ocean circulation
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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Ocean Circulation
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Salinity•Amount of salts and minerals dissolved in water
•Varies throughout•Average = 35 ppt or 3.5%
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Density•Salt water is more dense than fresh water
•Cold water is more dense than warm water
•Pycnocline – area of rapid increase in density with depth
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Temperature•Warm water expands and stays above colder water
•Only fresh water evaporates or freezes. The salt is left behind.
•Thermocline – area of rapid decrease in temperature as depth increases
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Pressure•Increases with depth•Every 33 feet = 1 atmosphere
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Waves
•Wind speed•Wind duration•Fetch (distance over which wind blows)
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Surface Circulation•Controlled by temperature, wind, and coriolis effect
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Currents Affect Climate
•Warm currents make warmer climates
•California vs. East Coast•Gulf Stream warms Europe
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Climate Affects Currents
•Global warming & cooling can alter currents
•Changes in precipitation or evaporation can change salinity and density
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Deep Ocean Currents
•Controlled by density differences and the pull of the moon
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Circulation Cells – Not
Convection!• Heat source is above the water not below
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Water Masses
• Distinctive combinations of temperature and salinity
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Upwelling
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