ocean energy policy in indonesia_mukhtasor

Ocean Energy in Indonesia

Prof. Mukhtasor, Ph.D. Member of National Energy Council of Indonesia,

Chaiman of the Indonesian Ocean Energy Association,

Professor in the Department of Ocean Engineering ITS

Presented at OCEAN ENERGY WORKSHOP ,

ASELI, BPPT, JICA, OEAJ and Supported by ESDM and NEDO

Jakarta, 22 Nopember 2012 1

DEWAN ENERGI NASIONAL

2 2

Con tents

1. Introduction

2. Ocean Energy Policies

3. Development Status

4. Strategic Notes

5. Closure


3 3

Introduction (1)

Welcome to the nation of waters!...

• Indonesia is a country of “thousands of Islands”

Indonesia is also called as “Nusantara”.

“Nusa” means “islands”,

“antara” means “in between”

the nation of waters


4 4


5 5


6 6


7 7


8 8

Islands = 17,480

Ocean = 5.8 million km2

Ocean EEZ = 2.7 million km2

Costline = 95,180 km

Population (2010) = 236 million


9 9

Introduction (2)

• Ocean energy is renewable,

it is a new for Indonesia, and also for the world.

• National Energy Council is advocating

the development of ocean energy in Indonesia

through the National Energy Policy

Two reasons on demand and potentials

(markets and resources)


10 10

• LEADERSHIP

a. Chair : the President of the Republic of Indonesia

b. Vice Chair : the Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia

c. Daily Chair : the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources

• MEMBERS

NATIONAL ENERGY COUNCIL

GOVERNMENT STAKEHOLDERS

1. Ministry of Finance;

2. Ministry of Development

Planning (BAPPENAS);

3. Ministry of Transportation;

4. Ministry of Industry;

5. Ministry of Agriculture;

6. Menistry of Research and

Technology;

7. Ministry of Environment.

1. Mr. Agusman Effendi (Consument);

2. Dr. Tumiran (University);

3. Prof. Rinaldy Dalimi, Ph.D. (University);

4. Mr. Eddie WidionoS, M.Sc. (Industry);

5. Dr. Herman Darnel Ibrahim, M.Sc. (Industry)

6. Prof. Widjajono Partowidagdo, Ph.D.

(Technology);

7. Prof. Mukhtasor, Ph.D. (Environment);

8. Prof. Dr. Herman Agustiawan (Consument).

10



11

Population

2010

2015

2020

2025

Population 238,4 250,4 261,0 270,1

Women (productive) 65,7 68,5 70,1 70,9

0-14 years olds 64,1 63,6 62,1 60,2

Working 160,2 170,8 180,3 187,2

65+ 14,1 16,0 18,5 22,7

Source: Adapted from UN World Population Projection, 2002 Revision

Sonny Harry B. Harmadi, Jakarta, 24 February 2010


12

Projected Economics and Population Growth


2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

GDP TINGGI 5.8 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.0

GDP RENDAH 5.8 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 5.5

PENDUDUK 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0 G

row

th (

%)


13

• Populasi (data demografi UI)

• Ekonomi (masukan dari Bappenas)

• Data BPS : GDP tahun 2010 (berdasarkan harga konstan tahun 2000) sebesar 253 Miliar USD

dan GDP berdasarkan harga berlaku sebesar 703 Miliar USD ,

(nilai tukar rata-rata pada tahun 2010: 1$ = Rp. 9.136,-)

URAIAN SATUAN TAHUN

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050

POPULASI

Jumlah Penduduk Juta 238 251 262 271 280 299 307

Pertumbuhan Penduduk Rata-rata % 1.5 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.3

PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI

GDP (Berdasarkan Harga Konstan

Tahun 2000) Milliar USD *

253 359 527 774 1123 2229 4165

GDP per Kapita (Berdasarkan Harga

Konstan Tahun 2000) USD/kapita **

1061 1446 2017 2827 3948 7452 13568

Pertumbuhan GDP Rata-rata % 6.11 8.00 8.00 8.00 7.50 7.00 6.00

Harga Berlaku *) 703 Miliar USD **) 2954 USD/kapita DATA BPS

ASUMSI SKENARIO KEBUTUHAN ENERGI


14

Projected Energy Demand 2010-2050

(Estimated with help of MARKAL)

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

1. MTOE 97,05 137,35 190,76 260,49 343,90 438,79 555,97 662,42 757,17

2. MTOE 154,90 209,05 292,06 398,12 551,37 721,28 932,21 1137,76 1335,34

3. MTOE 13,67 21,04 32,16 47,45 67,36 93,80 128,49 173,35 222,86

4. GW 36,51 59,35 82,53 114,81 172,75 250,13 349,98 469,26 603,10

PROYEKSI

KONSUMSI ENERGI FINAL

KONSUMSI ENERGI PRIMER

KONSUMSI LISTRIK

KAPASITAS PEMBANGKIT


15

Proyeksi Kebutuhan Listrik

URAIAN SATUANTAHUN PROYEKSI

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050

KONSUMSI LISTRIK

Skenario Tinggi [BAU] TWh 148 245 397 628 933 1680 2710

Skenario Rendah [Efisien] TWh 148 208 341 511 733 1330 2100

Per Kapita Skenario Tinggi [BAU] kWh 620 980 1521 2316 3332 5619 8827

Per Kapita Skenario Rendah [Efisien] kWh 620 832 1308 1886 2618 4448 6840

Pertumbuhan Rata-rata [Efisien] % 7 7.1 10.4 8.4 7.5 6.1 4.7

ELASTISITAS 1.06 0.89 1.30 1.05 1.00 0.9 0.7

KAPASITAS PEMBANGKIT

Skenario Tinggi [BAU] GW 35 58 92 145 203 340 550

Skenario Rendah [Efisien] GW 35 49 79 115 159 270 430

UTILISASI RATA-RATA TAHUNAN

Skenario Tinggi [BAU] Hours 4722 4731 4791 4805 5065 5435 5420

Skenario Rendah [Efisien] Hours 4722 4754 4834 4977 5157 5468 5470


16

Implementasi Pengembangan Energi Terbarukan

NO ENERGI

TERBARUKAN

SUMBER DAYA

(SD)

KAPASITAS

TERPASANG

(KT)

RASIO KT/SD

(%)

1 2 3 4 5 = 4/3

1 Tenaga Air 75.670 MW 5.711 MW 7,54

2 Panas Bumi 29.038 MW 1.189 MW 4,00

3 Mini/Mikro Hydro 769,69 MW 228,75 MW 28,31

4 Biomass 49.810 MW 1.618,40 MW 3,25

5 Tenaga Surya 4,8 kWh/m2/day 13,5 MW -

6 Tenaga Angin 3 – 6 m/s 1,87 MW -

7 Energi Laut

Potensi Teoritis = 749.000 MW

Potensi Teknis = 49.000 MW

Potensi Praktis = 43.000 MW

Sedang

dibangun:

175 KW (Ristek)

-

Perkiraan, didasarkan dari Ditjen Energi Baru Terbarukan dan Konservasi Energi (2011).

Potensi energi laut dari hasil ratifikasi Asosiasi Energi Laut Indonesia (2011)


17

• Law No. 30/2007 on Energy

• Law No. 17/2007 on Long Term Development

Planning

• National Energy Policy (President Decree No.

5/2006) and Its Blueprint National Energy

Management

ENERGY POLICIES (1)


18

GEOTHERMAL

1,32 %

BIOFUELS, 5%

GEOTHERMAL, 5%

COAL LIQEFACTION

2 %

CURRENT ENERGY MIX (1 BILLION BOE)

OPTIMIZING

ENERGY

MANAGEMENT

NATIONAL (PRIMARY) ENERGY MIX

NATIONAL (PRIMARY) ENERGY MIX 2025

(BAU SCENARIO) (5 BILLION BOE)

NATIONAL ENERGY MIX 2025 ( 3 BILLION BOE)

(PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 5/2006)

National Energy Policy (President Decree No. 05/2006):

Energy Elastisity (<1) and Optimal Energi Mix

NATURAL

GAS

28,57 %

HYDRO POWER

3,11 %

OIL

51,66 % COAL

15,34 %

COAL

34,6 %

GAS

20,6 %

OIL

41,7 %

GEOTHERMAL

1,1 %

POWER PLANT

1,9 %

MINI/MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT

0,1 %

GAS

30 %

COAL

33 %

RE

17 %

OIL

20 %

BIOMASS, NUCLEAR,

HYDRO SOLAR ENERGY,

WIND POWER, 5 %

Slide 18


19

• The share of renewable energy is growing (old plan):

4.3% (2005) 17% (2025)

But this is mainly from geothermal and biofuel; while ocean

energy was not considered as potential sources by that time.

• Since 2007, new climate of ocean energy came;

bigger supports from various parties, including the

Law No. 20 of 2007 on Energy.

• The Law also creates a National Energy Council

(NEC) with an authority to design and formulate

national energy policy on behalf of the GOI; the

policy must be endorsed by Parliament.

ENERGY POLICIES (2)


20

• Recently, NEC is reviewing the current energy policy

and intends to increase the role of ocean enegy in

the energy mix of 2010-2050.

• Ocean energy systems are targeted to supply

electricity in the Indonesian energy system.

• The policy for greater use of marine resources is

relevant with Indonesia potentials and the

Indonesian Law of 17 of 2007 on the Long Term

National Development Plan.

ENERGY POLICIES (3)


21 21

Undang-undang No. 17 Tahun 2007 tentang Rencana Pembangunan

Jangka Panjang Nasional (RPJPN, Lampiran Bab IV, Subbab IV.1.6,

angka 2):

Pengelolaan Sumberdaya alam yang tidak terbarukan harus efisien

dan menetapkan strategi memperbesar cadangan dan diarahkan

untuk mendukung proses produksi di dalam negeri. Hasil atau

pendapatan yang diperoleh diarahkan untuk percepatan

pertumbuhan ekonomi :

Investasi pada sektor produktif

Upaya reklamasi dan konservasi

Memperkuat pendanaan energi alternatif yang menjadi jembatan

dari energi fosil ke energi yang terbarukan (termasuk

didalamnya, energi arus laut),

BASIS KEBIJAKAN ENERGI LAUT


22

Undang-undang No. 30 Tahun 2007 tentang Energi:

Sumber energi terbarukan adalah sumber energi yang dihasilkan

dari sumber daya energi yang berkelanjutan jika dikelala dengan

baik, antara lain panas bumi, angin, bioenergi, sinar matahari,

aiiran dan terjunan air, serta gerakan dan perbedaan suhu lapisar,

laut (Pasal 1, angka 6).

Penyediaan dan pemanfaatan energi terbarukan wajib ditingkatkan

oleh pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah (Pasal 20, angka 4 dan

Pasal 21, angka 2).

Penyediaan dan pemanfaatan energi dari sumber energi

terbarukan dapat memperoleh kemudahan dan/atau insentif dari

pemerintah dan/atau pemerintah daerah sesuai kewenangannya

untuk jangka waktu tertentu hingga tercapai nilai keekonomiannya

(Pasal 20, angka 5; Pasal 21, angka 3).


23 23

RPJPN ke - 3 (2010 – 2014): Industri kelautan yang meliputi

perhubungan laut, industri maritim, perikanan, wisata bahari,

energi dan sumberdaya mineral dikembangkan secara sinergi,

optimal dan berkelanjutan.

Perpres No. 5 Tahun 2006 tentang KEN mengatur bahwa Menteri

ESDM menetapkan Blue Print Pengelolaan Energi Nasional (PEN)

yang memuat diantaranya pengelolaan sumberdaya energi dan

pemanfaatannya (Pasal 4, ayat 1 dan ayat 2 huruf c).


24 24

Draft: Energy Mix Scenario (2010 – 2050)

2030

Minyak 20

Gas 15 Batubara

25 Minyak

19,4

Gas 18,8 Batubara

31

Minyak 49,7

Gas 20,1

Batubara 24,5

2010 2025

2050

(%)

EBT

5,7

EBT

25

EBT

40

EBT

30,9

5.7

15.0

25

30.9

40

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

2010 2020 2025 2030 2050

%

Minyak Bumi

Gas Bumi

Batubara

EBT

EBT (energi air, panas bumi, biomasa

sampah, bahan bakar nabati,

energi surya, energi laut,

energi angin, dan batubara

tercairkan dan tergaskan, CBM.

Dan nuklir pilihan terakhir)

Minyak 25

Gas 20 Batubara

30


25

• The GOI supports activities in promotion and

development of ocean energy (grant and projects):

– The Agency for Technology Assessment and

Application (BPPT) under coordination of the

Ministry of Research and Technology.

– Universities (ITS, ITB, Dharma Persada and

others)

– Balitbang Kementrian (R and D Within the

Ministies – MEMR and MFO)

Policies on R and D in Ocean Energy (1)


26

• The research planning for the development of tidal

current is:

– Phase 1 (RPJM II): Development of tidal current

energy plant of 10 - 100 kW

– Phase 2 (RPJM III): Development of tidal current

energy plant of 3 MW – Marine Current Turbine

Farm

– Phase 3 (RPJM IV): Development of tidal current

energy plant for domestic electicity and for

producing biofuel or marine biofuel.

Policies on R and D in Ocean Energy (2)


27 27

No Type Location Capacity Note

1

Marine current (BPPT,

Indonesian Hydrodynamics

Laboratory) Flores, NTT 2 kW

It was in operation,

and being upscaled to

10 kW

2

Marine current (KOBOLD,

PdA Italy and PT. Walinusa

Energy)

East Lombok,

NTB 175 kW

Schedulled in 2012

(Ristek)

3

OTECS (Cooperation with

Netherland) North Bali, Bali 100 kW

Cancelled, economc

crisis. FS was daone

4 OWC (BPPT, BPDP) Yogyakarta

Cancelled, initial

contraction was done

5

Wave coverter – Pendulum

type (Indonesian technolog)

Madura – East

Java

3,5 KW to be

scalled to 100 KW

per pontoon,

Field test, 2012

Previous Effort on the Implementation of OE


28

• Ocean energy has nowdays been received a

greater attention from universities, government

agencies, companies and public.

• The Indonesian Ocean Energy Association

(INOCEAN) has been established to foster

research, development, publication and

application of ocean energy.

• Activities towards ocean energy projects

Recent Development (1)


29

• Greater attention on ocean energy in Indonesia:

– Greater funding from the National and Provincial

Governments

– Very active seminars, worshops and public media

– Proposal for Sandwich master/doctoral programs

– Activities in governement on capacity buildings

and research and developments

– On development of the national ocean energy

roadmap within renewable energy development



30

• Indonesian Ocean Energy Association (INOCEAN):

– Goal:

“Encouraging the widespread utilization of ocean

energy in Indonesia”

– Objective:

“To accommodate stakeholders and to facilitate

members for increasing their role in ocean

energy utilization”



31

• Indonesian Ocean Energy Association (INOCEAN):

– Ratification of the national-wide of ocean energy

potential (2011)

– Dessimination of international development of OE

– Advocation for OE projects and collaborations



32

Theoretical

(GW)

Technical

(GW)

Practical

(GW)

Tidal current 160.0 22.5 4.8

Ocean wave 510.0 2.0 1.2

Ocean thermal 57.0 52.0 * 43.0 * Total 727.0 76.5 49.0

*depending on the technological maturity and market development, including

availability of successful project in gird connection.

INOCEAN (2011) has ratified national-wide

ocean energy potentials based on previously

conducted exploration/surveys


33

DEPLOYMENT SELAT ALAS

(Erwandi 2010)


34

A Comparison: ADCP and Numerical (Erwandi 2010)

ADCP vs Numerical

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Day

V (

m/s

)

Numerical

Measurement


35

Tidal Current Energy Reserves (INOCEAN 2011)


36

Wave Energy Reserves (INOCEAN 2011)


37

Ocean Thermal Energy Reserves


38

• Towards the OE implementation and projects

– Double tracts strategy for the OE implementation

To increase the energy access

Electricity ratio is currently is about 67%

Limited access to electricity is commonly at small

islands populations and less developed regions

To reduce the oil “addiction” , which takes about

15% of national budget for energy subsidies



39

Implementation

Matrix of Ocean

Energy (On ASELI

advocating)

Type

Tidal Current Ocean Wave Ocean

Thermal

Ca

pa

cit

y (

MW

)

Micro-OE

(< 0.05)

EBTKE (2012)

KKP-ITB (2012)

BPPT (2012)

ITS/GEI (2012)

Ristek (2012)

Mini-OE

( 0.05 to 5)

Indonesia -AFD France

(2013-2014)

Indonesia-Germany SPICE

III (2013-2014)

PLN (2014)

Kepri (2012)

Bontang (2014)

Kota Baru

(2014)

Medium-OE

( 5 to 25)

???

Large-OE

(> 50)

Proposed Implementation targets

The act no 17/2007 on the long-term national development plan

(RPJPN, appendix, chapter IV, section IV.1.6, number 2)

mandates the development of ocean energy within the mid-term

plan (2009-2014)

INOCEAN proposed to established pilot project of ocean energy

power plant, connected to the grid, starting in 2014, at minimum

of:

– 1 MW tidal current energy

– 1 MW wave energy

The medium and long term run would be OTEC pilot plant.

The most viable potential of 6000 MW ocean energy power

plant is proposed to be realized in 2030.


41

• The resources are great, their development need a

greater efforts and supports, nationally and

internationally.

• As nation of waters, Indonesia is the best location as

a window of technological implementation on ocean

energy.

CLOSURE


42

THANK YOU TERIMA KASIH

Email: [email protected]

ocean energy policy in indonesia_mukhtasor

Documents

closure dewan energi

ministry of energy

development of ocean

ocean energy workshop

ocean energy policies

islands indonesia

national energy policy

department of ocean