oceanic hot spots. a chain of volcanoes is created by the moving plate: the hotspot stays in one...
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Oceanic Hot Spots
A Chain of Volcanoes is created by the moving plate:
• The hotspot stays in one place while the plate moves over it
• Click here for a visualization
Examples of Lava Flows on Kilauea
Magma Type? Silica? Explosive?
Magma Formation
Lava
Landform
Plate Tectonics
Where on Earth
Basaltic LOW Rarely
Increase in temperature
Flows: Pahoehoe, Aa, Pillow
Does not occur at a plate boundary
Shield Volcano, Chain of Islands
Hawaii, Iceland
Continental Hot Spots
YellowstoneAbout 600,000 years ago:
– HUGE volcanic eruptions occurred in Yellowstone, emptying a large underground magma chamber.
– Volcanic debris spread for thousands of square miles in a matter of minutes.
– The roof of this chamber collapsed, forming a giant smoldering pit.
– This caldera was 30 miles (45 km) across, 45 miles (75 km) long, and several thousand feet deep.
– Eventually the caldera was filled with lava.
15-13mya
Obsidian: Volcanic glass are common rhyolitic flows
The Grand Canyon of Yellowstone is made out of rhyolite.
Basalt flows can also occur at continental hot spots because some of the magma comes directly from the
mantle.
Magma Type? Silica? Explosive?
Magma Formation
Lava
Landform
Plate Tectonics
Where on Earth
Rhyolitic HIGH Extremely
Increase in temperature
MAINLY Rhyolitic Flows (Obsidian), but also Basaltic flows.
In Yellowstone this formed a caldera.
Does not occur at a plate boundary.
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming and Montana