Occupational Health & Safety Management Systems

Done by

Dr:Rakan Azhar

Key legislation

• Health and Safety at Work etc, Act 2001o original act 1974

• Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999

• Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002o normally referred to as COSHH

BS 8800 (National Health Service SAFECODE)

• http://www.safecode.co.uk/Power%20Point%20Presentations/management/sld004.htm

BS 8800/OHSAS 18001• BS 8800

o non-certifiable guidance document

o use when implementing a health and safety system within ISO 14001

• OHSAS 18001 o from ANSI (American National Standards Institute)o an auditable management system

BS 8800 (National Health Service SAFECODE)

• http://www.safecode.co.uk/Power%20Point%20Presentations/management/sld017.htm

OHSAS 18001

• OHSAS 18001(Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series)o published in April 1999

o specifies requirements of a OH&S MS

o designed to be applicable to• all types and sizes of companies

• diverse geographical, cultural and social conditions.

OHSAS 18001• Certification against OHSAS

is aimed at the way a company has

o knowledge of ...o and control over ...

all relevant risks resulting fromnormal operations and abnormal situations.

OHSAS 18001• Growing demand for a management

system based standard for OH&S

• stand alone management system or integrated with either their ISO 14001 or ISO 9001 management system.

• expect an accreditation scheme will emerge within the next 2 years

OHSAS 18001

• OHSAS 18001 structure - six sections: • General Requirements

• OH&S Policy

• Planning

• Implementation and Operation

• Checking and Corrective Action

• Management Review

OHSAS 18001

OHSAS (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series) 18001

• OHSAS 18001: Specifications for OH&S Management Systems

• OHSAS 18002: Guidance for OH&S Management Systems

• OHSAS 18003: Criteria for auditors of OH&S Management Systems

OHSAS 18001

• Traditional occupational health and safety management reacted to work related incidents.

• OHSAS 18001 plans for the control of work related risks.

OHSAS 18001• H&S costs facing organizations

include but are not limited to:o investigation time,

o wages paid for lost time,

o training replacements,

o extra supervisory and clerical time,

o decreased output of worker upon return

o the loss of business and goodwill

OHSAS 18001Benefits of Registration: potential reduction in the number of accidents

potential reduction in downtime and associated costs

demonstration of legal and regulatory compliance

demonstration of commitment to stakeholders

demonstration of innovative, forward thinking approach

increased access to new customers and business

better management of risks, now and in the future

potential reduced public liability insurance costs

Some URLs for BS8800/OHSAS 18001

• http://www.bvqina.com/ohsas18001.html

• http://www.nsaiinc.com/ohas.html• http://www.isoqar.com/ohsas18001/hsintro.htm• http://www.safecode.co.uk/Power%20Point%20Presentations/management/sld001.htm

• http://www.futurepast.com/h-ssys.htm• http://www.arkhealthandsafety.com/html/FCTSHEET.HTM

• http://www.nqa.com/stand6.htm

British Standards for Occupational & Personal Safety

Search terms on BSI shop website:• Ergonomics• Noise with respect to human beings • Industrial hygiene • Protection against electric shock. • Protective equipment • Radiation measurements • Radiation protection • Safety of machinery • Vibration and shock

British Standards for PPE• Hand and arm protection • Head protective equipment • Leg and foot protection • Lifejackets, buoyancy aids and flotation • Protection against falling and slipping • Protective clothing • Respiratory protective devices• Radiation measurements/protection• Safety of machinery• Vibration and shock + general/other

COSHH

• Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1999

• What are hazardous substances? substances used directly in work activities

eg glues, paints, cleaning agents

substances generated during work activities eg fumes from soldering and welding

naturally occurring substances eg grain dust, blood, bacteria

COSHH• Health effects are the different ways

you can become ill: o cancer o dermatitis o occupational asthma o poisono reproductive toxicity

• harm to unborn or breast feeding children, or to fertility

COSHH• COSHH does cover, e.g.:

o chemicals or mixtures of substanceso substances with occupational exposure

limits o biological agents o dusts, in certain concentrations o any other substances which have similar

hazards to health but for technical reasons may not be specifically covered by CHIP ...

CHIP

Chemicals (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply) Regulations 1994. o to ensure that people supplied with chemicals

receive the information they need to protect themselves, others and the environment.

o obliges suppliers to identify the hazards and pass on this information with advice on safe use. This is usually done by means of package labels and safety data sheets.

Health.pp

Corrosive Explosive Oxidising Extremely flammable

Highly flammable

Very toxic Toxic Harmful Irritant Danger to environment

CHIP symbols from http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1994/Uksi_19943247_en_4.htm#end

COSHH• the presence (or not) of a warning label

will indicate whether COSHH is relevant

• COSHH does not cover: o asbestos and lead o radioactive substances per seo explosive or flammable substances o chemicals at high temperature / pressure.

Other laws apply in these cases

7 steps to COSHHo Step 1

Work out what hazardous substances are used in your work place and find out the risks from using these substances to people's health.

o Step 2 Decide what precautions are needed before starting work with hazardous substances.

7 steps to COSHHo Step 3

Prevent people being exposed to hazardous substances, but where this is not reasonably practicable, control the exposure.

o Step 4 Make sure control measures are used and maintained properly and that safety procedures are followed.

7 steps to COSHHo Step 5

If required, monitor exposure of employees to hazardous substances.

o Step 6 Carry out health surveillance where your assessment has shown that this is necessary or COSHH makes specific requirements.

o Step 7 Make sure employees are properly informed, trained and supervised.

COSHH• Consider:

o changing the process or activity• eg mixing in a closed vessel to minimise vapour

o replacing it with a safer alternative • is the hazardous substance essential

o using it in a safer form• eg pellets are less dusty than powder.

• and then:o use appropriate

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

URLs for COSHH

• http://www.hse.gov.uk/hthdir/noframes/coshh/

• http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg181.pdf

• http://www.rsc.org/pdf/ehsc/comprsn.pdf

• http://www.hseni.gov.uk/pdfs/coshh.pdf

• http://www.dti.gov.uk/chemicals/atlas/• http://www.plantsci.rdg.ac.uk/research-services/COSHH/coshh.html

• http://www.fastplanonline.co.uk/

BBC Safety Net on-linehttp://www.bbc-safety.co.uk/default.htm

• Selection, use, & maintenance of safety equipment including personal protective equipment (February 1997)o http://www.bbc-safety.co.uk/guidance/safety_equipment.html

• Guide to Programme Risk AssessmentProduction, Broadcast & News Safety Services (November, 1999)o http://www.bbc-safety.co.uk/guidance/pra.html

Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)

• EC Directive 2002/95/EC

• restricts use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment

• legislation affects manufacturers, sellers, distributors and recylers of electrical and electronic equipment

RoHS ii• specific to

o leadomercuryo cadmiumo hexavalent chromiumo polybrominated  biphenylso polybrominated diphenyl ethers.

ROHS iii

oDirective covers the same scope as the WEEE (waste electrical and electronic equipment directive)

o except for medical devices and monitoring and control instruments.

o applies to electric light bulbs and light fittings in households.

REACH

• Registration,Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)

REACH intends to ...• improve the protection of

human health and the environment

• encourage the substitution of hazardous chemicals by safer ones

• maintain competitiveness andenhance the innovative capability ofthe EU chemicals industry

• promote research and development leading to new products.

REACH

• passes responsibility formanagement of risks from chemicals to the industry

• requires the provision ofappropriate safety information

RISK ASSESSMENT

• essential for safe working

• applicable beyond OH&S

• quick assessment of relative risks

• simple methodology, usuallyoRisk factor = probability x severityo other forms may be used

e.g. Yoxon & Sheldon for EMS (last week)

Fire risk assessment

• Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005o from 01 October 2006,

all owners/occupiers of UK business premises have to carry out a Fire Risk Assessment on their buildings

Probability

• 1 = unlikely

• 2 = possible

• 3 = probable

Severity

• 1 = minor

• 2 = serious

• 3 = critical

Risk factor

• 1-3 = low risk

• 4 = medium risk

• 6 or 9 = high risk

• NB: the number must beo calculated, NOT estimated separately o the product of 1, 2 or 3

so RF cannot be 5, 7, 8.

Risk assessment as a TableOne Row / activity with Columns for:• Reference number• Activity• Task• Hazards• Persons in Danger• Probability (P)• Severity (S) • Risk Factor (R = P*S)• Controls in Place or Action to be Taken• Additional  Requirements

Risk assessments for BRL007

• Table of risks for compositesmanufacturing and associated processes at http://www.tech.plym.ac.uk/sme/MATS324/risk.htm

• primary importance is relative risko permitting minimisation of problems arising

• document recommends best practiceo actions to be takeno controls to be in placeo additional requirements