ocha power point on gaza - january 2011
TRANSCRIPT
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
The Humanitarian Impact of the Blockadeand the Cast Lead Israeli offensive on Gaza
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
Gaza Strip Profile
Population 1.43 million (~1 million refugees,
~70%)
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
row e 3,881 persons per sq km
Young
54% of the population underthe age of 18
Poor
80% aid dependant
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
Up to August 2005
Since September 2005
Access to Gaza
Since June 2007
ErezCrossing Point
Nahal OzCrossing Point
KarniCrossing Point
Despite the
disengagement Israel
maintained direct control
over:
21 Settlements
9,000 Israeli settlersIsrael imposes acomprehensive blockade
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
SufaCrossing Point
Kerem ShalomCrossing Point
RafahCrossing Point
All land crossings, except
Rafah (indirect)
Air space
Territorial watersTaxation over imported
goods
Population registry
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
Gaza 2005-2007
August-Nov. 2005: Removal of settlements, IDF, AMA
January 2006: Hamas wins PLC elections
March 2006: Hamas sets up government in oPt; International sanctions imposed on PA
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
Reduced/intermittent access
Strikes and weakened public services
2006: Qassams, Shalit, IDF Summer Rains, Hot Winter militaryoffensives.
March 2007: National Unity Government
June 2007: Hamas takeover of Gaza
Israeli Blockade on Gaza
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
The Gaza War: 27 Dec 2008-18 Jan 2009
1.4 million civilians unprotected: Massive military aerial and
ground bombardment
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
Densely populated small area
No safe space no bomb
shelters
No alarm/warning system
No place to flee all borders
sealed
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
Damage AssessmentJRC, 28 Jan 2009
Gaza War Damages:
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
u c n ras ruc ure
Agricultural land
Commerce/Industry
UN property
Tunnels
All together
Residential buildings
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
People affected during Cast Lead Offensive
1,383 Palestinians fatalities, including 350children, identified by OCHA.
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
, a est n an n ur es o
Civilian fatalities disputed: 73-83% (Palestinian
HR orgs); 25-39% (IDF)
People killed in internal clashes
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
The Israeli Blockade on Gaza since June 2007
Import of most construction,raw materials & spare parts
banned
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
Import of consumer goodsand fuel restricted
Movement of people largely
banned Access to agricultural land
and fishing areas increasingly
limited Buffer Zones
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
Impact of Blockade: Livelihoods devastated 120,000 private sector jobs
lost in first two years
268 establishments destroyed
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
ur ng as ea 70% of industrial
establishments closed (Jan
2010)
Over 40% unemployment(2010)
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
Land Restricted Areas
No-Go Zone: zero to
500 meters
Hi h Risk Zone: 500
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
to 1000/1500 meters
17% of the Gaza Strip
35% of Gazas
agricultural land
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
Land leveling - Beit Hanoun agricultural area
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
Sea Restricted Areas
Access to sea areas along
the coast gradually
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
Since early 2009 - 85% of
coastal areas off limits
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
Poverty and Food Insecurity
UNRWA: Abject poverty" among refugees tripled
since the the blockade from 100,000 to 300,000
61% of households food insecure
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
Shift in diet from high cost and protein rich food tolow cost and high carbohydrate foods
Concerns over mineral and vitamin deficiencies
Some 80% receives humanitarian assistance, mainly
food.
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
Protracted Energy Crisis
Power supply constantly about 30% below demand
Power plant operates at a 30% -60% of its capacity
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
Scheduled cuts between 4- and 8-12 hrs/day (up to 1 hrs/day)
Households left with partial food refrigeration
Services and utilities forced to rely on generators and UPS(Uninterruptable power supply)units vulnerable due to inconsistent
supply of spare parts
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
A Challenged Health System
Impossible to ensure medical equipmentavailability and proper maintenance
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
e erra a roa su ec o ong an ar uouspermit processing
Medical staff largely prevented from
sufficient upgrading of knowledge and skills
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
Deterioration of water and sanitation services
Only 5-10% of the extracted water is safe;
Very limited / intermittent running water
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
Over 40% water loss due to leakages
Between 50 and 80 million liters of untreated or
partially treated sewage discharged into theenvironment daily
Increased health risks due to polluted water
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
The blockade easings as declared:
From a list of permitted items to a list of bannedand grey (dual usage) items
Construction materials enter for International
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
Extension of crossing hours per demand/needChanges on the ground:
Increase in import of consumer goods
Some easing on import of raw materials Minor easing on exports
No easing on movement of people
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
Truckloads entering through Gaza crossings :
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
*Food and hygiene items make more than 50% of weekly
imports; before May 2007 made only 20%
*
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
Housing needs unmet
The ban on construction materials preventsaddressing the growing housing needs
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
ast ea case oa : , un ts Natural growth (2007-2010): 68,400 units
Over 600,000 truckloads required
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
Limited capacity to address construction needs resultingof Israeli military offensive and natural growth
The continued Blockade:A protracted human dignity crisis
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
r v u r
Furtherdecline in the quality of services
Denial of right to leave Gaza, move to WB
Increasing aid dependence
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UNITED NATIONS
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
The way forward
Lift the Blockade:
Lift restrictions on all Gaza crossings
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW January 2011
Allow free access to agricultural and fishing areas
Allow access for goods and people between Gaza
and the West Bank
Economic recovery
Decreased aid dependence