obesity- metabolic alterations, complications and treatment

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Biochemistry For medicswww.namrata.co

COMPLICATIONS AND TREATMENT OF OBESITY

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Presenter NamePresentation Date

OBESITY II

-Metabolic Alterations,Complications & Treatment

ByB.R-Nabila AubeeluckRoll Number 4

Biochemistry For Medics 3

TABLE of CONTENTS

Metabolic alterations in different Systems and related complications

Prognosis

Treatment –Diet, Exercise, Medication & Surgery

Summary

References


Co-Morbidities associated with Obesity

1.Cardiology IHD

Congenital Heart Failure

High Blood Pressure

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Pulmonary embolism


2.Dermatology

Stretch Marks (Striae)

Acanthosis nigricans

Cellulitis

Hirsutism

Intetrigo


3.Endocrinology& Reproductive System

Diabetes Mellitus

Menstrual Disorders

Infertility

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Complications of Pregnancy Birth Defects Intrauterine Foetal Death


4.Gastrointestinal

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Fatty Liver

Cholelithiasis

Due to increased BMICauses HEARTBURNS

Due to insulin resistance

Low fibre, high cholesterol and starchy food


6.Neurology Stroke

Dementia

Meralgia Paresthetica

Migraines

Multiple Sclerosis

Blockage in blood supply to brain

Weight gain->more pressure on lat.cutaneous N of Thigh

More visceral fat-> smaller brain volume


7.Oncology Breast Cancer Oesophageal Cancer Liver Cancer Pancreatic Cancer

A recent report estimated thatIn the United States,14 % of deaths from cancer in men, and 20% of deaths in women were due to overweight andObesity


Hyperinsulinemia

Hyperurecemia

Diabetes

Dyslipidemia

9.Metabolic Syndrome

Gout


10.Psychology Depression

Social Stigmatization

Self-loathingStrongest in younger and in women

Less chances of employment, earn less and less likely to get married.


Prognosis

With BMI of 25-28.9,Relative risk of Coronary Heart Disease is 1.72

Increases cardiovascular mortality rate 4 fold

Increases cancer-related mortality rate 2 fold

In total,severely obese people have 6-12 fold increase in the all-cause mortality rate


Treatment

1.Diet

DO’s____________________________ Low Calorie diet Smaller meals Increase intake of

complex carbs and low glycemic index foods

Increase intake of mono and poly saturated fats

Increase consumption of fresh fruits,veg and low-fat dairy products

Drink good quality water

DON’T’s_____________________________

Intake of red and processed meatIntake of simple sugars and refined carbsExcessive salt intakeExcessive intake of fast foods and calorie-rich soft drinksIntake of saturated fatsIntake of fad diets


2.Physical Exercise Muscles consume energy from

both fat and glycogen 30 min moderate exercise 5 days

a week Must be combined with proper

diet for effective weight loss3.Behavioral Modification & Social Support

Psychological Conselling Support from near and dear

ones Obesity support groups


4.MedicationsSibutramine -An anorectic -Reccomended dose:10 mg/day -Side effects:dry mouth,insomnia,high BP

Orlistat

-inhibits pancreatic lipase-Recommended dose:120mg 3 times daily-Side effects:Diarrhea, gas,cramps

5.Bariatric Surgery Gastric Band

Gastric Bypass

Liposuction


SUMMARY

Obesity affects almost,if not all,systems of the body

Prognosis is usually bad

Obesity can be treated! Dieting,Physical activity,Medications,Surgery


References & Acknowledgement

World Heath Organisation website NHS website Cancer Network website BBC website The Guardian Wikipedia National Institute for Health and Clinical

Excellence website Biochemistry-Harper A case Oriented Approach Towards

Biochemistry-Namrata Chhabra Biochemistry department-SSRMC


“Eat to live; Don’t live to eat!”


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obesity- metabolic alterations, complications and treatment

Health & Medicine

consumption of intake

cardiovascular mortality

moderate exercise

physical exercise muscles

bad obesity

summary obesity

diet donts dos

brain dementia