oaa12 - institutional responses to the changing environment: the case of uct

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Laura Czerniewicz 4 November 2012 Institutional responses to the changing higher education environment: the case of UCT

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Laura Czerniewicz, Director, OpenUCT Initiative, University of Cape Town

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Page 1: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

Laura Czerniewicz4 November 2012

Institutional responses to the changing higher education

environment: the case of UCT

Page 2: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

A HOLISTIC VIEWOpen scholarship, open all content

Page 3: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

Conceptualisation

Data Collection

Data Analysis

Findings

Engagement

Translation

Conceptual Frameworks

Literature Reviews

Bibliographies

Proposals

Data sets

Conference papers

Audio records

Images

Recorded interviews

Books

Reports

Journal articles Technical papers

Notes

Presentations

Lectures

Interviews

Open from the outsetshared & shareable,

Open data

Open journals and new publishing models

Open education resources

open etextbooksMassive open online courses (MOOCs)

OPENING SCHOLARSHIP

Open access repositories for all

content

Page 4: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

CHANGEAn institutional culture perspective

Page 5: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

Policy definition:Tight

Policy definition:Loose

Control of implementation:

Loose

Control of implementation:

Tight

INSTITUTIONAL CULTURAL TYPES

Collegium

Enterprise Corporation

Bureaucracy

McNay, I. (1995). From collegial academy to corporate enterprise: The changing cultures of universities.

Page 6: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

Policy definition:Tight

Policy definition:Loose

Control of implementation:

Loose

Control of implementation:

Tight

INSTITUTIONAL CULTURAL TYPES

Collegium

Enterprise Corporation

Bureaucracy

Page 7: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

THE COLLEGIUM TYPE

• Characterised by o loose institutional policy definitiono informal networks and decision arenaso and innovation at the level of the individual oro department. (McNay 1995)

• The organisational response o ’laissez faire’, few targeted policies or processes

(Rossiter, 2007).o ore value of collegium is freedom

• Defines organizational expectations in terms of freedom from external controls (Yee-Tak 2006)

Page 8: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN

• Oldest South African university o Top ranked African university

• QS World University Rankings• Times Higher Education World University

Rankings• Academic Ranking of World Universities

• Medium sizedo+/- 25 000 studentso 982 permanent academics (of 5 442 total

staff)

Page 9: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

PRESTIGIOUS RESEARCH UNIVERSITY

• 5 Nobel Laureates• Booker Prize winner• Numerous internationally recognised

research initiativeso Africa Earth Observatory Network (AEONo The Department of Mathematics and

Applied Mathematics, an international centre for research in the fields of cosmology and topology.

o Department of Physics, home to the UCT-CERN research centre,

o V involved in SKA (Square Kilometre Array)

Page 10: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

TEACHING AT UCT• Residential• Face to face• Almost no distance

ed• Not set up for “non-

traditional” courses

• Funding subsidy for headcount & throughput (not curriculum or content)

• Centre for Higher Educational Development active, strong academic development

Page 11: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

2007

OPEN AGENDA AT UCT: PROJECTS

2008

2010

2012

2013

2011

Scholar

Scholar

Scholar

Community

Scholar

Student

2014

Opening Scholarship

2009

Scholar

Scholar

Page 12: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

HTTP://OPENUCT.UCT.AC.ZA

Page 13: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

OUR APPROACH TO THE OPENNESS AGENDA

in the light of UCT’s culture

Page 14: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

PRINCIPLES & STRATEGIES

• Individual agency/ control• Maximum flexibility • Network & community building• Enabling, not requiring• Advocacy• Champions & incentives• Researching practices

Collegium culture:loose institutional policy definitioninformal networksand decision arenas and innovation at the level of the individual or department

McNay 1995

Page 15: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

HISTORICALLY• Opportunities for open agenda in the

eLearning space rather than OA o Contributed to change strategy

• No institutional repository

Page 16: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

MULTIPLICITY

• Multiple strategies• Many small sites of innovation and

activity, aiming for agglomeration across the institution, to achieve critical mass

• Change at all levels of the university

• Develop networks and build community

Page 17: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

ACADEMIC AGENCY

• Decentralised uploadingo Individual academics upload and maintain

their resources directly • Pride of authorship

oQuality assurance with the individual oQuality assurance part of broader teaching

and learning systems, not separate• Minimal moderation

o Copyright compliance

Page 18: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

FLEXIBILITY

• Granularisation of resources important• Whole courses• Single resources

o Ebookso Presentationso Podcastso Lecture noteso Animationso Images

Page 19: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

INSTITUTIONAL COMMUNITY

• IP Law Unit• Knowledge Co-op• Citizen Science projects in COL• Enterprise Content Management Project• Eresearch• Library• Communications Office• Faculties

Page 20: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

ENABLING FRAMEWORK

• Work enabled by new UCT IP Policyo Specifically addresses issues relating to the

creation of OER resources and the licensing processes to be followed

o Expressly states the support for publication of materials under Creative Commons licenses

Page 21: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

ADVOCACY

Page 22: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

CHAMPIONS

• At senior leveloDVC signs Cape Town Declaration (2008)o VC signs Berlin Declaration (2011)

Page 23: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

CHAMPIONS

• Senior & middle level• OER Health Sciences - Dean

Page 24: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

CHAMPIONS

• Bringing the work of “early adopters” above the radar

Page 25: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

CHAMPIONS & CHANGE• In our experience

o Senior level support symbolico Vertical relationships do not cause

change per se, only when actual projects in place (eg HS)

o Champions work best in horizontal networked relationships, building communities of practice

• New roles and reconfigurationso The rise of the non-specialist “expert,”

(or the “extended professional”)

Page 26: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

ENABLERS: SMALL GRANTS • 35 small grants in

2011 & 2012• Up to R10 000

each• All faculties• To create and/ or

adapt OER • Includes course

level & smaller resources

Page 27: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

INCENTIVES: SMALL GRANTS

Page 28: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

OPENCONTENT GRANTS 2011/12

Faculties

Humanities 11

Health Science 8

Engineering & BE

7

CHED 3

Law 2

Science 1

Commerce 1

Other 2

35

Type

New course material

11

New video 8

Adapting resources 16

Page 29: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

RESEARCH

• Committed to researching practiceo Cox, G (2012) Why would you do it, ... would a student

actually be interested?” “Understanding the barriers and enablers to academic contribution to an OER directory”, OCW, Cambridge 2012

o Hodgkinson-Williams, C.A. & Paskevicius, M. (2012). The role of postgraduate students in co-authoring open educational resources to promote social inclusion: a case study at the University of Cape Town, Distance Education, 33 (2), 253-269.

Page 30: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

UCT OPENCONTENTHow we are doing

Page 31: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT
Page 32: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

OPENCONTENT VISITS15 OCT 2011- 15 OCT 2012

Page 33: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

OPENCONTENT LOCATION OF VISITS15 OCT 2011- 15 OCT 2012

Page 34: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

OPENCONTENT TRAFFIC & REFERRALS15 OCT 2011- 15 OCT 2012

Page 35: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

GROWTH TO DATE

01-2

010

02-2

010

03-2

010

04-2

010

06-2

010

07-2

010

08-2

010

09-2

010

10-2

010

11-2

010

11-2

011

12-2

011

3-20

120

50

100

150

200

250

Resources added

Growth of total content

Page 36: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

FACULTY CONTRIBUTIONS

24%

8%

4%

16%

34%

3%

11%

Centre for Higher Education De-velopmentCommerceEngineering and the Built Envi-ronmentHealth SciencesHumanitiesLawScience

Page 37: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

Au-dio28%

Downloadable Documents

39%

Graphics/Pho-tos1%

Other

3%

Text/HTM

L Webpage

s20%

Video10%

AudioDownloadable Doc-umentsGraphics/PhotosOtherText/HTML WebpagesVideo

TYPES OF RESOURCES

Page 38: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

CONCLUDING COMMENTS• A steady upswell rather than

mainstream• Integration of resourcing requirements

into existing structures• Acceptance of non-linear organic

process• Slow approach more likely to be

sustainable & effective• A research-based approach to inform

strategy

Page 39: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

REFERENCES

• Czerniewicz, L and Brown, C (2009) study of the relationship between institutional policy, organisational culture and e-learning use in four South African universities in Computers & Education 53 (2009) 121–131

• McNay, I (1995) From collegial academy to corporate enterprise: The changing cultures of universities. In T. Schuller (Ed.), The Changing University. Buckingham: Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press

• Rossiter, D (2007) Whither e-learning? Conceptions of change and innovation in higher education. Journal of Organisational Transformation and Social Change. 4 (1), pp.93–107

• Yee-Tak , W (2006) Student Expectations in the New Millennium: An Explorative Study of Higher Education in Hong Kong, Dissertation, unpublished dissertation

Page 40: OAA12 - Institutional responses to the changing environment: The case of UCT

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 South Africa License. To view a copy of this license, visit

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/za/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.

Laura Czerniewicz [email protected]

OpenUCT Initiative: http://openuct.uct.ac.za/UCT OpenContent : http://opencontent.uct.ac.za

Companion site on Vula: https://vula.uct.ac.za/portal/site/openuct

Follow us: http://twitter.com/openuctPresentations: http://www.slideshare.net/laura_Cz

For slides 32-34 thanks to Cheryl Hodgkinson-Williams