o365con14 - powershell for exchange administrators
DESCRIPTION
European Office 365 Connect SessionTRANSCRIPT
PowerShell for Exchange Administrators
Dejan Foro CEO,
Exchangemaster GmbH
European Office 365 Connect Conference,
Haarlem, Netherlands 2.4.2014
Speaker introduction
• 21 years in IT of which last 16 as an Exchange specialist
• 6 Exchange generations (5.5, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2010, 2013)
• 3,2 million mailboxes
• Exchange User Group Europe - Founder
• 9x Microsoft MVP for Exchange
• Founder and CEO, Exchangemaster GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland
Agenda
• Introduction
• Setting you up for working with PowerShell
• PowerShell basics
• Using PowerShell examples in daily Exchange administration
Presentation download
• This presentation will be available for download from
www.exchangemaster.net
Setting you up for work with PowerShellTools, etc.
Get the proper Tools
http://www.idera.com/productssolutions/freetools/powershellplus
PowerShell Plus
• Advantages over built in PowerShell editor
• Advanced Editor
• Code you use everday at hand
• Script sharing with your colleauges
• Profiles
• Modules loading
• Different layouts
• Code signing
If you use other scripting languages in additionto Powershell -
PowerGUI
PowerGUI
PowerGUI
PowerGUI
Introduction to PowerShellABC of Exchange Administration with PowerShell
Introduction
• How it used to be ....
• Problems of Scripting in Windows enviroment
• Many things could be done through command line
• VBScript – programming knowledge required, knowledge of VB, WMI, WBEM, ADSI, object models
• security voulnearable
Introduction
• How it is today ...
• Scripting with PowerShell in Exchange
• Command line interface developed first, than GUI
• EVERYTHING can be done via command line
• Exchange managment GUI actually executes PowerShell commands and shows you the syntax
• Single line commands replace pages of VB code
• Symple syntax
• Better security – exectution of powershell scripts completely disabled by default, require scripts to be signed, etc.
Introduction
• Exchange Powershell – 500+ commands
Get-Excommand
• Don’t worry, you will be cool with approx. 20
Why are you going to love PowerShell
• Task example :
• Get a list of mailboxes and export into .csv file
Why you are going to love PowerShell• VBScript
Dim SWBemlocator
Dim objWMIService
Dim colItems
Dim objFSO
Dim objFile
strTitle="Mailbox Report"
strComputer = “MyServer"
UserName = ""
Password = ""
strLog="Report.csv"
Set objFSO=CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set objFile=objFSO.CreateTextFile(strLog,True)
strQuery="Select * from Exchange_Mailbox"
Set SWBemlocator = CreateObject("WbemScripting.SWbemLocator")
Set objWMIService = SWBemlocator.ConnectServer(strComputer,"\root\MicrosoftExchangeV2",UserName,Password)
Set colItems = objWMIService.ExecQuery(strQuery,,48)
For Each objItem In colItems
objFile.writeline objItem.ServerName & "," &objItem.StorageGroupName &_
"," & objItem.StoreName & "," & Chr(34) & objItem.MailboxDisplayName
Next
objFile.close
Why you are going to love PowerShell
• PowerShell
Get-mailbox | export-csv c:\report.csv
.... And Action !!!
Command Syntax
• New-Mailbox
• Get-Mailbox
• Set-Mailbox
• Move-Mailbox
• Remove-Mailbox ...
Getting help
• List of all available PowerShell commands
Get-Command
• List of only Exchange commands
Get-Excommand
• Getting help about specific command
Get-Help Get-Mailbox
Get-Help Get-Mailbox – detailed
Get-Help Get-Mailbox – full
Getting info about users/mailboxes
• List of all mailboxes in organisation
Get-Mailbox
Get-Mailbox -ResultSize unlimited
Getting all available properties
Get-Mailbox | Format-List
Get-Mailbox –ResultSize 1 | Format-List
Getting just a list of properties names
Get-Mailbox | Get-Member -MemberType *Property |
Select-Object Name
Selecting & SortingGet-Mailbox | Select-Object -Property DisplayName, PrimarySMTPAddress
Get-Mailbox | Select-Object -Property DisplayName,
PrimarySMTPAddress | Sort-Object -Property DisplayName
Examples
• List all mailboxes, sort by name, and export into a CSV file
Get-Mailbox | Sort-Object -Property Name |
Export-csv c:\mailboxes.csv
• Get a list of mailboxes from Active Directory OU named Users
Get-Mailbox -OrganizationalUnit Users
Examples• Count mailboxes in organisation
(Get-mailbox).count
• Getting all properties for a specific user
Get-Mailbox | where {$_.DisplayName -eq "Dejan Foro"} |
format-list
• Who is the postmaster ?
Get-Mailbox | where {$_.EmailAddresses -contains
Examples
• Who is the user with GUID e65a6ff3-d193-4563-9a8e-26a22315a686 ?
Get-Mailbox | where {$_.guid -eq "e65a6ff3-d193-
4563-9a8e-26a22315a686"}
• Who has UM extention 200 ?
Get-Mailbox | where {$_.extensions -contains "200"}
Getting info about servers
• Give me a list of Exchange servers
Get-Exchangeserver
Get-ExchangeServer | Select-Object -Property Name, Edition,
AdminDisplayVersion, ServerRole | format-list
Examples
• Give me a list of mailbox servers
Get-ExchangeServer | where {$_.ServerRole -ilike "*Mailbox*"}
• Do we have servers running on trial version of Exchange and if yes when do they expire ?
Get-ExchangeServer | where {$_.IsExchange2007TrialEdition -eq "True"} | Select-
Object -Property FQDN, RemainingTrialPeriod
Getting membership of a group
Get-DistributionGroupMember -identity "Swiss IT Pro User Group Moderators"
Managing the user lifecycle
• Creating users - Importing from a .csv file
• Modifing users – move to another database
• Removing mailboxes and users
Importing users from a .CSV file
• Task
• Import users from a file c:\users.csv
• For every user
• Create user account in AD of form [email protected]
• Put them in Organizational Unit VIP
• Create a mailbox in database “Standard users”
• Enter his first and last name
• Set all users with password Password123 and require the users to change the password at first logon
Importing users from a .CSV file
Import-CSV c:\users.csv
Procesing values from a csv file
• Processing each row of data from .CSV file
Import-CSV c:\users.csv | ForEach-Object { SOME ACTION}
• Command for creating Users
New-Mailbox
Get-Help New-Mailbox –full
Processing values from .CSV file
• Referencing column names from the .CSV file
$_.columnname
• Converting Password text into secure string
$Password = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "Password123" -
asplaintext -force
Importing users from a .CSV file
• Putted all together
$Password = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "Password123" -asplaintext -force
Import-Csv c:\users.csv | ForEach-Object {
$Name = $_.First + " " + $_.Last
$UPN = $_.First + "." + $_.Last + "@exchangemaster.net"
New-Mailbox -Name $Name -UserPrincipalName $UPN -Password $Password -
OrganizationalUnit VIP -Database 'standard users' -FirstName $_.First -LastName
$_Last -ResetPasswordOnNextLogon $True}
Making changes to users
• Apply policies
• Assing to groups
• Enable or disable features
• Changing attributes
• Moving mailboxes ....
Moving mailboxes
• Moving mailoboxes of users in OU VIP to a new database for VIPs
Get-Mailbox -OrganizationalUnit "VIP" | Move-Mailbox -
TargetDatabase "VIP users"
Moving mailboxes
• Checking for mailbox location after move
Get-Mailbox | Select-Object Name,Database
Removing mailboxes
• Check before deleting !
Get-Mailbox -OrganizationalUnit VIP | Remove-Mailbox -WhatIf
• Remove them
Get-Mailbox -OrganizationalUnit VIP | Remove-Mailbox
Recommendation
• 3rd party snap-in for better manipulation of ADobjects
• Quest Software
• ActiveRoles Management Shell for Active Directoy
Managing queues
• Removing spam messages from the queue
Remove-Message -Filter {FromAddress -like "*spammer.com*“ } -
withNDR $false
Testing
• Get a list of test commands
• Get-Command test*
Testing
Communicating with user from the script
• Prompting user
Write-Host -ForegroundColor red -BackgroundColor yellow
"Formating your drive c: ..."
Write-Host -ForegroundColor blue -BackgroundColor green "Be
cool I am just kidding"
• Getting user input
Read-Host
Script samplesUsing PowerShell in your daily Exchange admin routine
Install Exchange 2013 pre-requisites
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb691354(v=exchg.150).aspx#WS2008R2SP1MBX
Import-Module ServerManager
Add-WindowsFeature Desktop-Experience, NET-Framework, NET-HTTP-Activation,
RPC-over-HTTP-proxy, RSAT-Clustering, RSAT-Web-Server, WAS-Process-Model,
Web-Asp-Net, Web-Basic-Auth, Web-Client-Auth, Web-Digest-Auth, Web-Dir-Browsing,
Web-Dyn-Compression, Web-Http-Errors, Web-Http-Logging, Web-Http-Redirect,
Web-Http-Tracing, Web-ISAPI-Ext, Web-ISAPI-Filter, Web-Lgcy-Mgmt-Console,
Web-Metabase, Web-Mgmt-Console, Web-Mgmt-Service, Web-Net-Ext, Web-Request-Monitor,
Web-Server, Web-Stat-Compression, Web-Static-Content, Web-Windows-Auth, Web-WMI
Good Morning Exchange
FAQ 000116 - Good Morning Exchange - doing a quick check on Exchange using PowerShellhttp://www.exchangemaster.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=247&Itemid=1&lang=en
It checks the following 3 things on all your Exchange machines:- Are Exchange services running?- Are all databases mounted and healty?- Are E-mails piling up in the queues?
Good Morning Exchnage
Checking services...
All Exchange services OK
Checking databases..
All Databases OK
Checking Queues...
All Queues OK
All systems OK, you can have your morning coffee :)
|---|
| |)
|___|
Checking services...
All Exchange services OK
Checking databases..
All Databases OK
Checking Queues...
SERVER01
SERVER01\1448 500
SERVER01\1478 300
SERVER01\1485 50
Sorry mate, no coffee for you. There is work to do.
|---|
| |)
|___|
Good Morning Exchnage
Did the backup run last night?
• Exchange 2010 backup reporthttp://www.exchangemaster.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=251&Itemid=57&lang=en
• Exchange 2007 backup report
http://www.exchangemaster.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=251&Itemid=57&lang=en
Did the backup run last night ?
Backup Status Report for All Databases in Exchange Organization MAIL
Created on 23.09.2013 15:40:57
Backup Status of Mailbox Databases
Server Name BackupInProgress LastFullBackup LastIncrementalBackup LastDifferentialBackup LastCopyBackup RetainDeletedItemsUntilBackup
-------- ---- ---------------- -------------- --------------------- ---------------------- -------------- -----------------------------
SERVER01 DB01 False 20.09.2013 17:01:35 False
SERVER01 DB02 False 20.09.2013 17:01:35 23.07.2013 18:37:31 False
SERVER02 DB03 False 20.09.2013 17:01:35 23.07.2013 20:19:37 False
SERVER02 DB04 False 20.09.2013 17:01:35 23.07.2013 21:49:31 False
SERVER03 DB05 False 22.09.2013 17:20:02 23.09.2013 12:05:12 False
SERVER03 DB06 False 22.09.2013 17:20:03 23.09.2013 12:05:12 False
SERVER03 DB09 False 22.09.2013 17:20:02 23.09.2013 12:05:12 False
SERVER04 DB07 False 22.09.2013 17:20:03 23.09.2013 12:05:12 False
SERVER04 DB08 False 22.09.2013 17:20:02 23.09.2013 12:05:12 False
Backup Status of Public Folder Databases
Server Name BackupInProgess LastFullBackup LastIncrementalBackup LastDifferentialBackup LastCopyBackup RetainDeletedItemsUntilBackup
-------- ---- --------------- -------------- --------------------- ---------------------- -------------- -----------------------------
SERVER01 Public Folder DB06 22.09.2013 17:20:03 False
SERVER03 Public Folder DB08 20.09.2013 17:01:35 False
DAG Maintenance
• Scripts that come with Exchange server
C:\Program Files\Microsoft\ExchangeServer\V14\scripts
StartDagServerMaintenance.ps1
StopDagServerMaintenance.ps1
RedistributeActiveDatabases.ps1
DAG Maintenance
Exchange01 Exchange02
DAG01
DB01
DB02
DB03
DB04
DB01
DB02
DB03
DB04
DAG MaintenanceOn the first node1) execute
.\StartDagServerMaintenance.ps1 -ServerName Exchange01
2) Do your maintenance (patching, whatever) on the first node
Exchange01 Exchange02
DAG01
DB01
DB02
DB03
DB04
DB01
DB02
DB03
DB04
DAG Maintenance
3) After maintenance is completed
.\StopDagServerMaintenance.ps1 -ServerName Exchange01
Exchange01 Exchange02
DAG01
DB01
DB02
DB03
DB04
DB01
DB02
DB03
DB04
DAG Maintenance4) On the second node
.\StartDagServerMaintenance.ps1 -ServerName Exchange02
5)Do the patching
Exchange01 Exchange02
DAG01
DB01
DB02
DB03
DB04
DB01
DB02
DB03
DB04
DAG Maintenance
6) On the second node
.\StopDagServerMaintenance.ps1 -ServerName Exchange02
DAG Maintenance
7) execute
.\RedistributeActiveDatabases.ps1 -DagName DAG01 -BalanceDbsByActivationPreference-ShowFinalDatabaseDistribution -Confirm:$false
Compare Services
• Computer1: SERVER01
• Computer2: SERVER02
• SystemName DisplayName StartMode State Status
• ---------- ----------- --------- ----- ------
• SERVER01 Application Management Manual Running OK
• SERVER02 Application Management Manual Stopped OK
• SERVER01 PsKill Manual Stopped OK
• SERVER01 WinHTTP Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Service Manual Running OK
• SERVER02 WinHTTP Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Service Manual Stopped OK
PowerShell books – Lite • Frank Koch, Microsoft Switzerland
• German version
• English version
PowerShell books – medium
• PowerShell documentation Pack
• Manuals that comes with Powershell
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=b4720b00-9a66-430f-bd56-ec48bfca154f&DisplayLang=en
PowerShell books – medium
• PowerShell documentation Pack
• Manuals that comes with Powershell
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=b4720b00-9a66-430f-bd56-ec48bfca154f&DisplayLang=en
Powershell Books – Advanced
Q&A
• Q&A session 17:30 – 18:30
• You can send your questions in advance to
Contact
Dejan Foro, CEO
Exchangemaster GmbH
www.exchangemaster.net
Show your scripts to the world
• Technet Gallery
• Powershell.com