objective 3.01 understand the integumentary...
TRANSCRIPT
“Scrub In”
• What is a function of the skin: a. Convert glycogen to glucose
b. Secretion of growth hormones
c. Manufacture of vitamin C
d. Protection from germ invasion
• The innermost layer of the epidermis is constantly reproducing itself. This function enable the skin to: a. Detect pressure and pain
b. Repair itself if injured
c. Soak in the sun’s ultraviolet rays
d. Store energy
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 1
3.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the integumentary system
Essential Questions:
• What are the functions of the integumentary system?
• What are some disorders of the integumentary system?
• How are integumentary system disorders treated?
• How do you relate the integumentary system to the body’s communication systems?
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 3
Functions of the integumentary system • Functions of the skin:
– Protection
– Sensory perception
– Regulation of body temperature
– Storage - fat, glucose, water, vitamins, salts
– Absorption – ex: topical medication
– Excretion – salt, small amount of waste and excess water
– Production- vitamin D
4 4
Functions of the integumentary system
Epidermis Major function of intact skin:
protects the body against invasion of pathogens or germs
Melanocytes: give skin its color (skin darkens when exposed to sunlight) and filter out ultraviolet radiation from sunlight
The epidermis is composed of dead and living cells. The dead cells are rich in Keratin which is a protein that provides a waterproof covering.
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 5
Functions of the integumentary system
Epidermis Why are some people dark and others fair?
Can that be changed?
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders
of the integumentary system 6
Functions of the integumentary system
Dermis Regulates temperature,
supplies the epidermis with nutrient-saturated blood and stores much of the body's water supply
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 7
Functions of the integumentary system
Subcutaneous layer Hypodermal layer
Hypo- dermal
Insulates the body from cold temperatures and provides shock absorption. Fat cells of the hypodermis also store nutrients and energy.
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 8
Functions of the integumentary system
Hair Helps protect the body
Length, thickness, type and color of hair varies with the different body parts and different races
“Goosebumps” – is caused by the arrector pili muscle. It causes the skin to pucker around a hair when exposed to a sudden chill.
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 9
Functions of the integumentary system
Nails Protects the fingers and toes
from injury
Healthy nails are usually pink in color
Some disease conditions can be found due to the color of a person’s nails Liver disease – white nails
Kidney disease – half pink/half white
Hypoxia – bluish in color
Anemia – pale nail bed
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 10
Functions of the integumentary system
Glands Sudoriferous glands
Eliminate sweat and perspiration that contains water, salts and some body wastes
Axillary glands produce an odor when their secretion mixes with bacteria
Sebaceous glands
Secrete an oil for hair and skin (sebum)
When an oil gland becomes plugged with dirt and oil a blackhead or pimple occurs
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 11
Pimple
Functions of the integumentary system
The skin has remarkable ability to heal itself.
New skin cells are generated on the inside of the skin as old skin cells on the outside die and shed. Which means your skin is constantly renewing itself from the inside.
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 12
Disorders of the integumentary
system Acne vulgaris:
Common chronic disorder of the sebaceous glands that
causes inflammation
Pores becomes blocked with dirt, cosmetics, excess oil
and or bacteria. This causes the area to become filled
with leukocytes causing the accumulation of pus.
Treatment/Prevention:
Frequent thorough washing of skin
Avoid creams and heavy makeup
Antibiotics or vitamin A ointments
UV light treatments
3.06: Understand the functions and disorders
of the integumentary system 13
Disorders of the integumentary
system Athlete’s foot
Caused by a fungal infection and is contagious
Symptoms: skin itches, blisters and cracks into open sores
Treatment: antifungal medication and keep area clean and dry
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 14
Disorders of the integumentary
system Burns: First-degree
Second-degree
Third-degree
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 15
Disorders of the integumentary
system Burns: First-degree
Superficial
Skin red and dry
Involves only the
epidermis
Treatment: cold
water
Heals within one
week
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 16
Disorders of the integumentary
system Burns: Second degree/partial
thickness Epidermis and dermis
involved
Pain, swelling, redness and blistering
Skin may be exposed to infection
Treatment: pain medication, dry sterile dressing
Healing within two weeks
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 17
Disorders of the integumentary
system Burns: Third-degree/full
thickness Epidermis, dermis and
subcutaneous layers involved
Loss of skin, eschar (blackened skin), possibly no pain
May be life threatening/requires immediate hospitalization
Treatment: prevention of infection, fluid replacement and skin grafting
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 18
Disorders of the integumentary
system
Burns: Compare the
different
degrees of
burns.
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 19
Disorders of the integumentary
system Burns:
Rule of Nines Used to quickly
assess percentage
of body surface
burned.
Can be used to
determine extent of
treatment needed.
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 20
Bellringer:
• Any change in an existing mole or wart may be a sign of:
a. Acne
b. Dermatitis
c. Cyst
d. Melanoma
• When the normal hair is replaced by a very short, transparent hair, what condition results:
a. Alopecia
b. Albinism
c. Herpes
d. Dermatitis
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 21
Disorders of the integumentary
system Dermatitis/Eczema dermat- -itis
Inflammation of the skin that produces a rash
Both are frequently caused by coming in contact with a substance or stress
Symptoms: dry skin, erythema/redness, itching, edema, scaling. A macular-papular rash is noted with dermatitis.
Treatment: eliminate cause, especially if allergens; anti-inflammatory ointments; antihistamines and steroids
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 22
Disorders of the integumentary
system Herpes
Herpes simplex virus
Two types of HSV:
HSV type 1 - oral
HSV type 2 – genital
Symptoms: blister or multiple blisters on or
around affected areas
Transmission: oral secretions or sores on
the skin. Can be spread through kissing or
sharing objects such as toothbrushes or
eating utensils. A person can only get herpes
type 2 infection during sexual contact with
someone who has a genital HSV-2 infection.
Can be passed to a baby during childbirth.
Prognosis: no cure
23
Disorders of the integumentary
system Impetigo – highly
contagious
2 main causes of impetigo: Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococcus.
Risk factors for contracting impetigo: age (2-6), broken skin, warm/humid conditions, certain sports
Treatment: antibiotics (cream or oral)
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 24
Disorders of the integumentary
system Psoriasis Persistent, chronic disease
that forms thick silvery scales and itchy, dry, red patches that are sometimes painful
Risk factors: family history of the disease
Treatment: topical steroids, moisturizes
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 25
Disorders of the integumentary
system Ringworm / tinea corporis– highly contagious fungal infection
Transmission: Spreads by direct skin-to-
skin contact with an infected person or animal
Causes: fungal infection caused by mold-like parasites that live on the cells in the outer layer of your skin
Treatment: antifungal medications
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 26
Disorders of the integumentary
system Scabies - is an itchy skin condition
Cause: a tiny burrowing mite
Transmission: contagious, and can spread quickly through close physical contact
Treatment: Elimite cream
Prevention: Clean all clothes and linen Starve the mites.
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 27
Disorders of the integumentary
system Shingles
Cause: viral nerve infection Commonly seen on the chest or
abdomen/causes severe pain A person with shingles can pass the varicella-
zoster virus to anyone who isn't immune to chickenpox. This can occur through direct contact with the open sores. Once infected, the person will develop chickenpox not shingles.
Anyone who has ever had chickenpox can develop shingles. Factors that increase your risk of developing shingles are: age >50 and diseases that decrease your body’s immune response
Two vaccines may help prevent shingles — the chickenpox (varicella) vaccine and the shingles (varicella-zoster) vaccine.
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 28
Disorders of the integumentary
system Skin cancer - the abnormal
growth of skin cells Risk factors: excessive sun exposure (primary
cause), fair skin, history of sunburns,, moles, family history of skin cancer
Prevention: avoid sun exposure between 10am-4pm, wear sunscreen (at least SPF of 15) year-round , wear protective clothing, avoid tanning beds, check your skin regularly
Three types:
Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Malignant melanoma
29
Disorders of the integumentary
system Skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma • Most common and least malignant type of skin cancer Often appears as a waxy bump Occurs most often on areas of the
skin that are exposed to the sun (ex: face and neck)
Treatment: surgical removal, radiation, cryosurgery
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 30
Disorders of the integumentary
system Skin Cancer Squamous cell carcinoma
Develops in the thin, flat squamous cells that make up the epidermis.
Occurs mostly on the scalp and lower lip.
Grows rapidly/prognosis is good if found early
Treatment: surgical removal or radiation
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 31
Disorders of the integumentary
system Skin cancer Malignant melanoma
Is the most serious type of skin cancer. Develops in the cells (melanocytes) that produce melanin
Spreads (metastasizes) to other areas quickly
• Cause: exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation
• Signs and symptoms: may appear as a brown irregular patch that appears suddenly; moles that ooze, bleed or itch; a change in an existing wart or mole; the development of a new pigmented or unusual-looking growth on your skin
• Treatment: surgical removal of the melanoma and chemotherapy
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 32
Disorders of the integumentary
system Skin lesions: Characteristics of the different skin
lesions: 1)Macules – flat spots on the skin (ex: freckles) 2) Papules – firm raised areas (ex: pimples, chickenpox, syphilis) 3)Vesicles – blisters or sacs of fluid (ex: seen in first stages of chickenpox) 4)Pustules – sacs filled with pus (ex: acne, pimples) 5)Crusts – areas of dried pus and blood (ex: scabs) 6)Ulcer – deep loss of skin surface that extends into the dermis
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 33
Disorders of the integumentary
system Skin lesions: Macule
Papule
Pustule
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 34
Vesicle
Ulcer
Disorders of the integumentary
system Skin lesion:
Decubitus ulcer/ pressure ulcer
Bedsores that occur from constant sitting or lying in the same position without shifting weight
Prevention: keep areas clean and dry, shift weight frequently, good skin care, regular skin inspections and good nutrition
Treatment: frequent turning and relief of pressure on bony prominences, special cushions/pads/mattresses, keep sore clean and covered, antibiotic if needed for infection
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 35
Disorders of the integumentary
system warts - small, grainy skin growths that occur mainly on fingers or hands.
Cause: human papilloma viral infections
Spread through direct contact
Prevention: good hygiene ( don’t bite your nails, keep hands dry, don’t pick at warts)
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 36
There are many different types!
Disorders of the integumentary
system • Alopeica
– Occurs when the normal hair is replaced by a very short transparent hair.
3.06: Understand the functions and
disorders of the integumentary system 37