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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion AsiaPacific Clean Energy Conference 2012 Joe Van Ryzin, V.P. Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. Waimanalo, Hawaii August 14, 2012 www.makai.com Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 1

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Page 1: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversionenergy.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/JoeVanRyzin.pdf · Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Asia‐Pacific Clean Energy Conference 2012 Joe Van

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

Asia‐Pacific Clean Energy Conference 2012

Joe Van Ryzin, V.P.Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc.Waimanalo, Hawaii

August 14, 2012

www.makai.comMakai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 1

Page 2: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversionenergy.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/JoeVanRyzin.pdf · Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Asia‐Pacific Clean Energy Conference 2012 Joe Van

Temperature difference between warm surface water and deep cold 

water drives a Rankinecycle to turn a turbine to 

produce power.  

Closed Cycle OTEC System 

Surface vs Deep Water Temperature Delta

40ºF

78ºF

46ºF

72°F

Xenesys

30 ft.3000

 ft.OTEC 

Cold Water Pipe (CWP)

OTEC Fundamentals

Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 2

Page 3: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversionenergy.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/JoeVanRyzin.pdf · Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Asia‐Pacific Clean Energy Conference 2012 Joe Van

OTEC plants are:

• Located in tropics• Access to deep cold water• Access to warm surface 

water• Floating Offshore most likely

• Platform:  like oil rig• Mooring in deep water

• Large Vertical pipeline• Cable to shore• Large size

• Economy of size dictates ~100MW

• ~10m Pipeline

Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 3

Page 4: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversionenergy.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/JoeVanRyzin.pdf · Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Asia‐Pacific Clean Energy Conference 2012 Joe Van

Hawaii OTEC• 6 km to shore• 1.2 km deep

4Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 4

Page 5: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversionenergy.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/JoeVanRyzin.pdf · Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Asia‐Pacific Clean Energy Conference 2012 Joe Van

Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 5

Why OTEC? Massive energy source Firm renewable power (base load) 24/7

Non competitive with other vital resources:  land, water, food

Energy Security Near zero carbon emissions Today – OTEC is economically viable at large sizes (100MW and larger) in island communities such as Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico

Page 6: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversionenergy.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/JoeVanRyzin.pdf · Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Asia‐Pacific Clean Energy Conference 2012 Joe Van

OTEC: the Alternative EnergyElephant in the Room

Typical Alt Energy numbers:• Number of jobs• Tons of CO2 saved• Barrels of oil• ???????The numbers that count:• Potential:  100% Hawaii Energy (or 100% world energy)

• Economically viable in Hawaii at large scale

Our focus on near term, low‐lying fruit, & low‐budget “solutions” encourages ignoring the elephant.  With a 100% goal, the elephant is hard to ignore.

Page 7: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversionenergy.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/JoeVanRyzin.pdf · Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Asia‐Pacific Clean Energy Conference 2012 Joe Van

Beyond HawaiiImmediate

• Ideal base load power for  HI, PR, Guam, US Bases

Mid Range• Development of huge export 

market; grid connected: • Alternate Energy solution and 

Global Warming solution for tropical regions.

Longer Range• Ammonia Production• Development of strategic‐size OTEC 

industry feeding mainland• low risk backup to potentially 

higher risk coal, gas, nuclear. • technology matures based on grid‐

Connected plants alone. 

Page 8: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversionenergy.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/JoeVanRyzin.pdf · Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Asia‐Pacific Clean Energy Conference 2012 Joe Van

Programs• Active and Cooperative/Competitive Programs:

– OTE Corp – Bahamas land based effort– OTEC International, Abel Foundation – NELHA demonstration land based– France, DCNS – pilot plant at Reunion Island or Martinique, EU support– Lockheed – working toward 5‐10MW Pilot Plant– EHS – OTEC plans in Pacific– Japan – Long term and continuing development, Okinawa small plant– US Navy – ONR – support of HX development work– DOE – small R&D support

• Financing is always the issue

Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 8

Page 9: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversionenergy.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/JoeVanRyzin.pdf · Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Asia‐Pacific Clean Energy Conference 2012 Joe Van

• Testing Facility to evaluate performance of OTEC HXs (NavFac)

• Continued HX development and testing (ONR)

• Aluminum HX corrosion testing lab.

Makai’s OTEC Testing Facility

Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 9

Page 10: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversionenergy.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/JoeVanRyzin.pdf · Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Asia‐Pacific Clean Energy Conference 2012 Joe Van

Very Significant Flows

One 100 MW plant: 420 m3 /sec Warm (~25°C) SW

320 m3 /sec Deep (~4°C) SW

1000 MW (10 plants, i.e., all Oahu): 2/3 of cubic km per day

OTEC Plume Modeling

10

DARPA/CEROS and DoE funded withadditional support/assistance from:• University Hawaii Regional Ocean Models• Validation with NAVFAC sponsored mooring• John Hamrick (TetraTech) and Matt Church

(University Hawai`i)• NOAA reviews and presentations:

• OTEC Env. Workshop, Honolulu, June 2010

• Peer Review w/ Kerry Kehoe, Manassas, Mar 2011

Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc.

Page 11: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversionenergy.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/JoeVanRyzin.pdf · Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Asia‐Pacific Clean Energy Conference 2012 Joe Van

Chlorophyll levels drop at ~120m due to light limitations, NOT nutrient limitations.

Biological Modeling

11Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc.

•Goal is to provide quantifiable predictions that aid regulators and engineers in the decision making process.

•Is the discharge deep enough?•What is the potential for increased primary production?

Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 11

Page 12: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversionenergy.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/JoeVanRyzin.pdf · Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Asia‐Pacific Clean Energy Conference 2012 Joe Van

Hurdles:Cost:• Everything is big: pipes, pumps, heat exchangers.• At‐sea is costly• Small Plants are not economical, large ones are.• Small Pilot Plants are expensive:  costly start‐up. 

Technology:• Most technologies are mature and ready• CWP needs demonstration• Development of cost‐effective alternatives• HX, Platforms, etc.

Frustration: An OTEC plant can be built at the 100MW scale providing 24/7 power for Oahu at attractive long‐term electrical rates (on par with neighbor island wind PPA for non‐firm power)

Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 12

Page 13: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversionenergy.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/JoeVanRyzin.pdf · Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Asia‐Pacific Clean Energy Conference 2012 Joe Van

Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. 13

Don’t ignore the elephant