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Organizational Behavior

By Suresh Chandra panda

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Introduction to Organizational Behavior

1.Define organizational behavior(OB)

2.Identify the primary behavioral disciplinescontributing to OB

3.Describe the three goals of OB

4.List the major challenges and opportunitiesfor managers to use OB concepts

5.Discuss why workforce diversity has become

an important issue in management 6.Discuss how a knowledge of OB can help

managers stimulate organizational innovationand change

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Problems: Bosses 'poor communication skills

Employees 'lack of motivation

Conflicts between team members Overcoming employee resistance to a

company reorganization

Similar concerns

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Help managers, and potential managers,

develop these people skills

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What Managers Do?

A. Management Function:

Henri Fayol----Planning

Organizing

Commanding

Coordinating

Controlling

Today----planning, organizing,

leading, controlling

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B.Management Roles: (Henry Mintzberg)

Interpersonal Roles

• Figurehead,Leader,Liaison

Informational Roles• Monitor,Disseminator,Spokesperson

Decisional Roles

• Entrepreneur, Disturbance handler,

• Resource allocator, Negotiator

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C.Management Skills:

Technical Skills

Human Skills Conceptual Skills

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Effective Versus Successful Managerial

Activities

Fred Luthans A S E

1.Traditional management 32% 13% 19%

2.Communication 29% 28% 44%

3.Human resource management 20% 11% 26%

4.Networking 19% 48% 11%

This finding challenges the historical assumption thatpromotions are based on performance, and it illustrates

the importance of networking and political skills in

getting ahead in organizations.

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Enter Organizational Behavior

Organizational Behavior (OB) is a field of

study that investigates the impact that

individuals, groups, and structure have onbehavior within organizations, for the purpose

of applying such knowledge toward improving

an organization’s effectiveness.

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It studies three determinants of behavior

in organizations: individuals, groups, and

structure. In addition, OB applies the knowledge

gained about individuals, groups, and the

effect of structure on behavior in order to

make organizations work more effectively.

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OB is concerned with the study of whatpeople do in an organization and how their behavior affects the organization’s

performance. Specifically with employment-related

situations

Jobs,work, absenteeism, employmentturnover , productivity, human performance,and management

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The core topics:

• Motivation,

• Leader behavior and power,

• Interpersonal communication,

• Group structure and processes,

• Learning,

• Attitude development and perception,

• Change processes,

• Conflict,

• Work design,

• Work stress.

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Contributing Disciplines

Organizational behavior is an applied behavior

science that is built on contributions from anumber of behavior disciplines.

the predominant areas :

• psychology,

• social psychology,

• sociology,

• anthropology,

• political science

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Psychology----individual

• learning, motivation, personality, emotions,

• perception, training, job satisfaction, leadershipeffectiveness,

• individual decision making, performanceappraisal, attitude measurement, employee

selection,• work design, work stress

Social psychology----group

• Behavioral change, attitude change,• communicate,

• group processes,

• group decision making

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Sociology• Communication, power, conflict, intergroup

behavior, ----group

• formal organization theory,• organizational technology,

• organizational change,

• organizational culture ----organizationsystem

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Anthropology

• Comparative values,• comparative attitudes,

• cross-culture analysis, ----group

• organizational culture,

• Organizational environment,

• Power ----organization system

Political science

• Conflict,

• Intraorganizational politics, ----group

• Power ----organization system

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Goals of OB

Explanation• If we are to understand a phenomenon, we

must begin by trying to explain it. We can thenuse this understanding to determine a cause.

Prediction

• It seeks to determine what outcomes will resultfrom a given action.

Control• The control objective is frequently seen by manager as

the most valuable contribution the OB makes towardtheir effectiveness on the job.

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Challenges and Opportunities for OB

1.Responding to Globalization

• Increased foreign assignments

• Working with people from different cultures• Coping with ant capitalism backlash

• Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with

low-cost labor

• Managing people during the war on terror

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2.Managing workforce diversity

• Workforce diversity: Gender, race, national origin, age, disability,

• Embracing diversity

• Changing demographics

Workforce diversity can increase creativityand innovation in organizations as well as

improve decision making by providingdifferent perspective on problem.

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3.Improving quality and productivity• “Almost all quality improvement comes via

simplification of design, manufacturing, layout,

processes, and procedures.”----Tom Peters• Today’s managers understand that success of

any effort at improving quality and productivity

must include their employees.

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4.Improving people skills

We’ll present relevant concepts and theories

that can help you explain and predict thebehavior of people at work.

• Learn a ways to motivate people

• How to be a better communicator • How to create more effective teams

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5.Empowering people

• Decision making is being pushed down to the

operating level, where workers are being given thefreedom to make choices about schedules and

procedures and to solve work-related problems.

• Self-management team

• Managers are empowering employees.

• Managers-how to give up control

• Employees-how to take responsibility for their work

and make appropriate decisions

• Leading style, power relationships, the way work is

designed, the way organizations are structured

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6.Stimulating innovation and change

• Today’s successful organizations must foster innovation and master the art of change or they’ll

become candidate for extinction.

• An organization’s employees can be the impetus

for innovation and change or they can be a

majors stumbling block.

• The challenge for managers is to stimulate their

employees’ creativity and tolerance for change.

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7.Coping with “temporariness” • Managing today would be more accurately

described as long periods of ongoing change,

interrupted occasionally by short periods of stability!

• The actual jobs that workers perform are in apermanent state of flux.

• So workers need to continually update their

knowledge and skills to perform new jobrequirements.

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8.Helping employees balance work/lifeconflicts

• A number of forces have contributed to blurring thelines between employee work and personal lives.

• First, the creation of global organizations meanstheir world never sleeps.

• Second, communication technology allowsemployee to do their work at home, in their car, or on the beach in Tahiti.

• Third, organizations are asking employees to put in

longer hours.• Finally, fewer families have only a single

breadwinner.

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9.Declining employee loyalty

• Beginning in the mid-1980s, in response toglobal competition, unfriendly takeovers,

leveraged buyouts, and the like, corporations

began to discard traditional policies on job

security, seniority and compensation.

• An important OB challenge will be for managers

to devise ways to motivate workers who feel

less committed to their employers, whilemaintaining their organizations’ global

competitiveness.

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10.Improving ethical behavior

• Members of organizations are increasingly

finding themselves facing ethical dilemmas,

situations in which they are required to defineright and wrong conduct.

• In recent years, the line differentiating right from

wrong has become even more blurred.

• Managers and their organizations are writing

and distributing codes of ethics to guide

employees through ethical dilemmas.

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The path of OB

Individuallevel

Group

level

Organization system

level

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Individual behavior

• values, attitudes, perception, and learning

• the role of personality and emotions• motivation issues

Group behavior

• Group behavior model• Ways to make teams more effective

• Communication issues and group decisionmaking

• Leadership, trust, power, politics, conflict andnegotiation

Organizational behaviors

• Culture, structure, ….

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Thank you

ob-suresh

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