obstetrics
DESCRIPTION
Obstetrics. Definition of Obstetrics. Branch of medicine dealing with the pregnant woman during pregnancy, child birth and period following birth. Word Parts. Semen. Mixture of sperm & secretions in seminal vesicles Insemination – deposit of semen in the female reproductive tract. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Obstetrics
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Definition of Obstetrics
Branch of medicine dealing with the pregnant woman during pregnancy, child birth and period following birth
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Word Parts
Word root
Combining form
Meaning
Obstetric Obstetr/ic midwife
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Semen
Mixture of sperm & secretions in seminal vesicles
Insemination – deposit of semen in the female reproductive tract
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Artificial Insemination
Semen is inserted into uterus via a cannula instead of coitus
AI (AIH) by husband
AI (AID) by donor
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Word parts
Word root
Combining form
Meaning
Semin semin/ i liquid secretion of the testicles and glands
Sperm sperm/o, spermat/o, sprem/i
sperm cells or spermatozoa, ejaculated from the male Act 1
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Fertilisation
Is the union of sperm and ovum
Fertilised ovum is called zygote
Zygote travels down fallopian tube to endometrium where it implants itself
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Foetus development
Embryo – developing human during first 2 months - embryonic membranes form which protect & nourish the embryo
Foetus – developing human after the second month - amniotic membrane forms surrounds foetus and is filled with amniotic fluid - amniotic fluid is a shock absorber for the foetus
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Placenta
Develops between the embryo and endometrium
Exchanges nutrients and waste between mother and foetus
Also secretes hormones to maintain pregnancy
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Word parts
Word root
Combining form
Meaning
Foet Foet/o an unborn baby
Placent Placent/o flat cake
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Terms related to placenta
Adherent placenta – placenta is fused to uterine wall
Retained placenta – placenta is not expelled
Placenta praevia – placenta forms abnormally in lower part of uterus over the internal opening of the cervix Act 3
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Umbilical cord
Connects foetus to placenta
Transports blood and nutrients to the foetus
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Gestation
Period of time embryo and foetus is carried in uterus
Usually 280 days
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Word parts
Word root
Combining form
Meaning
Gravida -gravida relates to pregnancies
Para -para number of previous pregnancies resulting in a live infant
Toc toc/o, -tocia birth, labour
Nat nat/o birth
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Antenatal
Period from conception to birth
3 trimesters – 3 months each
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Labour and Delivery
Parturition refers to birth
Labour is period preceding birth
Uterine contractions are called eutocia
Syntoconon is a drug to induce uterine contractions
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Stages of labour
1. Dilation – onset of labour to full dilation of 10 cm
2. Expulsion – full dilation to delivery
3. Placental – delivery of placenta and occurs a
few minutes after birth
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Foetus during labour
Lies in a lateral position in uterus
Engagement – when head moves down into cervix
Presentation – part of foetus that is touched by examining finger through the cervix
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Puerperium
Period 6 – 8 weeks following birth
Reproductive system reverts to pre pregnant state
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Definitions Post partum haemorrhage – excessive bleeding from
birth canal
Eclampsia – sudden convulsion due to toxaemia of pregnancy
Stillbirth – foetus is born dead
Congenital – present at time of birth
Caesarian section – delivery by surgical excision into abdominal wall
Forceps – surgical instruments used to help delivery Act 4
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Mammary Glands
Function is milk secretion i.e. lactation
Ducts convey milk from lobes to the exterior
The circular pigmented area surrounding the nipple is known as the areola
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Word parts
Word root
Combining form
Meaning
Mast mast/o breast
Mamm mamm/o breast
Lact lact/o, lact/i milk
Galact galact/o milk
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Abbreviations
ARM Artificial Rupture of Membranes
CTG cardiotocograph
DOB date of birth
EDC/D estimated date of confinement / delivery
EDD estimated date of delivery
EP ectopic pregnancy
FDIU foetal distress in utero
FECG foetal electrocardiograph
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Abbreviations
FHR foetal heart rate
HDN haemolytic disease of the newborn
IUD intrauterine device
LSCS lower section caesarian section
NB newborn
PET pre- eclamptic toxaemia
PPH postpartum haemorrhage
PROM premature rupture of membranes
PV per vagina
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AbbreviationsApgar score method of assessing general state of baby at
birth.Appearance (colour); Pulse(heart rate); Grimace( response to slap); Respiration (breathing)
epesi/o pubic region,vulvo
gravida a pregnant woman
multigravida at least 2 pregnancies
multipara given birth to 2 or more children
nulligravida having never been pregnant
para to bear
primigravida first pregnancy
primipara first delivery
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Miscarriage
Expulsion of products of conception before 20 weeks
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Conditions and Termscervical incompetence abnormal weakness of the cervix; can
lead to recurrent miscarriages
ectopic pregnancy pregnancy outside of uterus usually in fallopian tubes
placenta praevia placenta situated near the cervix
pre - eclampsia condition in which hypertension, oedema, and proteinuria developing during 2nd half of pregnancy