (10 SMEs and 25 Industry stakeholders per country – 140 in total) and educators in HEIs and VETs (15 per country – 60 in total)

The results of the on-line research of training needs was reported in Deliverable O2.1.

3 Methodology In order to assess training needs we needed to establish a framework of skills of BIM for nZEB. Literature review showed that there is no existing framework but there are skills and knowledge frameworks for both areas separate. Therefore, first part research was to determine the overlapping part of each framework.

For nZEB skills the PROF/TRAC framework was used and for BIM the BIM knowledge and skills framework developed by BuildingSmart Australia was used. PROF/TRAC framework identified 4 groups of skills: nZEB skills identified: (Figure 1)

Energy Management (EM)

Energy Production (EP)

Energy Reduction (ER)

Interdisciplinary Skills (IS)



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Figure 1 PROF/TRAC nZEB skills framework

Each group had a sub-group of skills for:

General

Predesign

Design

Tendering and contracting

Realisation

Commissioning

Use/maintain BIM skills framework have also skills grouped according to project phases: (Figure 2)

1.000 Introduction

2.000 Start Up

3.000 Initiation

4.000 Planning

5.000 Execution / Operation

6.000 Monitoring And Controlling

7.000 Closeout / Handover / Commission



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Each Knowledge group is divided in several Process Groups and the skills and knowledge is connected to concept which is explained by descriptors.(Figure 2)

Figure 2 Example of BIM skills and knowledge framework

After identifying these two areas of skills (BIM and nZEB) we invited BIMzeED National Steering Group (NSG)

to act as expert group to prioritize skills specific to the overlapping area of BIM and NZEB. We also engaged

the NSG to identify training skills of educators, since most of educators from both areas were invited to join the

group.

Figure 3 Research questions for identifying overlapping skills for nZEB and BIM

Priority analysis was used to select important skills in BIM and nZEB, which was then used to identify training

needs in the construction industry and to evaluate current training skills of educators involved in construction

studies. Expert group members assessed the importance of each skill by answering two questions in the

Figure 3. BIM skills were assessed how important are they for nZEB design, and nZEB skills were assessed

how important is BIM for improving nZEB skills. Skills that have importance equal and greater than average

importance of the each group were selected for further research. (Error! Not a valid bookmark self-

reference.)



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Figure 4 Research design map



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4 The existing background, specialization, expertise and

experience

A Survey was conducted on 60 specialists in total, 25 from Croatia, 1 from England, 11 from Ireland, 15 from

Spain 1 from Belgium and 7 from Hungary (Figure 5). Respondents were mostly members of National Steering

Groups NSGs, and respondents from survey who indicated that they are educators or experts in the fields of

BIM and nZEB. The respondents are predominantly highly experienced with more than 10 years of experience

(Figure 6). Mostly, they are experts in architecture, energy evaluation, project management, green

building/NZEB/passive house, whole life cycle costs, recycled materials and renewable sources of energy

production (Figure 8).

25

1

11

15

1

7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Croatia England Ireland Spain Belgium Hungary

Count of What country are you coming from?

Figure 5 Country profile of respondents

Figure 6 Total working experience of respondents

26,67%

8,33%

13,33%

1,67%

45,00%

3,33%

1,67%

0,00% 5,00% 10,00% 15,00% 20,00% 25,00% 30,00% 35,00% 40,00% 45,00% 50,00%

10-20 years

2-5 years

5-10 years

Less than 2 years

more than 20 years

less than 5 years

0

Count of What is your total working experience?



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Figure 7 Field of expertise in all countries

13,98%

2,69%

0,54%

4,84%3,23%

13,44%

5,91%

0,54%

5,91%

0,54%

9,68%

13,44%

0,54%

5,91%7,53%

3,76% 3,23%4,30%

0,00%

2,00%

4,00%

6,00%

8,00%

10,00%

12,00%

14,00%

16,00%

Field of expertise in all coutries

Total



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Figure 8 Field of expertise by countries

0,54%5,91%

1,08%3,23%

4,84%2,15%

0,54%0,54%

2,15%4,30%

1,08%2,15%

2,69%0,54%

2,69%0,54%0,54%0,54%0,54%0,54%0,54%0,54%

1,08%0,54%

1,08%3,23%

1,61%3,76%3,76%

2,15%1,61%

3,76%0,54%

2,15%0,54%

3,76%1,08%

0,54%1,61%

3,23%0,54%0,54%0,54%

1,61%4,30%

0,54%2,15%

0,54%0,54%0,54%

1,08%2,69%

1,08%0,54%

1,61%1,61%

0,54%1,61%

2,15%0,54%0,54%

0,00% 1,00% 2,00% 3,00% 4,00% 5,00% 6,00% 7,00%

Architecture

Construction management

Energy evaluation

Energy policy

Green building/nZEB/passive house design

Recycled materials

Structural analysis

Whole life cycle costs

Energy evaluation


Recycled materials

Architecture


Energy management systems


Recycled materials

Structural analysis


BIM


Energy management systems

Energy reduction systems

Project management

Recycled materials

Structural analysis


BIM

Energy evaluation

Energy reduction systems

Project management

Renewable sources of energy production

B el gi u mC

roat

iaEn

glan

dIr

elan

dSp

ain

Hu

nga

ryField of expertise by countries



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Figure 9 Experience in BIM and NZEB implementation by countries

Respondents have experience at implementing nZEB principles and they do have experience in implementing

BIM projects (Figure 9). Figure 10 shows that there is 80% of respondents that have experience in implementing

either BIM and nZEB principles in projects and 50% have experience in both BIM and nZEB.

5,00

%

5,00

%

8,33

%

3,33

%

20,0

0%

1,6

7%

5,00

%

3,33

%

1,6

7% 8,

33%

10,0

0%

5,00

% 10,0

0%

1,6

7%

1,6

7% 6,6

7%

3,33

%

0,00%

5,00%

10,00%

15,00%

20,00%

25,00%

1-2

pro

ject

s

3-5

pro

ject

s

5-10

pro

ject

s

mo

re t

han

10

pro

ject

s

No

exp

erie

nce

inn

ZEB

mo

re t

han

10

pro

ject

s

0

1-2

pro

ject

s

5-10

pro

ject

s

mo

re t

han

10

pro

ject

s

0

3-5

pro

ject

s

No

exp

erie

nce

inn

ZEB

0

1-2

pro

ject

s

mo

re t

han

10

pro

ject

s

No

exp

erie

nce

inn

ZEB


Count of How many projects have you worked on that implemented nZEB/green building/passive house principles?

3,33%5,00%

10,00%

3,33%

20,00%

1,67%1,67%1,67%5,00%

1,67%

8,33%

1,67%3,33%

10,00%

5,00%5,00%1,67%

3,33%1,67%

5,00%1,67%

0,00%

5,00%

10,00%

15,00%

20,00%

25,00%

1-2

pro

ject

s

5-10

pro

ject

s

mo

re t

han

10

pro

ject

s

3-5

pro

ject

s

No

exp

erie

nce

in B

IM

No

exp

erie

nce

in B

IM

2-5

pro

ject

s

5-10

pro

ject

s

mo

re t

han

10

pro

ject

s

3-5

pro

ject

s

No

exp

erie

nce

in B

IM

2-5

pro

ject

s

5-10

pro

ject

s

mo

re t

han

10

pro

ject

s

3-5

pro

ject

s

No

exp

erie

nce

in B

IM

5-10

pro

ject

s

1-2

pro

ject

s

2-5

pro

ject

s

mo

re t

han

10

pro

ject

s

No

exp

erie

nce

in B

IM


Count of How many projects have you worked on using BIM?



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Figure 10 Experience of respondents in implementing both BIM and NZEB In projects

With this survey BIMzeED wanted to understand how they acquired their knowledge. As seen in the results in

Figure 11 respondents mostly acquired their knowledge after their formal education, it any, in both fields.

Figure 11 Results on respondent’s lifelong education

3,33%1,67%1,67%1,67%

3,33%1,67%

3,33%3,33%3,33%

6,67%

1,67%

8,33%

1,67%

11,67%

1,67%1,67%

6,67%

1,67%3,33%

5,00%6,67%

5,00%

15,00%

0,00%2,00%4,00%6,00%8,00%

10,00%12,00%14,00%16,00%

1-2

pro

ject

s

5-10

pro

ject

s

mo

re t

han

10

pro

ject

s

1-2

pro

ject

s

No

exp

erie

nce

in n

ZEB

1-2

pro

ject

s

mo

re t

han

10

pro

ject

s 0

No

exp

erie

nce

in n

ZEB

3-5

pro

ject

s

5-10

pro

ject

s

mo

re t

han

10

pro

ject

s 0

No

exp

erie

nce

in n

ZEB

1-2

pro

ject

s

5-10

pro

ject

s 0

1-2

pro

ject

s

3-5

pro

ject

s

5-10

pro

ject

s

mo

re t

han

10

pro

ject

s 0

No

exp

erie

nce

in n

ZEB

1-2 projects 2-5projects

5-10 projects more than 10 projects 3-5 projects No experience in BIM

Count of How many projects have you worked on that implemented nZEB/green building/passive house principles and BIM?

11,67%

21,67%

26,67%

8,33%

15,00%

1,67% 1,67%

13,33%

0,00%

5,00%

10,00%

15,00%

20,00%

25,00%

30,00%

I am

ed

ucat

or

for

nZE

B

I am

sel

f-th

ou

ght

usi

ng

inte

rnet

tut

ori

als

I did

no

t re

ceiv

e an

yed

uca

tio

n o

r tr

aini

ng

I re

ceiv

ed c

ou

rse

du

rin

gm

y fo

rmal

ed

uca

tio

n

I rec

eive

d t

rain

ing

afte

rm

y fo

rmal

ed

uca

tio

n

I wo

rk o

n r

egu

lati

ons

for

nZEB

nev

er h

eard

of

it

nZE

B is

my

expe

rtis

ear

ea

Count of Have you received any education or training on NZEB during your formal or life long

education?

14,89%

25,53%

10,64%

29,79%

6,38%

12,77%

0,00%

5,00%

10,00%

15,00%

20,00%

25,00%

30,00%

35,00%

BIM

is m

y ex

per

tise

area

I am

ed

ucat

or

for

BIM

I am

sel

f-th

ou

ght

usi

ng

inte

rnet

tut

ori

als

I did

no

t re

ceiv

e an

yed

uca

tio

n o

r tr

aini

ng

I re

ceiv

ed a

co

urs

ed

uri

ng

my

form

aled

uca

tio

n

I rec

eive

d t

rain

ing

afte

rm

y fo

rmal

ed

uca

tio

n

Count of Have you received any education or training on BIM during your formal or life

long education?



P a g e | 16



5 Skills requirements with emphasis on BIM and nZEB, and other

AI understandings

As it was stated in the Introduction, BIMzeED employed the expertise of the NSG to identify relevant parts from

both of the skills frameworks, for nZEB and BIM. The NSG consisted of representatives from education, industry

and experts. They identified the importance of each nZEB skill and how this can be improved by using BIM, and

which BIM skills require improvement to achieve nZEB projects design/delivery.

Below is list of nZEB and BIM knowledge and skills.

Table 1 NZEB skills and knowledge

General nZEB

group of skills

and knowledge

NZEB 1.1. [Understand influence of heating and cooling generation on energy performance]

NZEB 1.2. [Understand specifics and basic parameters of heating and cooling ]

NZEB 1.3. [Understand different energy production systems in relation to energy performance]

NZEB 1.4. [Understand importance of energy reduction systems in relation to energy

performance]

NZEB 1.5. [Understand the impact of architectural design on sustainability and energy

performance]

NZEB 1.6. [Understand integrated design processes and concepts]

NZEB 1.7. [Understand the interaction of building location, design, use and outdoor climate]

NZEB 1.8. [Understand sustainable materials and the importance of its appropriate

application]

NZEB 1.9. [Understand sustainable building technologies and appropriate application]

NZEB 1.10. [Understand the interaction between energy performance and IEQ]

NZEB 1.11. [Understand design methods for passive energy technologies]

NZEB 1.12. [Understand effective communication within projects aimed to achieve nZEB]

NZEB 1.13. [Understand interdisciplinary teamwork towards common goals]

Pre-design nZEB

group of skills

and knowledge

NZEB 2.1. [Perform energy simulations]

NZEB 2.2. [Perform a feasibility study]

NZEB 2.3. [Assess systems related to building function and architecture]

NZEB 2.4. [Investigate, determine and advise on energy reduction systems to reach nZEB]

NZEB 2.5. [Select sustainable constructions technologies and materials]

NZEB 2.6. [Design passive energy measures]

NZEB 2.7. [Define and communicatie integrated design goals]

NZEB 2.8. [Knowledge on various installation materials, their performance, benefits versus

costs]

NZEB 2.9. [Understand performance, benefits and costs of various technologies]



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NZEB 2.10. [Understand application of passive or active technologies]

NZEB 2.11. [Present the design and reach consensus on decisions.]

Design nZEB

group of skills

and knowledge

NZEB 3.1. [Design and engineer energy reduction systems to reach nZEB]

NZEB 3.2. [Design of an architectural sustainable building (including sustainable and flexible

floorplan)]

NZEB 3.3. [Evaluate the integrated design]

NZEB 3.4. [Select sustainable materials and technologies in nZEB design]

NZEB 3.5. [Use of information modelling in design teams and management of information

modelling within the nZEB design]

Tendering/contra

cting nZEB group

of skills and

knowledge

NZEB 4.1. [Specify energy reduction systems in tender documents]

NZEB 4.2. [Define performance of materials in tender documents]

NZEB 4.3. [Communicate in contracting phase, understand and respect the role of all actors

involved.]

Realization and

Commissioning

nZEB group of

skills and

knowledge

NZEB 5.1. [Quality assurance of different energy production systems]

NZEB 5.2. [Quality assurance of energy reduction systems]

NZEB 5.3. [Coordinate the project team to ensure building quality]

NZEB 5.4. [Quality assurance of sustainable materials]

NZEB 5.5. [Coordinate contractors and suppliers by effective communication]

NZEB 5.6 [Communicate with customers on construction progress and effectuation of building

performance]

NZEB 5.7. [Manage data, keep records of implementation, monitor outcome.]

NZEB 5.8. [Financial management]

NZEB 5.9 [Monitor project realisation and handle deviations]

Use and

maintaining nZEB

group of skills

and knowledge

NZEB 6.1. [Ensure optimal use of different energy production systems]

NZEB 6.2. [Communicate the appropriate use and maintenance of different energy production

systems]

NZEB 6.3. [Instruct the facility manager on running and maintaining the buildings energy

performance]

NZEB 6.4. [Ensure optimal maintenance of materials and technologies]

NZEB 6.5. [Communication with suppliers and facility employers on energy performance]

NZEB 6.6. [Instruct users and facility managers on energy performance of the building]

NZEB 6.7. [Monitor building performance]



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Table 2 BIM skills and knowledge

Introduction to BIM BIM 1.1. [What is BIM?]

BIM 1.2. [Industry Scope (definition and application)]

BIM 1.3. [BIM Requirements and Market Value]

BIM 1.4. [Impacts to Stakeholder Relationships]

BIM 1.5. [Impacts to Asset and Facilities Management]

BIM 1.6. [Impacts to Cost Models (Billing Model)]

Group of BIM

knowledge and skills -

Project startup

BIM 2.1. [Project Performance Requirements]

BIM 2.2. [Project Roles and Responsibilities - Contractual Hierarchy]

BIM 2.3. [Project Collaboration Requirements]

BIM 2.4. [Project Procurement Model Requirements]

BIM 2.5. [Delivery Model (Contract)]

BIM 2.6. [BIM Protocols]

BIM 2.7. [Employers Information Requirements - EIR]

BIM 2.8. [BIM Management Plan (BMP) - Pre Contract]

BIM 2.9. [Additional BIM Use: Specialised and or Expert requirements]

BIM 2.10. [BIM Maturity Level]

BIM 2.11. [Statement of Requirements (SOR) or Statement of Work (SOR)]

BIM 2.12. [BIM Dimensions]

BIM 2.13. [BIM Uses]

BIM 2.14. [BIM Detail / Development Levels]

BIM 2.15. [Add: Environmental / Innovation Claims]

Group of BIM


Tendering

BIM 3.1. [Pre Contract Planning: BIM Management Plan (BMP)]

BIM 3.2. [BIM Examples]

BIM 3.3. [BIM LOD]

BIM 3.4. [Design Model Review]

BIM 3.5. [Design Model Estimations - Constructability]

BIM 3.6. [Design Model Interpretation]

BIM 3.7. [Evaluation and assessment of BIM deliverables, requirements, expectations

and weighting]

Group of BIM


Initiation (Integration

and Communication)

BIM 4.1. [Market Demand]

BIM 4.2. [Business Need]

BIM 4.3. [Technological Advancement]

BIM 4.4. [BIM Roles and Responsibilities]

Group of BIM


Planning (Integration)

BIM 5.1. [BIM Agreement]

BIM 5.2. [Information communication Framework]

BIM 5.3. [Information coordination]

BIM 5.4. [Classification Systems]

BIM 5.5. [BIM Requirements]



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BIM 5.6. [Software Interoperability]

BIM 5.7. [Data Repository]

BIM 5.8. [BIM Workflow]

BIM 5.9. [Scope Management and Control]

Group of BIM


Planning (Scope,

Time, Cost, Quality,

Risks)

BIM 6.1. [Delivery Management - Models]

BIM 6.2. [Project Interactions - Model Use]

BIM 6.3. [Time / Programme Forecasting - 4D]

BIM 6.4. [Formal Cost Plans - Technology Integration]

BIM 6.5. [Quality Checking - Standards]

BIM 6.6. [Quality Checking - Design]

BIM 6.7. [BIM Quality plan]

BIM 6.8. [Model Checking]

BIM 6.9. [Construction Optimisation]

BIM 6.10. [Material / Element Tracking]

BIM 6.11. [Construction Progress Tracking]

BIM 6.12. [Construction Coordination - Clash Simulation]

Group of BIM


Monitoring and

Controlling

BIM 7.1. [Sustainability reporting and testing]

BIM 7.2. [Performance based analysis]

BIM 7.3. [Construction Coordination - Clash Simulation]

BIM 7.4. [Delivery Management - Cost Mapping - 5D]

BIM 7.5. [Time / Programme Forecasting - 4D]

Group of BIM


Execution/Operation

BIM 8.1. [BIM Management Plan - Post Contract]

BIM 8.2. [Model Coordination - Clash Simulation]

BIM 8.3. [Model Coordination - Availability]

BIM 8.4. [Model Coordination - Common Data Environment]

BIM 8.5. [Collaborative Workflows - Native and Non-Native Applications]

BIM 8.6. [Expectations of BIM]

BIM 8.7. [Information Distribution]

BIM 8.8. [Change Process - Design Model Change Registry]

BIM 8.9. [As-Built Validation]

In the following graphs results of respondents self-assessment in nZEB field are presented.



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26,7%

25,0%

25,0%

25,0%

25,0%

25,0%

26,7%

25,0%

25,0%

26,7%

26,7%

25,0%

25,0%

10,0%

11,7%

8,3%

6,7%

8,3%

10,0%

10,0%

10,0%

10,0%

15,0%

11,7%

18,3%

10,0%

21,7%

18,3%

23,3%

15,0%

10,0%

15,0%

11,7%

13,3%

20,0%

21,7%

21,7%

13,3%

16,7%

10,0%

15,0%

15,0%

13,3%

20,0%

16,7%

13,3%

16,7%

13,3%

8,3%

10,0%

5,0%

8,3%

16,7%

15,0%

10,0%

16,7%

15,0%

13,3%

18,3%

13,3%

13,3%

8,3%

13,3%

20,0%

16,7%

15,0%

15,0%

18,3%

23,3%

21,7%

20,0%

20,0%

21,7%

18,3%

20,0%

16,7%

18,3%

23,3%

[Understand influence of heating and cooling generation on energyperformance]

[Understand specifics and basic parameters of heating and cooling ]

[Understand different energy production systems inrelation to energyperformance]

[Understand importance of energy reduction systems in relation toenergy performance]

[Understand the impact of architectural design on sustainablity andenergy performance]

[Understand integrated design processes and concepts]

[Understand the interaction of building location, design, use andoutdoor climate]

[Understand sustainable materials and the importance of itsappropriate application]

[Understand sustainable building technologies and appropriateapplication]

[Understand the interaction between energy performance and IEQ]

[Understand design methods for passive energy technologies]

[Understand effective communication within projects aimed toachieve nZEB]

[Understand interdisciplinary teamwork towards common goals]

General nZEB group skills and knowledge

0 1 2 3 4 5



P a g e | 21



26,7%

26,7%

28,3%

26,7%

26,7%

26,7%

26,7%

26,7%

26,7%

26,7%

26,7%

25,0%

25,0%

23,3%

21,7%

15,0%

18,3%

18,3%

10,0%

8,3%

11,7%

15,0%

11,7%

15,0%

16,7%

16,7%

18,3%

23,3%

16,7%

18,3%

21,7%

15,0%

18,3%

16,7%

13,3%

6,7%

6,7%

15,0%

5,0%

11,7%

15,0%

18,3%

21,7%

8,3%

11,7%

10,0%

11,7%

13,3%

8,3%

15,0%

15,0%

15,0%

11,7%

13,3%

16,7%

8,3%

10,0%

13,3%

15,0%

16,7%

11,7%

11,7%

15,0%

13,3%

11,7%

15,0%

[Perform energy simulations]

[Perform a feasibility study]

[Assess systems related to building function and architecture]

[Investigate, determine and advise on energy reduction systems toreach nZEB]

[Select sustainable constructions technologies and materials]

[Design passive energy measures]

[Define and communicatie integrated design goals]

[Knowledge on various installation materials, their performance,benefits versus costs]

[Understand performance, benefits and costs of various technologies]

[Understand application of passive or active technologies]

[Present the design and reach consensus on decisions.]

Pre-design nZEB group skills and knowledge

0 1 2 3 4 5

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

30,0%

28,3%

21,7%

25,0%

18,3%

21,7%

26,7%

26,7%

25,0%

11,7%

15,0%

10,0%

16,7%

15,0%

18,3%

13,3%

15,0%

11,7%

6,7%

11,7%

5,0%

8,3%

10,0%

11,7%

6,7%

8,3%

15,0%

10,0%

13,3%

13,3%

6,7%

10,0%

11,7%

11,7%

13,3%

15,0%

18,3%

13,3%

10,0%

10,0%

11,7%

[Design and engineer energy reduction systems to reach nZEB]

[Design of an architectural sustainable building (including sustainableand flexible floorplan)]

[Evaluate the integrated design]

[Select sustainable materials and technologies in nZEB design]

[Use of information modelling in design teams and management ofinformation modelling within the nZEB design]

[Specify energy reduction systems in tender documents]

[Define performance of materials in tender documents]

[Communicate in contracting phase, understand and respect the roleof all actors involved.]

Design, Tendering and Contracting nZEB group skills and knowledge

0 1 2 3 4 5



P a g e | 22



28,3%

30,0%

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

30,0%

33,3%

28,3%

26,7%

16,7%

21,7%

20,0%

21,7%

21,7%

23,3%

18,3%

16,7%

11,7%

18,3%

13,3%

13,3%

16,7%

15,0%

16,7%

15,0%

10,0%

13,3%

18,3%

20,0%

15,0%

11,7%

13,3%

13,3%

13,3%

5,0%

6,7%

8,3%

8,3%

10,0%

6,7%

10,0%

5,0%

8,3%

11,7%

11,7%

10,0%

8,3%

13,3%

15,0%

11,7%

11,7%

11,7%

[Quality assurance of different energy production systems]

[Quality assurance of energy reduction systems]

[Coordinate the project team to ensure building quality]

[Quality assurance of sustainable materials]

[Coordinate contractors and suppliers by effective communication]

[Communicate with customers on construction progress andeffectuation of building performance]

[Manage data, keep records of implementation, monitor outcome.]

[Financial management]

[Monitor project realisation and handle deviations]

Realisation and commissioning nZEB group skills and knowledge

0 1 2 3 4 5

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

30,0%

31,7%

28,3%

30,0%

28,3%

31,7%

26,7%

16,7%

15,0%

18,3%

16,7%

20,0%

13,3%

15,0%

8,3%

5,0%

8,3%

11,7%

8,3%

8,3%

8,3%

6,7%

11,7%

5,0%

5,0%

3,3%

3,3%

5,0%

10,0%

8,3%

11,7%

8,3%

11,7%

13,3%

16,7%

[Ensure optimal use of different energy production systems]

[Communicate the appropriate use and maintenance of differentenergy production systems]

[Instruct the facility manager on running and maintaining thebuildings energy performance]

[Ensure optimal maintenance of materials and technologies]

[Communication with suppliers and facility employers on energyperformance]

[Instruct users and facility managers on energy performance of thebuilding]

[Monitor building performance]

Use and maintaince nZEB group skills and knowledge

0 1 2 3 4 5



P a g e | 23



In the following graphs results of respondents selfassesment in BIM field are presented.

6,7%

10,0%

8,3%

8,3%

8,3%

8,3%

20,0%

21,7%

21,7%

23,3%

23,3%

25,0%

16,7%

15,0%

16,7%

18,3%

23,3%

23,3%

15,0%

15,0%

23,3%

21,7%

25,0%

18,3%

28,3%

33,3%

20,0%

16,7%

15,0%

16,7%

13,3%

5,0%

10,0%

11,7%

5,0%

8,3%

[What is BIM?]

[Industry Scope (definition and application)]

[BIM Requirements and Market Value]

[Impacts to Stakeholder Relationships]

[Impacts to Asset and Facilities Management]

[Impacts to Cost Models (Billing Model)]

Introduction to BIM

0 1 2 3 4 5

13,3%

13,3%

15,0%

13,3%

13,3%

13,3%

15,0%

13,3%

15,0%

13,3%

13,3%

13,3%

10,0%

13,3%

20,0%

20,0%

23,3%

23,3%

25,0%

23,3%

31,7%

28,3%

28,3%

35,0%

28,3%

26,7%

26,7%

25,0%

20,0%

15,0%

16,7%

20,0%

15,0%

25,0%

13,3%

20,0%

16,7%

20,0%

15,0%

18,3%

20,0%

26,7%

20,0%

21,7%

18,3%

16,7%

15,0%

13,3%

16,7%

16,7%

15,0%

16,7%

18,3%

15,0%

13,3%

16,7%

15,0%

16,7%

20,0%

18,3%

23,3%

16,7%

16,7%

16,7%

18,3%

11,7%

15,0%

15,0%

21,7%

15,0%

11,7%

13,3%

6,7%

8,3%

8,3%

8,3%

6,7%

5,0%

6,7%

3,3%

10,0%

11,7%

8,3%

3,3%

[Project Roles and Responsibilities - Contractual Hierarchy]

[Project Collaboration Requirements]

[Project Procurement Model Requirements]

[Delivery Model (Contract)]

[BIM Protocols]

[Employers Information Requirements - EIR]

[BIM Management Plan (BMP) - Pre Contract]

[Additional BIM Use: Specialised and or Expert requirements]

[BIM Maturity Level]

[Statement of Requirements (SOR) or Statement of Work (SOR)]

[BIM Dimensions]

[BIM Uses]

[BIM Detail / Development Levels]

[Add: Environmental / Innovation Claims]

Group of BIM knowledge and skills - Project startup

0 1 2 3 4 5



P a g e | 24



11,7%

11,7%

11,7%

13,3%

11,7%

11,7%

11,7%

31,7%

28,3%

30,0%

28,3%

31,7%

30,0%

31,7%

20,0%

10,0%

13,3%

10,0%

15,0%

11,7%

16,7%

18,3%

23,3%

15,0%

21,7%

18,3%

16,7%

18,3%

15,0%

21,7%

20,0%

16,7%

13,3%

21,7%

16,7%

3,3%

5,0%

10,0%

10,0%

10,0%

8,3%

5,0%

[Pre Contract Planning: BIM Management Plan (BMP)]

[BIM Examples]

[BIM LOD]

[Design Model Review]

[Design Model Estimations - Constructability]

[Design Model Interpretation]

[Evaluation and assessment of BIM deliverables, requirements,…

Group of BIM knowledge and skills - Tendering

0 1 2 3 4 5

11,7%

11,7%

11,7%

11,7%

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

20,0%

16,7%

18,3%

20,0%

21,7%

26,7%

16,7%

16,7%

13,3%

13,3%

21,7%

20,0%

5,0%

3,3%

3,3%

3,3%

[Market Demand]

[Business Need]

[Technological Advancement]

[BIM Roles and Responsibilities]

Group of BIM knowledge and skills - Initiation (Integration and Communication)

0 1 2 3 4 5

11,7%

11,7%

11,7%

11,7%

11,7%

11,7%

11,7%

13,3%

30,0%

30,0%

28,3%

33,3%

26,7%

26,7%

28,3%

28,3%

28,3%

20,0%

23,3%

20,0%

20,0%

18,3%

18,3%

16,7%

13,3%

18,3%

11,7%

11,7%

15,0%

15,0%

15,0%

11,7%

13,3%

16,7%

18,3%

18,3%

20,0%

20,0%

20,0%

23,3%

3,3%

3,3%

6,7%

5,0%

6,7%

8,3%

6,7%

6,7%

[BIM Agreement]

[Information communication Framework]

[Information coordination]

[Classification Systems]

[BIM Requirements]

[Software Interoperability]

[Data Repository]

[BIM Workflow]

Group of BIM knowledge and skills - Planning (Integration)

0 1 2 3 4 5



P a g e | 25



13,3%

13,3%

13,3%

15,0%

15,0%

15,0%

15,0%

13,3%

13,3%

16,7%

13,3%

13,3%

15,0%

31,7%

30,0%

28,3%

31,7%

31,7%

30,0%

31,7%

35,0%

33,3%

31,7%

33,3%

35,0%

31,7%

25,0%

20,0%

21,7%

16,7%

20,0%

20,0%

16,7%

16,7%

15,0%

15,0%

18,3%

16,7%

13,3%

13,3%

16,7%

13,3%

13,3%

13,3%

13,3%

16,7%

16,7%

15,0%

15,0%

15,0%

15,0%

16,7%

13,3%

16,7%

16,7%

20,0%

16,7%

18,3%

16,7%

11,7%

20,0%

18,3%

16,7%

18,3%

15,0%

3,3%

3,3%

6,7%

3,3%

3,3%

3,3%

3,3%

6,7%

3,3%

3,3%

3,3%

1,7%

8,3%

[Scope Management and Control]

[Delivery Management - Models]

[Project Interactions - Model Use]

[Time / Programme Forecasting - 4D]

[Formal Cost Plans - Technology Integration]

[Quality Checking - Standards]

[Quality Checking - Design]

[BIM Quality plan]

[Model Checking]

[Construction Optimisation]

[Material / Element Tracking]

[Construction Progress Tracking]

[Construction Coordination - Clash Simulation]

Group of BIM knowledge and skills - Planning (Scope, Time, Cost, Quality, Risks)

0 1 2 3 4 5

15,0%

16,7%

15,0%

15,0%

15,0%

26,7%

33,3%

28,3%

36,7%

36,7%

21,7%

15,0%

18,3%

15,0%

18,3%

20,0%

20,0%

11,7%

13,3%

13,3%

10,0%

8,3%

15,0%

15,0%

13,3%

5,0%

6,7%

11,7%

5,0%

3,3%

[Sustainability reporting and testing]

[Performance based analysis]

[Construction Coordination - Clash Simulation]

[Delivery Management - Cost Mapping - 5D]

[Time / Programme Forecasting - 4D]

Group of BIM knowledge and skills - Monitoring and Controlling

0 1 2 3 4 5



P a g e | 26



As it was stated in Introduction, we used NSG to identify parts of two skills frameworks, for nZEB and BIM.

NSG was constituted of representatives from two educators and experts from those two fields. They identified

the importance of each nZEB skill can be improved by using BIM, and which BIM skills are needed to improve

nZEB projects design/delivery.

Grades were set as following:

• 1 Fundamental Awareness (basic knowledge)

• 2 Novice (limited experience/Basic Level of Competency)

• 3 Intermediate (practical application/Proficient)

• 4 Advanced (applied theory)

• 5 Expert (recognised authority)

Table 3 Average grade of construction industry in nZEB

Gen

era

l nZE

B g

rou

p o

f

skill

s an

d k

no

wle

dge

3,20

[Understand influence of heating and cooling generation on energy performance] 3,07 [Understand specifics and basic parameters of heating and cooling ] 3,04 [Understand different energy production systems inrelation to energy performance] 3,09 [Understand importance of energy reduction systems in relation to energy performance] 3,47 [Understand the impact of architectural design on sustainablity and energy performance] 3,42 [Understand integrated design processes and concepts] 3,24

15,0%

15,0%

15,0%

15,0%

15,0%

13,3%

13,3%

15,0%

13,3%

38,3%

30,0%

35,0%

38,3%

33,3%

31,7%

35,0%

40,0%

38,3%

15,0%

15,0%

10,0%

10,0%

15,0%

16,7%

13,3%

13,3%

13,3%

11,7%

13,3%

20,0%

13,3%

10,0%

13,3%

11,7%

11,7%

10,0%

15,0%

18,3%

13,3%

15,0%

21,7%

20,0%

20,0%

15,0%

18,3%

5,0%

8,3%

6,7%

8,3%

5,0%

5,0%

6,7%

5,0%

6,7%

[BIM Management Plan - Post Contract]

[Model Coordination - Clash Simulation]

[Model Coordination - Availability]

[Model Coordination - Common Data Environment]

[Collaborative Workflows - Native and Non-Native Applications]

[Expectations of BIM]

[Information Distribution]

[Change Process - Design Model Change Registry]

[As-Built Validation]

Group of BIM knowledge and skills - Execution/Operation

0 1 2 3 4 5



P a g e | 27



[Understand the interaction of building location, design, use and outdoor climate] 3,36 [Understand sustainable materials and the importance of its appropriate application] 3,31 [Understand sustainable building technologies and appropriate application] 3,13 [Understand the interaction between energy performance and IEQ] 2,95 [Understand design methods for passive energy technologies] 3,02 [Understand effective communication within projects aimed to achieve nZEB] 3,09 [Understand interdisciplinary teamwork towards common goals] 3,36

Pre

-de

sign

nZE

B g

rou

p o

f sk

ills

and

kn

ow

led

ge

2,81

[Perform energy simulations] 2,55 [Perform a feasibility study] 2,52 [Assess systems related to building function and architecture] 2,65 [Investigate, determine and advise on energy reduction systems to reach nZEB] 2,77 [Select sustainable constructions technologies and materials] 2,91 [Design passive energy measures] 2,70 [Define and communicatie integrated design goals] 2,80 [Knowledge on various installation materials, their performance, benefits versus costs] 3,09 [Understand performance, benefits and costs of various technologies] 3,00 [Understand application of passive or active technologies] 2,98 [Present the design and reach consensus on decisions.] 2,98

De

sign

nZE

B g

rou

p o

f

skill

s an

d k

no

wle

dge

2,73

[Design and engineer energy reduction systems to reach nZEB] 2,49 [Design of an architectural sustainable building (including sustainable and flexible floorplan)] 2,77 [Evaluate the integrated design] 2,72 [Select sustainable materials and technologies in nZEB design] 2,95 [Use of information modelling in design teams and management of information modelling within the nZEB design] 2,74

Ten

der

ing/

c

on

trac

tin

g n

ZEB

gro

up

of

skill

s an

d

kno

wle

dge

2,48

[Specify energy reduction systems in tender documents] 2,37 [Define performance of materials in tender documents] 2,49 [Communicate in contracting phase, understand and respect the role of all actors involved.] 2,57

Rea

lizat

ion

an

d

Co

mm

issi

on

ing

nZE

B g

rou

p o

f sk

ills

and

kn

ow

led

ge

2,60

[Quality assurance of different energy production systems] 2,37 [Quality assurance of energy reduction systems] 2,50 [Coordinate the project team to ensure building quality] 2,67 [Quality assurance of sustainable materials] 2,56 [Coordinate contractors and suppliers by effective communication] 2,77 [Communicate with customers on construction progress and effectuation of building performance] 2,67 [Manage data, keep records of implementation, monitor outcome.] 2,65 [Financial management] 2,50 [Monitor project realisation and handle deviations] 2,70

Use

an

d m

ain

tain

ing

nZE

B g

roup

of

skill

s an

d k

no

wle

dge

2,34

[Ensure optimal use of different energy production systems] 2,30 [Communicate the appropriate use and maintenance of different energy production systems] 2,30 [Instruct the facility manager on running and maintaining the buildings energy performance] 2,35 [Ensure optimal maintenance of materials and technologies] 2,23 [Communication with suppliers and facility employers on energy performance] 2,30



P a g e | 28



[Instruct users and facility managers on energy performance of the building] 2,33 [Monitor building performance] 2,58

Table 4 Average grade of construction industry in BIM

Introduction to BIM

2,73 [What is BIM?] 2,98 [Industry Scope (definition and application)] 2,83 [BIM Requirements and Market Value] 2,78 [Impacts to Stakeholder Relationships] 2,73 [Impacts to Asset and Facilities Management] 2,51 [Impacts to Cost Models (Billing Model)] 2,56

BIM - Project startup

2,58 [Project Performance Requirements] 2,77 [Project Roles and Responsibilities - Contractual Hierarchy] 2,75 [Project Collaboration Requirements] 2,87 [Project Procurement Model Requirements] 2,65 [Delivery Model (Contract)] 2,63 [BIM Protocols] 2,71 [Employers Information Requirements - EIR] 2,56 [BIM Management Plan (BMP) - Pre Contract] 2,45 [Additional BIM Use: Specialised and or Expert requirements] 2,42 [BIM Maturity Level] 2,51 [Statement of Requirements (SOR) or Statement of Work (SOR)] 2,17 [BIM Dimensions] 2,58 [BIM Uses] 2,62 [BIM Detail / Development Levels] 2,61 [Add: Environmental / Innovation Claims] 2,37

BIM - Tendering 2,53 [Pre Contract Planning: BIM Management Plan (BMP)] 2,30 [BIM Examples] 2,60 [BIM LOD] 2,62 [Design Model Review] 2,65 [Design Model Estimations - Constructability] 2,49 [Design Model Interpretation] 2,62 [Evaluation and assessment of BIM deliverables, requirements, expectations and weighting] 2,40

BIM - Initiation (Integration and Communication)

2,42 [Market Demand] 2,40 [Business Need] 2,40 [Technological Advancement] 2,47 [BIM Roles and Responsibilities] 2,43

BIM - Planning (Integration)

2,43 [BIM Agreement] 2,23 [Information communication Framework] 2,36 [Information coordination] 2,45 [Classification Systems] 2,34 [BIM Requirements] 2,55 [Software Interoperability] 2,60 [Data Repository] 2,53



P a g e | 29



[BIM Workflow] 2,58 BIM - Planning (Scope, Time, Cost, Quality,

Risks)

2,35 [Scope Management and Control] 2,21 [Delivery Management - Models] 2,35 [Project Interactions - Model Use] 2,44 [Time / Programme Forecasting - 4D] 2,37 [Formal Cost Plans - Technology Integration] 2,29 [Quality Checking - Standards] 2,35 [Quality Checking - Design] 2,33 [BIM Quality plan] 2,29 [Model Checking] 2,37 [Construction Optimisation] 2,36 [Material / Element Tracking] 2,29 [Construction Progress Tracking] 2,25 [Construction Coordination - Clash Simulation] 2,47

BIM - Monitoring and Controlling

2,32 [Sustainability reporting and testing] 2,34 [Performance based analysis] 2,28 [Construction Coordination - Clash Simulation-M&C] 2,57 [Delivery Management - Cost Mapping - 5D] 2,25 [Time / Programme Forecasting - 4D_M&C] 2,16

BIM - Execution/Operati

on

2,36 [BIM Management Plan - Post Contract] 2,22 [Model Coordination - Clash Simulation] 2,53 [Model Coordination - Availability] 2,37 [Model Coordination - Common Data Environment] 2,35 [Collaborative Workflows - Native and Non-Native Applications] 2,41 [Expectations of BIM] 2,42 [Information Distribution] 2,42 [Change Process - Design Model Change Registry] 2,20 [As-Built Validation] 2,33



P a g e | 30



6 Conclusions

In order to evaluate current capacities for training of nZEB and BIM, BIMzeED calculated the level of

knowledge of the respondents who stated that have specific knowledge or skills in certain fields. The result is

that we have better situation in nZEB field than in BIM, considering to that the average grade of skills in nZEB

is 2,78 and in BIM is 2,47. Frequencies of each skill and knowledge level is presented in Table 5.

Table 5 Frequencies of each skill and knowledge level

In the following graphs, specific knowledge and skills are calculated taking each level as a grade, and then sorted according to the average grade. In the following table, we can see top and bottom 10% skills and overall grade for nZEB is 2,78 and for BIM is 2,47.

Table 6 Top 10% knowledge and skills

Table 7 Top 10% knowledge and skills

Skill and knowledge level

nZEB BIM

1 19,4% 29,4% 2 16,3% 17,6% 3 11,7% 16,1% 4 11,0% 17,5% 5 14,2% 6,4% 0 27,4% 13,0%

NZEB knowledge and skills - Top 10 % BIM knowledge and skills - Top 10 %

[Understand importance of energy reduction

systems in relation to energy performance] 3,47 [What is BIM?] 2,98

[Understand the impact of architectural design on

sustainablity and energy performance] 3,42 [Industry Scope (definition and application)] 2,83

[Understand sustainable materials and the

importance of its appropriate application] 3,31 [BIM Requirements and Market Value] 2,78

[Understand the interaction of building location,

design, use and outdoor climate] 3,36 [Project Performance Requirements] 2,77

[Understand interdisciplinary teamwork towards

common goals] 3,36

[Project Roles and Responsibilities - Contractual

Hierarchy] 2,75

[Project Collaboration Requirements] 2,87



P a g e | 31



nZEB knowledge and skills - Bottom 10 % BIM knowledge and skills – Bottom 10 %

[Ensure optimal use of different energy

production systems] 2,30

[Statement of Requirements (SOR) or Statement

of Work (SOR)] 2,17

[Communicate the appropriate use and

maintenance of different energy production

systems]

2,30 [BIM Agreement] 2,23

[Instruct users and facility managers on energy

performance of the building] 2,33 [Scope Management and Control] 2,21

[Ensure optimal maintenance of materials and

technologies] 2,32 [BIM Management Plan - Post Contract] 2,22

[Communication with suppliers and facility

employers on energy performance] 2,30 [Time / Programme Forecasting - 4D] 2,16

[Change Process - Design Model Change

Registry] 2,20



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