OCCUPATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTHHEALTH

““Prevention is better than curePrevention is better than cure””

Presented by-Presented by-

CHANDAN SARKARCHANDAN SARKAR

HOSPITAL MANAGEMENTHOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

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0716103007161030

WHAT IS OH ?WHAT IS OH ?““Occupational health should be aim Occupational health should be aim at the promotion & maintenance of at the promotion & maintenance of the highest degree of physical mental the highest degree of physical mental & social well being of workers in all & social well being of workers in all occupations.”occupations.”

-The joint ILO/WHO committee on -The joint ILO/WHO committee on occupational health, in the course of its occupational health, in the course of its first session held in 1950, gave the first session held in 1950, gave the definition.definition.

ERGONOMICSERGONOMICSIt is now a well recognized discipline & an It is now a well recognized discipline & an integral part of any advanced occupational integral part of any advanced occupational health service. It simply means ” health service. It simply means ” fitting fitting the job to the workerthe job to the worker.”.”Ergonomics comes from the Greek words Ergonomics comes from the Greek words ‘ERGON’ means‘ERGON’ means workwork & ‘NOMOS’ means & ‘NOMOS’ means law.law.The objective of ergonomics is The objective of ergonomics is ‘To ‘To achieve the best mutual adjustment achieve the best mutual adjustment of man and his work.’of man and his work.’ For the For the improvement of human efficiency. improvement of human efficiency.

Occupational EnvironmentOccupational Environment By occupational environment it meant the sum of By occupational environment it meant the sum of

external conditions & influences which prevail at external conditions & influences which prevail at the place of work & which have a learning on the the place of work & which have a learning on the health of the working population.health of the working population.

There are three types of interaction in a working There are three types of interaction in a working environment-environment-

1.Man & physical, chemical,& 1.Man & physical, chemical,& biological agents. biological agents.

2.man & machine.2.man & machine. 3.man & man. 3.man & man.

Occupational HazardsOccupational Hazards All industrials worker may be exposed to All industrials worker may be exposed to

five types of hazards, depending upon his five types of hazards, depending upon his occupations-occupations-

1.Physical hazards.1.Physical hazards.

2.Chemical hazards.2.Chemical hazards.

3.Biolozical hazards.3.Biolozical hazards.

4.Mechanical hazards.4.Mechanical hazards.

5.Psychosocial hazards.5.Psychosocial hazards.

MAIN TWO HAZARDSMAIN TWO HAZARDSPHYSICAL PHYSICAL HAZARDSHAZARDS--------

1.Heat & cold.1.Heat & cold.

2.Light.2.Light.

3.Noise.3.Noise.

4.Vibration.4.Vibration.

5.Ultraviolet 5.Ultraviolet radiation.radiation.

etc. etc.

CHEMICAL CHEMICAL HAZARDSHAZARDS--------

1.Inhalation.1.Inhalation.

2.Dust with 2.Dust with chemicals.chemicals.

3.Gases.3.Gases.

4.Metals & their 4.Metals & their compounds.compounds.

etc.etc.

DISEASES DUE TO PHYSICAL DISEASES DUE TO PHYSICAL AGENTSAGENTS

HEATHEAT-heat hyperpyrexia, heat -heat hyperpyrexia, heat cramps, burns.cramps, burns.

LIGHTLIGHT-Occupational cataract,-Occupational cataract,

NOISENOISE-Occupational deafness.-Occupational deafness.

RADIATIONRADIATION-Cancer, Leukaemia, -Cancer, Leukaemia, Anaemia.Anaemia.

MECHANICALMECHANICAL-Injuries, Accidients.-Injuries, Accidients.

ELECTRICITYELECTRICITY-BURNS.-BURNS.

DISEASES DUE TO DISEASES DUE TO CHEMICAL AGENTSCHEMICAL AGENTS

DUSTSDUSTS--

1.COAL DUST1.COAL DUST-Anthracosis.-Anthracosis.

2.IRON2.IRON-Siderosis-Siderosis

3.3.ASBESTOSASBESTOS-Asbestosis,Lung cancer.-Asbestosis,Lung cancer.

4.4.SILICASILICA-Silicosis.-Silicosis.

METALS & THEIR COMPOUNDS-METALS & THEIR COMPOUNDS-

1.Toxic hazard from lead,mercury,cadmium etc.1.Toxic hazard from lead,mercury,cadmium etc.

CHEMICALS-CHEMICALS-

Acids,pesticides,Alkalies etc.Acids,pesticides,Alkalies etc.

OCCUPATIONAL CANCEROCCUPATIONAL CANCER1.1.SKIN CANCERSKIN CANCER- - It is found that 75% of It is found that 75% of

occupation cancer are skin cancer .Its occupation cancer are skin cancer .Its caused by X-RAYS,CERTAIN OILS,PITCH caused by X-RAYS,CERTAIN OILS,PITCH ETC.ETC.

2.2.LUNG CANCERLUNG CANCER-Lung cancer is a hazard -Lung cancer is a hazard in gas industries,Arsenic roasting plants in gas industries,Arsenic roasting plants etc.etc.

3.3.CANCER BLADDERCANCER BLADDER- It was noted in - It was noted in ANILINE INDUSTRY,RUBBER INDUSTRY.It ANILINE INDUSTRY,RUBBER INDUSTRY.It was cased by AROMATIC AMINES.was cased by AROMATIC AMINES.

CONTROL THE INDUSTRIAL CONTROL THE INDUSTRIAL CANCERCANCER

Well designed building for Well designed building for machineries. machineries.

Closed system of production.Closed system of production.

Medical examination.Medical examination.

Inspection of factories.Inspection of factories.

Education of workers and Education of workers and management also.management also.

Research.Research.

ACCIDENTS IN INDUSTRYACCIDENTS IN INDUSTRY

a. a. Human factors Human factors ::

1.1.Physicals factors.Physicals factors.

2.2.Physiological factors.Physiological factors.

3.3.Psychological factors.Psychological factors.

b. b. Environmental factors :Environmental factors :

1.1.Temperature.Temperature.

2.2.Humidity.Humidity.

3.3.Noise and unsafe machines.Noise and unsafe machines.

PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTSPREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS1. Adequate preplacement examination.1. Adequate preplacement examination.

2. Adequate job training.2. Adequate job training.

3. Continuing education.3. Continuing education.

4. Ensuring safe working environment under 4. Ensuring safe working environment under safety engineers.safety engineers.

5. Periodic surveys for finding out hazards.5. Periodic surveys for finding out hazards.

6. Careful reporting and maintenance of 6. Careful reporting and maintenance of records.records.

PREVENTION OF PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASESOCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

a.a. Medical measures :Medical measures :

1.1. Preplacement examination.Preplacement examination.

2.2. Periodical examination.Periodical examination.

3.3. Medical and health care services.Medical and health care services.

4.4. Notification.Notification.

5.5. Inspection of working environment.Inspection of working environment.

6.6. Maintenance & analysis of records.Maintenance & analysis of records.

7.7. Health education & counselling.Health education & counselling.

b. b. Engineering measures :Engineering measures :

1.Design of buildings.1.Design of buildings.

2.Good house keeping.2.Good house keeping.

3.General ventilation.3.General ventilation.

4.Replacement of harmful materials.4.Replacement of harmful materials.

5.Dust control.5.Dust control.

6.Local exhaust ventilation.6.Local exhaust ventilation.

7.Environmental monitoring.7.Environmental monitoring.

8.Reserch.8.Reserch.

c. c. Legislation :Legislation :

1.The factories act 1948.1.The factories act 1948.

2.The employees state insurance act 2.The employees state insurance act 1948.1948.

Thank Thank YouYou