Objective 6.0

Define solution in terms of solute and solvent

(5 EQT questions)

MixturesAre combinations of substances that are

not bonded together and can be separated by physical processes.

There are two different types of mixtures: heterogeneous and homogeneous

HeterogeneousA type of mixture where the substances

are not mixed evenly. Substances are usually easy to tell apart

Homogeneous A homogeneous mixtures contains two or

more substances that are evenly mixed on a molecular level but still are not bonded together.

Another name for a homogeneous mixtures is a solution.

SolutionsA solution is a mixture that appears to be a

single substance but is composed of particles of two or more substances that are distributed evenly amongst each other.

Solutions are made of two parts: solute and solvent

Solute and Solvent Solute - the substance being dissolved, present

in the smaller amount Solvent - the substance in which the solute is

dissolved, present in the larger amount

Example: Chocolate MilkSolute=cocoa powderSolvent=milk

Water is known as the

universal solvent.

DiffusionDiffusion: the process by which

substances move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

Example: Sugar or salt dissolving in water. Think Koolaide, instant coffee or tea, Crystal Lite

Molecules in solution tend to slowly spread apart over time. This is diffusion.

T1

T2 T3

Diffusion

Diffusion

[High] [Low]

concentrated, high energy molecules

diffuse, low energy molecules

Osmosis Osmosis is the movement of WATER through

a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high-water concentration to an area of low-water concentration.

At first the concentration of solute is very high on the left.

But over time, the water moves across the semi-permeable membrane, and dilutes the particles.

Three Types of Solutions

Isotonic Solutions

Hypertonic Solutions

Hypotonic Solutions

Isotonic Solutions In an isotonic solution the solute and

solvent are equal.

A cell normally wants to remain in an isotonic solution where the concentration of the liquid inside of it equals the concentration of the liquid outside of it.

Hypertonic Solution A hypertonic solution is one with a high

concentration of solutes when compared to another solution which is separated from it by a semi permeable membrane.

In a hypertonic solution, a cell shrivels as fluids move out of the cell and into the surrounding solution. A hypertonic solution has a greater concentration of dissolved substances and a smaller concentration of water.

Hypotonic Solutions With a hypotonic solution, the concentration of

solutes is lower than that of a solution on the other side of a membrane, which means that water will be drawn out of the hypotonic solution and into a hypertonic solution.

In a hypotonic solution, a cell expands as fluids move into the cell and out of the surrounding solution. A hypotonic solution has less concentration of dissolved substances and a greater concentration of water.

8th Grade Advanced

Additional Terms An aqueous (ey-kwee-uhs) solution is one

in which water is the solvent

A substance that dissolves in a solvent is said to be soluble.

A substance that does NOT dissolve in a solvent is said to be insoluble.

Two liquids that are soluble in each other are said to be miscible (mis-uh-buhl).

Two liquids that are NOT soluble in each other are said to be immiscible.