ocean energy alla weinstein, president. ocean energy resources stage of technology development socio...
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Ocean EnergyOcean Energy
Alla Weinstein, PresidentAlla Weinstein, President
•Ocean Energy Resources
•Stage of Technology Development
•Socio Economic & Environmental Impacts
•Barriers to Overcome
•Cooperation
•Recommendations
AgendaAgenda
Ocean Energy Resources Ocean Energy Resources
•Wave Energy – 45,000 TWh/year
•Ocean Currents – 400 TWh/year
•Tidal – 1,800 TWh/year
•Ocean Thermal – 33,000 TWh/year
•Osmotic – 20,000 TWh/year
Ocean Energy PotentialOcean Energy Potential
Ocean Energy has the theoretical potential to Ocean Energy has the theoretical potential to satisfy the present global electricity demand satisfy the present global electricity demand
Source: Ocean Energy: Prospects & Potential, Isaacs & Schmitt, with 15% utilization factor & 50% capacity factor
•Ocean Energy state of the art – Has matured significantly over the last 5
years– Entered Early Commercialization
•Large scale test installations are either developed or under development
Stage of Technology Stage of Technology DevelopmentDevelopment
•Wave ~ 1.7 MW•Pico, Azores – 0.4 MW
•Limpet, Islay – 0.5 MW
•Pelamis, Portugal – 0.7 MW
•Tidal ~ 266 MW•Barrage – 240MW La Rance; 20MW CA; 5MW
China
•Current – 1MW, MCT, IE; 0.5MW, Verdant, USA
•OTEC ~ 0.2 MW•Hawaii, USA
Installed CapacityInstalled Capacity
Wave Energy GenerationWave Energy Generation
Annual average wave energy flux per unit width of wave crest (kilowatts/m)
Global Wave Power DistributionGlobal Wave Power Distribution
Wave Energy Conversion Wave Energy Conversion PrinciplesPrinciples
PICO Plant, PortugalPICO Plant, Portugal1999, 400kW1999, 400kW
LIMPET, Wavegen, UKLIMPET, Wavegen, UK2000, 500kW2000, 500kW
Onshore Wave – Grid Connected Onshore Wave – Grid Connected OWCOWC
Offshore Wave - OWCOffshore Wave - OWC
OceanLynx, AustraliaOceanLynx, Australia2005, 450 kW2005, 450 kW
OE Buoy, OE Buoy, IrelandIreland
2006, 20 KW2006, 20 KW
AWS, PortugalAWS, Portugal2005, 2MW2005, 2MW
Offshore Wave - Subsurface Offshore Wave - Subsurface
Wave Roller, FinlandWave Roller, Finland2006, 13 kW2006, 13 kW
Offshore Wave - SurfaceOffshore Wave - Surface
WaveDragon, DenmarkWaveDragon, Denmark2003, 20kW2003, 20kW
Pelamis, UKPelamis, UK2005, 750kW2005, 750kW
Offshore Wave – Point Offshore Wave – Point AbsorbersAbsorbers
Wavebob, IrelandWavebob, Ireland2006, 200kW2006, 200kW
Power Buoy, USAPower Buoy, USA2005, 40kW2005, 40kW
AquaBuOY, USAAquaBuOY, USA2007, ~ 20kW2007, ~ 20kW
Tidal Energy GenerationTidal Energy Generation
Tidal changes in sea level occur as Earth rotates beneath bulges in ocean envelope, which are produced by solar and lunar gravitational forces.
MOON’S ORBIT
North PoleEarth rotates counter-clockwise
Tidal ResourcesTidal Resources
1. Siberia2. Inchon, Korea3. Hangchow, China4. Hall's Point, Australia5. New Zealand6. Anchorage, Alaska7. Panama8. Chile9. Punta Loyola, Argentina10. Brazil
11. Bay of Fundy12. Frobisher Bay, Canada13. Wales, UK14. Antwerp, Belgium15. LeHavre, France16. Guinea17. Gujarat, India18. Burma19. Semzha River, Russia20. Colorado River, Mexico21. Madagascar
Tidal Range – La Rance, FranceTidal Range – La Rance, France
Tidal Current DevicesTidal Current Devices
Gorlov Helical Turbine, 2005, Gorlov Helical Turbine, 2005, USAUSA
Hammerfest Strom, 2006, Hammerfest Strom, 2006, NorwayNorway
Tidal Current DevicesTidal Current Devices
MTC, 2006, UKMTC, 2006, UKVerdant Power, 2006, Verdant Power, 2006,
USAUSA
Ocean CurrentsOcean Currents
Winds move 60 % of “excess heat” from equator to poles (primarily via extratropical and tropical storms), while ocean currents move 40% (thermohaline “conveyor belt”).
Global redistribution of heat by ocean currents. As global warming accelerates evaporative Global redistribution of heat by ocean currents. As global warming accelerates evaporative transfer of fresh water to poles, conveyor belt slows.transfer of fresh water to poles, conveyor belt slows.
Ocean Current DevicesOcean Current Devices
Open Hydro, 2007, UK (EMEC)Open Hydro, 2007, UK (EMEC)
Ocean Thermal ResourcesOcean Thermal Resources
Ocean Thermal EnergyOcean Thermal Energy
Sun-Sea, USASun-Sea, USAOTEC-Mini, 1998, Hawaii, OTEC-Mini, 1998, Hawaii, USAUSA
Osmotic EnergyOsmotic Energy
Osmotic EnergyOsmotic Energy
StatKarft, Norway StatKarft, Norway (randition)(randition)
•Socio Economic•Coastal job creations ~ 10-20 jobs/MW
•Utilization of existing infrastructure
•Emissions aversion
•Environmental– Three environmental assessments – FONSI– Main areas of concern – solved via design
•Withdrawal of energy
•Spill or leakage from hydraulic-based devices
•Noise for OWC
Socio Economic & Socio Economic & EnvironmentalEnvironmental
•Economic Incentives•Long-term feed-in tariffs have proven to work
•Access and availability of the electrical grid
•A major expansion factor
•Regulatory Framework•Standardization is required
•Availability of Resource Data
•Public Awareness
Non-Technical BarriersNon-Technical Barriers
•Cooperation should be encouraged and promoted
•Private investors are looking for:•Government support to offset initial risks
•Feed-in tariffs
•Long-term power purchase obligations
•Investor incentives
•Funding needs to concentrate on demonstration projects
EU Cooperation & InvestmentsEU Cooperation & Investments
•Large number of device concepts– Future funding programs should
concentrate bridging the “valley of death” and the “death peak”
•Grid availability will be a major hindering factor to growth
ConclusionConclusion
Contact InformationContact Information: : Tel : +32 (0)2 400 10 40 Tel : +32 (0)2 400 10 40 Fax: +32 (0)2 791 90 00Fax: +32 (0)2 791 90 00