ob presntn
TRANSCRIPT
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POWER
ANDPOLITICS
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WHAT IS POWER?
A capacity that A has to influence the behavior
of B so that B acts in accordance with As
wishes
Dependency: -Bs relationship toA whenA
possesses something thatB requires.
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CONTRASTING LEADERSHIP AND POWER
Leadership
Focuses on goal achievement.
Requires goal compatibility with
followers.
Focuses influence downward.
Power
Used as a means for achieving goals.
Requires follower dependency.
Used to gain lateral and upward
influence.
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BASES OF POWER
A ) Formal powerB) Personal Power
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FORMAL POWER
COERCIVE POWER
A power base dependent on fear.
REWARD POWERCompliance achieved based on the
ability to distribute rewards that others viewas valuable.
LEGITIMATE POWERThe power a person receives as a result
of his or her position in the formal hierarchyof an organization.
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PERSONAL POWER
EXPERT POWER
Influence based on special skills orknowledge.
REFERENT POWER
Influence based on possession by anindividual of desirable resources or personal
traits.
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WHAT CREATES DEPENDENCY?
Importance of resource
Scarcity of resource
Nonsubstitutablity of resource
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POWERTACTICS
Way in which individuals translate power
bases into specific action
LegitimacyRational persuasion
Inspirational appeals
Consultation
ExchangePersona appeals
Pressure
coalitions
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PREFERRED POWERTACTICS BY
INFLUENCE DIRECTION
Upward influence:
Rational Persuasion
Downward influence:
Rational Persuasion
Inspirational Appeals
PressureConsultation
Ingratiation
Exchange
Legitimacy
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CONT.
Lateral influence:
Rational persuasion
Consultation
Ingratiation
Exchange
Legitimacy
Personal appealsCoalitions
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SEXUAL HARASSMENT: UNEQUAL
POWER IN THE WORKPLACE
Sexual harassment is defined as anyunwanted activity of a sexual nature thataffects an individuals employment.
It includes unwelcome advances, request forsexual favors, etc.
Power is central to understanding sexualharassment as it comes from a supervisor, acoworker, or an employee.
58% of women report having experiencedpotentially harassing behaviors and 24%report having experienced sexual harassmentat work.
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WAYS TO REDUCE SEXUAL HARASSMENT:
Make Policies.
Ensure employees that they will not be
retaliated.Investigate complaint.
Offenders are terminated.
Raise employees awareness.
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POWER IN GROUP: COALITIONS
Coalitions:-Clusters of individuals
who temporarily come together to a
achieve a specific purpose.
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Seek to maximize their size to attain
influence.
Seek a broad and diverse constituency for
support of their objectives
Occur more frequently in organization with
high task and resource interdependencies .
Occur more frequently if task arestandardized and routine
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POLITICS: POWER IN ACTION
Definition of organizational politics
Political behavior: - Activities that are not
required as part of ones formal role in the
organization, but that influence, or attempt to
influence, the distribution of advantages or
disadvantages within the organization.
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Legitimate political behavior: Normaleveryday politics
Illegitimate political behavior: Extremepolitical behavior that violates the implied
rules of the game.
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CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF
POLITICAL BEHAVIOR
Factors contributing to political behavior
Individual factors
Organizational factors
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INDIVIDUAL FACTORS
High-self monitors
Internal locus of control
High match personality
Organizational investment
Perceived job alternatives
Expectation of success
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ORGANIZATIONAL FACTOR
Reallocation of resources
Promotion opportunities
Low trust
Role ambiguity
Unclear performance evolution system
Zero- sum reward practice
Democratic decision making
High performance pressures
Self-serving senior managers
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FACTOR THAT INFLUENCE
POLITICAL BEHAVIOR
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EMPLOYEES RESPONSE TO
ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS
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DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR
1. Avoiding Action
2. Avoiding Blame
3. Avoiding Change
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IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT
The process by which individuals
attempt to control the impression
others form of them
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IM TECHNIQUES
Conformity
Excuses
Apologies
Self-Promotion
FlatteryFavors
Association
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These techniques are majorlyused in:-
Interview success
Performance evaluations