Oceans

Earth’s Oceans• 71% Earth’s Surface is

water• Mostly Ocean• Divided by continents

into 5 Oceans• Pacific (Largest),

Atlantic (2nd), Indian, Arctic, and Southern Ocean.

Oceans cont…

• 97% is ocean water.• Only 3% is freshwater.– 2% is locked up in glaciers

and ice caps.– 1% is usable by humans

• Groundwater • Rivers • lakes

History of Earth’s Oceans

• Like Pangea, oceans were one giant body of water too.

• Panthalassa• Oceans formed when

Pangaea broke apart• Review: What was the

mechanism for Continental Drift?

Elements, substances, compound

• Element – pure substance. Simplest form it can be

• Pure Substance – only one type of particle. Gold, Silver, Copper

• Compound – two or more elements jointed together.

• Water = H and O• Vinegar = H, C, O• Carbon Dioxide = C, O

Ocean Water

• It is salty• NaCl aka Sodium

Chloride• NaCl – has two or more

elements (Compound)• How did it get there?• Other minerals in water

too.

Chock full of solids

• Ocean water evaporates• Leaves behind a

dissolved solid• NaCl = most abundant• Salinity – measure of

amount of dissolved solids in a liquid

Salinity Affects Climate

• Some parts of oceans are saltier than others

• High salinity = Coastal areas with dry and hot climate

• Lower Salinity = Coastal areas with cooler, more humid climate

• WHY?

Mixtures

• A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

• Can separate mixtures by either Physical or Chemical Means

Methods of Separating

• Distillation• Magnet• Centrifuge

Solutions

• Solution – homogeneous (Same) of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase

• Solute – substance that dissolves

• Solvent – what is dissolves in

• You can pour things into a vent!!!! HINT!!!!

Suspension• Like a snow globe• A mixture in which

particles are dispersed throughout a gas or liquid… but are large enough that they settle out.

• Too large to stay mixed

Water Movement

• Affects salinity• Water moves different

in some areas than others

• Bays, Gulfs, Seas don’t have currents

• Water is slow moving• These areas have high

salinity

Temperature Zones

• Temperature of water decreases the deeper you go

• This change is not gradual

• Divided into three layers

Temperature Zones

Surface Temperature Changes

Oceans – A Global Thermostat• Why doesn’t the ocean

freeze, when the lakes near them do?

• Oceans absorb and release thermal energy slower than on land

• If it was like that on land, we would have violent weather

Ocean Temperatures• Regulates temperatures at

different locations• Equator = direct rays• Poles = indirect rays• Waters at equator are

warmer than at higher latitudes

• Currents in ocean move water and energy it contains

• Warm water currents cause coastal lands to have warmer climates than they would if no current existed.

• British Isles (Gulf Stream)