Occupational Hygiene and Sustainability

Steve Bailey

GSK

Sustainability & Environment

Pharma in the Millenium

Weak pipelinesNew drug

approvalsPatent

expiriesPatient safety

Disclosure of data

Access to medicines

PricingParallel imports

Taxation

Marketing practices

Clinical trials

CEO pay

Animal rights

Economic Recession

“When we got into office, thething that surprised me mostwas to find that things were justas bad as we’d been saying they were” John F. Kennedy

U.S. unemployment was 9.7% in March 2010, the highest rate since 1983 and roughly twice the pre-crisis rate

The Outstanding Public Debt as of 19 Mar 2010 is $12.6 trillion, and rising

The estimated population of the United States is 308,038,602so each citizen's share of this debt is $41,116.79

The National Debt has continued to increase an average of $4.05 billion per day since September 28, 2007

Social impacts

Charles H. Green,

Trusted Advisor Associates 2009

“Trust in the world of business has evaporated as the world’s most

severe economic crisis since the Great Depression is causing

millions around the globe to lose their jobs and wiped out billions of

dollars of invested capital.” 

Social impacts

Business for Social Responsibility (2009)

Sustainability Road Map• Develop business strategies based on

long- term trends• Innovate for sustainability and value• Think big - develop systemic answers• Refocus on partnerships with governments• Rebuild trust

Social impacts

PWC: Rebuilding the Global Economy (2009)

“The global economic and financial crisis as well as environmental concerns have brought sustainability into sharp

relief.”

“We in big pharma should never take for granted our right to exist, our business model is not written into any country’s

constitution. So we should be turning up for work every day with the mindset that we are earning the right to exist. We are earning it by meeting the expectations of society. When you start to think like this,

you see the world differently.”

Andrew Witty, CEO GlaxoSmithKline

Business Impacts

“Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

Brundtland Commission, United Nations 1987

Humanity’s Ecological Footprint

NaturalResources

Goods andServices

Pollution, Waste and Environmental

Disturbances

Resource Depletion

The Triple Bottom Line

Economic

Sustainability means thinking about the future when we make decisions today

It’s a way of life

Environmental Issues for Pharma

Climate change

Loss of biodiver

sity

Hazardous

chemicals

Disposal of

unused medicin

esPharmaceuticals

in the environment

Genetically

modified organis

ms

Ozone depletio

n

Waste disposal

Resource

depletion

Water scarcity

Nanotechnology

Sustainability Challenges for Pharma

Access to medicines

Patient safety

Pricing of medicines

etc Work

Growth and financial

health

Innovation and pipeline

Generic vs. research

etc

Environmental footprint Climate

change

Water

etc

Community and

workforce

Pharmaceutical Products

What do our products do?

• treat asthma, HIV/AIDS, malaria, depression, migraine, diabetes, heart failure, digestive conditions, cancer…

Prescription medicines

• protect against hepatitis A and B, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, typhoid and influenza, cervical cancer

Vaccines

• over-the counter medicines like acetaminophen and ibuprofen

• nutritional products and health supplements

Consumer healthcare products

GSK’s Active Ingredients

Approx. 2,400 Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) and intermediates

In-house exposure limits set from toxicology

Classified by Occupational Hazard Categories (OHCs)

70% are OHC-3 or higher

Skin exposure becomes an increasingly important route in the higher OHCs

Exp

osur

e Li

mit

(mic

rogr

ams

per c

ubic

met

re)

OHC- 1

OHC- 2(269)

OHC- 3

OHC- 4

5000

1000

100

10

1

Least hazardous

Most hazardous

Exp

osur

e Li

mit

(mic

rogr

ams

per c

ubic

met

re)

OHC -1

OHC- 2

OHC- 3

OHC- 4

5000

1000

100

10

1

Least hazardous

Most hazardousOHC-5

Exp

osur

e Li

mit

(mic

rogr

ams

per c

ubic

met

re)

OHC- 1

OHC- 2(269)

OHC- 3

OHC- 4

5000

1000

100

10

1

Least hazardous

Most hazardous

Exp

osur

e Li

mit

(mic

rogr

ams

per c

ubic

met

re)

OHC -1

OHC- 2

OHC- 3

OHC- 4

5000

1000

100

10

1

Least hazardous

Most hazardousOHC-5

Examples of OHCs

• penicillins: respiratory sensitisers causing occupational asthma

• nicotine: systemic and reproductive toxicity

OHC-3: <100µgm

3

• corticosteroids: skin allergy• testosterone: hormonal

reproductive effects

OHC-4: <10µgm3

• cytotoxic cancer treatments, eg.• hycamtin (reduced white cell

counts)• idoxifene (withdrawn candidate

treatment for advanced cancer)

OHC-5: <1µgm3

Steroid Withdrawal

Rash

Challenges of protection

A “Respirator-Free” environment is a workplace where:– containment at source rather

than respirators (RPE) or protective clothing (PPE) is used as the primary form of control

– airborne exposures are below the Occupational Exposure limit (OEL)

– dermal exposure controlled

Our policy is that new and changed processes are designed to be Respirator-Free

Respirator-Free

Benefits of containment at source

Health - reduces risk of over-exposure and incidental exposure of co-workers

Quality - reduces risk of cross-contamination

Productivity - reduces cleaning, changing times, process interventions; improves ergonomics

Costs - reduces operating costs for respirator programme, breathing air supply, aircon and room ventilation

Employees - avoids discomfort and isolation; easier communications; improves safety

Environmental - reduces product losses, easier to treat releases

Energy savings & climate change

Saving airflow at high performance fume hoods by better design and operation– automatic sash closing

saved 500 tonnes CO2 per year in one laboratory without affecting containment

Recirculating filtered air instead of exhausting it– using alarms to protect

the employees

75%

10%

10%5% HVAC / AC

ProcessGeneral utilitiesLighting and office

Challenging the Standards

Face velocity 100fpm 80fpm ??

Flushing volume25cfm/ft2 10.7cfm/ft2

Hood Width6ft 4ft 6in

Operating cost savings 20%-50%with further improvements possible

From Occupational Hygiene…… to Sustainability

Competitiveness

• Licence to operate• Productivity• Operating costs• Product Quality

Social Responsibility

• Health protection• Employee benefits

“Respect for People”

Environmental Responsibility

• Environmental protection

• Energy savings

OH“Building Trust”

Pollution Prevention and Hygiene

Types of ProjectsInput substitution 86%Preventive Maintenance 46%Water Conservation or Quality 31%In-process Recycling 23%Operations and Maintenance 20%

Roelofs et al. AOEH, 15(11), 843-850,2000

1989 MassachusettsToxics Use Reduction Act:- changes in production processes or raw materials that reduce, avoid, or eliminate the use or generation of toxic or hazardous substances

Chemicals Policy

Societal pressure to eliminate use of chemicals that harm the environment

Reflected in “Producer Responsibility“ regulations (eg. REACH)

Occupational hygiene benefits, eg.– substitution of Carcinogens,

Mutagens and Reproductive toxins by the chemicals with the lowest toxicity and environmental impacts

– designing processes that use benign conditions (eg. aqueous solutions rather than organic solvents)

Manufacture of APIs

Manufacture of APIs requires raw materials, reagents, solvents

It involves many hazardous processes and wastes

Introduction of sustainability principles is led by new products

Encourages simplification and reduced use of materials

Embedding sustainability into New Product Development

Embedding sustainability into New Product Development

Source: Eco-Design ToolkitMethodology:

Curzons AD, Constable DJC, Cunningham VL. 1999 Clean Products and Processes 1:82-90 and Jiménez-González C, Curzons AD, Constable DJC, Cunningham VL. 2005 J. of Clean Tech. and Env..Pol 7:42-50,

Source: Eco-Design ToolkitMethodology:

Curzons AD, Constable DJC, Cunningham VL. 1999 Clean Products and Processes 1:82-90 and Jiménez-González C, Curzons AD, Constable DJC, Cunningham VL. 2005 J. of Clean Tech. and Env..Pol 7:42-50,

Chemical Legislation Guide

Conclusions

• core to Respect for People and Building Trust

• encourages innovation and simplification• benefits efficiency and product quality

Occupational hygiene is an

essential foundation for Sustainability

• improve standards of occupational hygiene• encourage substitution• reduce quantities handled• integrate hygiene into the business

Sustainabilityis an opportunity

• develop broader skills • better knowledge of the business • opportunity to show leadership

Hygienistsshould act !

Environment, Health, Safety

and Sustainability…

a matter of policySafeguard people and enhance their wellbeing

Protect our communities and the environment

Lead in what we do

Make continuous improvement

Integrate sustainability into our business

Be transparent with everyone

Sustainability @ GSK

Sustainability @ GSK

A sustainable business will build trust & deliver more products of value simplify the operating model thrive in a culture of individual empowerment

Why…

GSK CEO Sustainability Awards

• Environmental Sustainability

• Health and Safety Sustainability

• Sustainable Science and Technology

• Environmental Sustainability

• Health and Safety Sustainability

• Sustainable Science and Technology

www.OHlearning.com

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Sustainability @ GSK

the power to build trust

GSK Occupational Hygienists from around the world meeting in UK