Objective:Objective:

To asses the efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide on 24-h blood pressure (BP) control.

Methods:Methods:

Review of all the randomized trials that assessed 24-h BP with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) compared with other antihypertensive drugs.

Meta-analysis of: - 14 studies of HCTZ dose 12.5 to 25 mg,- 5 studies of HCTZ dose 50 mg.

No evidence to support the use of No evidence to support the use of hydrochlorothiazide for 24-h blood pressure hydrochlorothiazide for 24-h blood pressure

controlcontrol

1. Messerli FH et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:590-600.

Efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide, assessed by 24-h ABPMEfficacy of hydrochlorothiazide, assessed by 24-h ABPM11 (Adapted from Messerli FH et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:590-600)

Compared with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) dose 12.5 to 25 mg, P< 0.001 for other antihypertensive drugs, as assessed by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring.

Bars = 95% confidence intervalsN = number of studies ACE = angiotensin-converting enzymeARBs = angiotensin-receptor blockers

1. Messerli FH et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:590-600.

HCTZ: inferior 24-h BP controlHCTZ: inferior 24-h BP control

N=14

N=5

N=3

N=5

N=7-20

-15

-10

-5

0

BP

Red

uct

ion

(m

m H

g)

ACEinhibitors

ARBs BetaBlockers

CalciumAntagonists

HCTZ

Systolic BP

Diastolic BP

““Not all diuretics are equal”Not all diuretics are equal”

HCTZ 12.5 - 25 mg/day does not reduce stroke and heart attack, or death.2,3

The diuretics shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are The diuretics shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are chlorthalidonechlorthalidone in SHEP and ALLHAT, and in SHEP and ALLHAT, and indapamideindapamide in HYVET, PROGRESS, in HYVET, PROGRESS, and ADVANCEand ADVANCE

2. Gaciong Z, Symonides B. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 2010;11:2579-2597. 3. Kaplan NM. Hypertension. 2009;54:951-953. 4. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE, et al. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1887-1898. 5. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Lancet. 2001;358:1033–1041. 6. ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Lancet. 2007;370:829-840.

4 5 6

Total mortality

Fatal or nonfatal stroke

Heart failure

Fatal stroke -39%

-30%

-64%

-21%

Cardiovascular mortality

Renal events

Total mortality -14%

-18%

-21%

Stroke -43%

The efficacy on 24-h blood pressure control of HCTZ at its usual daily doses, of 12.5 to 25 mg/day is inferior to that of all other antihypertensive drug classes.1

There are no data showing that HCTZ 12.5 - 25 mg/day reduces heart attack and stroke or death.2

The authors of the meta-analysis concluded that:

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

1. Messerli FH et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:590-600. 2. Gaciong Z, Symonides B. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 2010;11:2579-2597.

““if a clinical indication calls for a thiazide-type diuretic, if a clinical indication calls for a thiazide-type diuretic,

chlorthalidone or indapamide remain the drugs of choice”.chlorthalidone or indapamide remain the drugs of choice”.1