objectives classify minerals according to their physical and chemical properties. identify different...
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Objectives• Classify minerals according to their physical and
chemical properties.
• Identify different types of minerals.
– luster
– streak
– hardness
– cleavage
– fracture
Vocabulary
Identifying Minerals
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Mineral Identification• Geologists rely on several relatively simple tests
to identify minerals.
– Physical properties– Chemical properties.
Identifying Minerals
• It is usually best to use a combination of tests.
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Mineral IdentificationColor
Identifying Minerals
– Noticeable characteristic.
– Can be caused by the presence of trace elements.
– Least reliable clue to a mineral’s identity.
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Mineral IdentificationLuster
Identifying Minerals
– Luster is the way that a mineral reflects light from its surface.
– metallic or nonmetallic.
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Mineral IdentificationTexture
Identifying Minerals
– Texture describes how a mineral feels to the touch.
– smooth, rough, ragged, greasy, soapy, or glassy.
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Mineral IdentificationStreak
Identifying Minerals
– Streak is the color of a mineral when it is broken up and powdered.
– Sometimes, a mineral’s streak does not match the mineral’s external color.
– A mineral’s streak rarely changes.
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Mineral Identification
Hardness
Identifying Minerals
– Hardness is one of the most useful and reliable tests for identifying minerals.
– Hardness is a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched.
– Any mineral with a greater hardness than another mineral will scratch that softer mineral.
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Mineral Identification
Hardness
Identifying Minerals
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Mineral Identification
Cleavage and Fracture
Identifying Minerals
– Minerals break along planes where atomic bonding
is weak.
– Cleavage is the ability of a mineral to split relatively easily and evenly along one or more flat planes.– Fracture is the ability of minerals to break with arclike, rough, or jagged edges.
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Mineral IdentificationCleavage and Fracture
Identifying Minerals
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Two more specialty tests…• Magnet
– Magnetite is magnetic
• Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
– Calcite = fizzing– Quartz = no fizzing
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Section Assessment
1. Match the following terms with their definitions.
___ streak
___ hardness
___ cleavage
___ fracture
Identifying Minerals
A. the ability to break with arc-like, rough, or jagged edges
B. the ability to split relatively easily along one or more flat planes
C. the color of a mineral when it is broken up and powdered
D. a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
C
D
B
A
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