Obligation, necessity, advice

Obligation, necessity, adviceHave to vs. mustShould vs. ought to

Ways of expressing Have to = have got to in spoken English Must Should Ought to

Brainstorm 1What is must and have to? Is there any difference in meaning or usage? What is the difference between these two sentences :

I have to hand in a report tomorrow morning. I must hand in a report tomorrow morning. ?

Have to vs. Must I have to hand in a report tomorrow morning. (otherwise my boss will be very angry and can fine me, I dont want to brake the company rules )

I must hand in a report tomorrow morning. (I want to be a good employee, and to get a promotion one day, Ill make my report on time and perhaps my boss even praise me )

Brainstorm 2Who makes necessity? Have to Must

Have to vs. Must who makes necessity? Have to Must SITUATION makes necessity

The doctor told me, this is my cure rule. I need to obey.

Speaker feels thatsomething is necessary

Im telling you, its necessary for you to my mind. Thats a rule for you to be healthy.

Brainstorm 3 So, what are the differences? What is referred to personal obligation, and what is for external ones? Could be have to and must used with the same meaning?

Discuss the situations: All the employees have to hand in the reports at the end of the months to their direct manager.

All the employees must follow the company rules and obey their direct manager

Have to vs. MustUsage Have to

IMPERSONAL OBLIGATION from external sources

Is more common for spoken English Must Obligation comes from the speaker

Can be used with a same meaning as have to.

Have to vs. MustRules and formalities Unwritten rules Written rules

All the employees have to hand in the reports at the end of the months to their direct manager.

(the way how working process is organised)

All the employees must follow the company rules and obey their direct manager

(extract from the labour contract )

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Have to vs. MustSpecial occasion I \ we must can express a wish. I must buy a newspaper. I want to see todays currency rates

We must invite Jane, she is the real company soul. Compare with have to:

I have to buy a newspaper. My boss asked me, he wants to see todays currency rates. We have to invite Johnsons, they invited us last year.

Brainstorm 4What are the grammar features of have to and must? Do you remember all the grammar forms for past-present-future? Can you use must only for present? If not, can you tell the situation when it can be used otherwise?

Have to vs. MustGrammar features Have to Must Can be used for all time categories: past present future

Have + to + infinitive

Uses do for questions and negatives Used only for present or future obligations or necessities.

Without to

Modal verb, doesnt need any auxiliaries

Have to vs. must grammar forms Have to Must

Must for future? If the obligation situation refers to future and has started in present we use must You must phone before you arrive next time. (youve already come and youre supposed to come again )If the obligation situation refers to future only we use will have to If I am late, Ill have to take a taxi. (It hasnt happened yet, its only possible future)

Brainstorm 5 How do we form questions?

Is it possible to make question form for must?

How is the negative form made?

Is there any difference in meaning?

Have to vs. MustQuestions Have to Must Usually used in most (especially everyday )situations With the help of do.

Do we have to close up this project? Do we have to come? Possible in formal situations, but not common for spoken English No auxiliaries.

Must we close up this project? Must we stay till the end of the meeting?

Have to vs. MustNegatives Dont have toMustntIts unnecessary (= dont need to, neednt)

You dont have to submit your passport and the entrance (But if you show it, its ok )

You dont have to use Russian words at the English class .(you can easily replace them, there is no necessity to use them )Prohibition, its not allowed.

You mustnt enter the building without you pass card. (You wont be allowed to come without a document with your ID)

You mustnt speak Russian at the English class(You will be punished:))

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Brainstorm 6What usage meaning for should do you know? Is there any difference with ought to ? Can you name the grammar forms for past-present-future? Can we make questions and negatives?

Should- weaker obligation than have to and must- advice and recommendation- to express opinion (= its a good idea) - talk about correct thing to do

You should see these papers up to the end of the week. Are you tired? You should have a rest. Its a nice project! We should show it to our boss! You should write this formula like this.

Ought to and should Usage forms for ought toUsage examples = should. Has the same meaning.

question and negative form is rarely used , but possible. Forms with should are common.

!! Can be used with continuous form ( should \ ought to + be + ing): Its 14.00 already . I should be preparing my report. Why are you doing nothing? You ought to be working You ought to call her = You should call her

You shouldnt = you oughtnt to do this

Where should I send these papers? Its very serious matter. How ought we to deal with it?

Should and ought to grammar forms Should Ought to

Ways of expressingBrainstorm 7 Have to = have got to Must Should Ought to

What are the short key meaning for each?

Ways of expressing. Conclusion Have to - impersonal obligation from external sources, some rules and regulations. = have got to in spoken English Must - personalized obligation, wish, strong advice, laws and instructions Should less strict than have to and must, advice, opinion Ought to = should.