OCTOBEa 27, 1944

B ioIogy5cet ao44

* BREMER-WEATHERFORDTextbook of Histology-6th Edition

Emphasis is- given to normal functionalchanges in the cell and to their activitiesin the living state. Rewritten by HaroldL. Weatherford, Harvard University. 598Illus., 302 New; 723 Pages; $7.00

* LAMBERTIntroduction and Guide to the Studyof Histology

The objective is to prepare an adequatefoundation for the further study of physi-ology and pathology. By A. E. Lambert,University of Iowa. 185 Illus.; 542 Pages;$5.00

* STILESHandbook of Microscopic Charac-teristics of Tissues and Organs-2nd Edition

It gives in outline form the main histologi-cal characteristics of vertebrate tissuesand organs. Excellent for identificationstudies. By Karl A. Stiles, Coe College.Illus.; 204 Pages; $1.50

* MARSHALLLaboratory Guide in ElementaryBacteriology

This manual presents 92 experimentsgrouped under Introductory Technique;Physiology of Bacteria; Applied Bacteri-ology; Serology and Infection. By M. S.Marshall, University of California. 244Pages; $1.75

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* NEAL & RANDChordate Anatomy

This text offers material for a sound mor-phological course with functional inter-pretations. By H. V. Neal, Tufts Collegeand H. W. Rand, Harvard University.378 Illus.; 467 Pages; $3.50

* NEAL & RANDComparative Anatomy

In this text the facts of vertebrate anatomyare explained in the light of human an-atomy and tied together through embryol-ogy. By H. V. Neal, Tufts College andH. W. Rand, Harvard University. 540Illus.; 739 Pages; $4.75

* DAVISON-STROMSTENMammalian Anatomy-6th EditionA standard text on the anatomy of the cat.It will give a sound, practical knowledgeof the essentials of each organ system. ByF. A. Stromsten, University of Iowa. 174Illus.; 328 Pages; $3.00

* COLINElements of GeneticsA modern well integrated beginner's textin genetics. Problems are included. ByE. C. Colin, Chicago Teachers' College.47 Illus.; 386 Pages; $3.00

Science 10

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SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENM 9

10

A NEW UNDERWATER CAMERAA NEW underwater camera that will help science to

uncover the secrets of the ocean's floor was described byProfessor Maurice Ewing, of Columbia University, a mem-

ber of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, at a

meeting of the Optical Society of America held in NewYork City.The camera is its own photographer. A special trigger

hangs down from the bottom of the camera. When thetip of the trigger touches the ocean floor, it sets off theflashlights and clicks the shutter. The tip of the triggermay be extended to any practical length, and the lensadjusted so that the picture taken will be in focus.The main advantage of the new camera, Dr. Ewing

stated, is that it can be lowered into a submarine world,100 fathoms or more down, and take its pictures with lessdisturbance to animal life, and at a lower cost, than byother means.

Two types of camera have been developed. One has a

ballast and a float. The complete unit is tossed over theside of a ship. The ballast carries it to the bottom. Whenit gets there, a trigger starts clockwork for taking a seriesof pictures at any pre-set time interval. When the lastpicture has been made, the camera releases the ballast,and the float carries it back to the surface. A compassand a drift indicator may be suspended in the field ofview of the camera to show changes that occur in thedirection of the current while the series of pictures isbeing made. The other type of camera is lowered on a

wire, and makes just one picture.There are many ways in which scientists may be ex-

pected to use the new camera. Already it has been usedto study the habits of deep-sea life in an undisturbedstate. In very deep water it has proved valuable fortaking a census of the animal population. The camera

is better than a collecting net for this purpose, since manyfish escape the net, or are so fragile that they are de-stroyed by the net before reaching the surface.

Geologists use the camera to study the ocean floor. Thecamera showed sand ripples at 97 fathoms, proving thatthere is enough current at this depth to move sand around.A series of pictures showed that the direction of theripples changes with tides, proving constant movement.The camera is expected to help to uncover many interest-ing facts about the submarine canyons off the Pacificcoast of the United States.The first underwater photographs were made fifty-four

years ago in 1890 by a Frenchman named Boutan. Thecamera he used consisted of a sealed unit for the camera,and a shutter control that extended to the surface. Thecamera was lowered into shallow water, and the shutterwas clicked by means of pulling on the shutter cable. For

the next forty years divers took their cameras down with

them, encased in rubber jackets. Dr. William Beebe took

pictures through the thick widow in his bathysphere. Dr.Williamson took pictures from- the window of a gondoladropped beneath the surface, with a flexible tube large

VOL. 100, No. 2600

enough to permit a man to pass through it, extendingfrom the surface to the gondola.The new camera returns to the principle of the Boutan

camera.

ITEMSYOUNG psychologists serving in the Army as en-

listed men are now offered an opportunity to obtain com-

missions as second lieutenants, upon applications madethrough their immediate commanding officers. Those con-

sidered best qualified will be put directly to work at tasksfor which their professional training and experiencequalify them, ranging from psychological testing andcounselling to teaching in colleges and care of mentallyand physically handicapped cases. Minimum educationrequirements are a bachelor 's degree in psychology, sociol-ogy or educational or industrial psychology.

CRowN gall, a disfiguring and destructive disease ofplants that is often called plant cancer, has been curedwith penicillin in the plant pathology laboratories of theUniversity of Arizona by Professor J. G. Brown, head ofthe department. Crown gall is caused by a bacterialspecies, differing in this respect from human and animalcancers which it resembles in many other ways. So faras known, human and animal cancers are never directlyproduced by bacterial attack. Regardless of whether or

not Professor Brown's discovery proves to have signifi-cance in the fight on human cancer, it promises practicalresults in the immediate field of plant pathology if itleads to a practical treatment of crown gall in the field.This disease is known to attack at least a hundred kinds ofplants, and is an especially destructive enemy of young

shrubs and trees in nurseries and orchards. The crudepenicillin extract used in the experiments successfullycured the soft type of crown gall. It cost two centsper quart, and a quart is sufficient to destroy many

small galls.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL pictures of views through an elec-tron microscope revealing the shape of ultra-microscopiccrystals, of which magnesium and other metals are com-

posed, were demonstrated publicly for the first time at thetwenty-ninth annual meeting of the Optical Society ofAmerica. The point of a common pin can be made toappear as vast and rough as a mountain range whenphotographed through an electron microscope, and en-

larged to 100,000 diameters on a three-dimensionalPolaroid vectograph. In these three-dimensional pictures,it is now possible to study and measure the shape andspace characteristics of minute structures that are ex-

tremely difficult to see in ordinary photographs. Thedemonstration of techniques in applied electron micros-copy was made by Robert D. Heidenreich, of the DowChemical Company, Midland, Mich., where the electronmicroscope has been used in the investigation of corrosionphenomena in magnesium alloys.

SCIENCE-SUPPLEMENT

SCIENCE NEWSScience Service,, Washington, D. C.

OcTorn 27, 1944 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 11

JUST PUBLISHED . .

INTRODUCTION TO PARASITOLOGYWith Special Reference to the Parasites of Man

By ASA C. CHANDLER, Professor of Biology, The Rice Institute

Professor Chandler, in his timely seventh edition of A

"Introduction to Parasitology," realizes the impor-tance that parasites assume in the war and post-war years and discusses this aspect of his subjectthoroughly.

Since the first edition was published twenty-six yearsago, Professor Chandler's book has held an increasingposition of authority as the standard introductorywork in colleges throughout the country. In thislatest edition, as in all previous editions, there is main-tained the accuracy of data, simplicity of style, com-

prehensiveness of content, and the completely up-to-date material resulting from frequent revisions.

Throughout the book special emphasis has been placedon the biological aspects of the subject. Considerablespace is devoted to life cycles, epidemiological factors,interrelations of parasite and host, and the underlyingprinciples of treatment and prevention. As an intro-ductory book, stress is placed on fundamental prin-ciples and facts, to give the student a good basic under-standing of parasitology. A

oaCadn~ e44nc* Use of Penicillin in treatingspirochete diseases * Distribu-tion and epidemiology of Chaga 'sdisease in South America, andnew knowledge concerning vec-tors in the United States * Re-vised section on the history, pres-ent status and future of malariain the United States * A newsection on Strigeids * A newsection on Mesocestoides as ahuman parasite * Recent workon immunity in trichiniasis aFilariasis (mu-mu) amongAmerican troops in the SouthPacific * Danger of spread ofOnchocerciasis along the Pan-American highway, and sug-gested methods of control * Newmethods for treatment of scabies* Phenothiazine in control ofmosquito larvae

Seventh Edition(October 1944)

706 pages51% by 8/8

$5.00

JOHN WILEY & SONS, Inc., 440-4th Ave., New York 16, N. Y.

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11OCTOBz 27, 1944 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 100, No. 2600

ImportantREINHOLD

Books .. .THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPEBy E. F. BURTON, Head, Dept. of Physics, University of Toronto;and W. H. KOHL, Research Director, Rogers Radio Tubes, Ltd.,Toronto.

A complete and authoritative presentation, this book discusses the basic principles and functions of both theoptical and compound microscopes. Vivid original line drawings and numerous striking photographs high-light pertinent subject matter. This outstanding volume will prove of inestimable value to physicists,microscopists, chemists and industrial engineers.2 3 3 Pages Profusely Illustrated $3.85

COLLOID CHEMISTRYTheoretical and AppliedCollected and Edited by JEROME ALEXANDER.Volume V-Part I, Theory and Methods.

Part II, Biology and Medicine.Part I of Vol. V deals with advances in Theory and Methods, e.g., the electron microscope, the cyclotron,the betatron, supersonics, electron diffraction, super-pressures, molecular stills, noval ultracentrifuges, andalso the results obtainable with the new apparatus. Theoretical papers throw light on the constitution,behavior, synthesis and analysis of material structures by unravelling their successively finer complexities.Part II of Vol. V covers many closely inter-related aspects of chemistry, biology, and medicine, startingfrom the chemical level and working upward to such clinical complexities as inflammation, homeostasis, andcancer.

1,260 Pages Illustrated $20.00

TEMPERATUREIts Measurement and Controlin Science and IndustrySponsored by American Institute of Physics and FourteenOther Scientific Associations.

This invaluable collection of 126 papers, by eminent chemists, physicists and biologists, presents exhaustivedescriptions of all phases of temperature technique. The scope is all-inclusive ranging from the determina-tion of temperature scales to industrial pyrometry; from ice-point values to the theory of automatic tem-perature control.1,376 Pages $11.00

BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE FATTY ACIDSAnd Their Compounds, the LipidsBy W. R. BLOOR, Professor of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University ofRochester, Rochester, New York.

A dynamically important study of the vital group of substances included in the term "fatty acids," thiscomprehensive critical review is of inestimable value to those in the food and pharmaceutical fields, includingorganic chemists, biologists, biochemists, physicians and nutritionists.387 Pages Illustrated $6.00

Send for Free 1944 Book Catalog, "Let's Look It Up" (200 Titles)

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-Imortant Scientific and Technical Worksfor a Modern World

Introductory AstronomyBy J. B. SIDGWICK

With a foreword by Clyde Fisher. Fascinatingsummary of modern knowledge of the planets,moon, stars, comets, meteors and individual con-stellagons. Tells how to find your way at nightby the stars. 47 star maps, a lunar map, maps ofconstellations. $2.50

Conquest of BacteriaBy F. SHERWOOD TAYLOR

The story of chemotherapy-a fascinating accountof the action of chemical agents in the body andits response to them leading to disease cure. In-cludes the story of 606, adrenalin, aspirin, luminal,morphine, prontosil, quinine, vitamins, insulin, thy-roxin and the sulfa drugs. $2.50

The Chemistry ofSynthetic Substances

By EMIL DREHERA most valuable work for experts producing modernsynthetics, as well as for students and researches.Contents include in part: high molecular organiccompounds; survey of relations of high molecularsynthetic compounds to drying oils; principles ofthe processes of polymerization, of polycondensa-tion. $3.00

Dictionary ofScience and Technology

In English, French, German, SpanishBy MAXIM NEWMARK

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Illustrated TechnicalDictionary

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Complete with illustrations, charts, diagrams, tech-nical and scientific abbreviations and shop data.Among the new terms defined are Buna N, cyclo-tron, Dzus fastener, elastic stop nut, electron mi-croscope, explosive rivet, frequency modulation,hydramatic drive, lucite, Nepprene, Radar, etc.Indispensable for engineers, mechanics, technicalpersonnel, plant managers, etc. $5.00

Physics of the 20th CenturyBy PASCUAL JORDAN

Begins with a review of the classical Galilean-New-tonian mechanics, pre-requisite to any understand-ing of the revolutionary developments in modernphysics. Through the development of MaxwellianElectrodynamics it arrives at modern views both inmacrophysies and microphysics of atoms, electronsand quanta. $4.00

Virus DiseasesIn Man, Animal and Plant

By GUSTAV SEIFFERT

Surveys the present stage of virus research, includ-ing most recent foreign literature. Discusses epi-demiology of virus diseases; foot-and-mouth dis-ease; trachoma; yellow fever; dengue fever;pseudo-rabies; Japanese Encephalitis; Australiandisease; Borna disease; summit sickness, etc. $5.00

Principles ofPowder Metallurgy

By FRANZ SKAUPY

Survey of a new field . . . that of producing metalobjects from metal powder by the processes of cak-ing or cohesion, with numerous experiments, by anauthor with many years' experience in the incan-descent lamp industry and in. perfecting hard metal.

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Dictionary of BiochemistryW. M. MALISOFF, Editor

The first volume of its kind-almost an encyclo-pedia-includes all but obsolete terms, interpretedbroadly and supplemented by numerous specialarticles on such subjects as Biochemistry of Teeth;Hormones; Proteins; Hair; Toxicology; Proto-plasm; Wound Healing; Neirophysiology, etc.

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Encyclopedia ofSubstitutes and SyntheticsEdited by MORRIS D. SCHOENGOLD

An invaluable reference book, produced in collabo-ration with America 's foremost chemical and in-dustrial laboratories. Defines thousands of rawmaterials, chemicals, processes, substitutes, plasticsand other synthetics developed by wartime neces-sities. $10.00

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IOcToBza 27, 1944 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 13

14 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 100, 2600

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SYMPOSIA(7 x l0j inches, double column, illustrated, cloth bound)

Tuberculosis and Leprosy. 24 authors; 133 pages. 1938 .................................

Syphilis(outof print). 33authors; 193 pages. 1938 .............................................

Recent Advances in Surface Chemistry and Chemical Physics. 9authors;133 pages. 1939 ..............................................................................................................

The Migration and Conservation of Salmon. 9 authors; 106 pages.

1939 ......................................................................................................................................................................MentalHealth. 94authors; 478 pages. 1939 ..................................................................

Problems of Lake Biology. 9 authors; 142 pages. 1939 ....................................

The Gonococcus and Gonococcal Infection (out of print). 45 authors;171 pages. 1939 .......................................................................................................................................

Genetics of Pathogenic Organisms. 11 authors; 90 pages. 1940 ............

Blood, Heart and Circulation. 53 authors; 339 pages. 1940 ........................

The Cell and Protoplasm (out of print). 17 authors; 211 pages. 1940HumanMalaria. 42authors; 406 pages. 1941 ..............................................................

Liebig and After Liebig-A Century of Progress in AgriculturalChemistry. 9authors;119 pages. 1942 ...................................................................

Aerobiology. 55authors; 299 pages. 1942 ......................................................................RelapsingFever. 25authors; 136 pages. 1942 ......................................................

Fluorine and Dental Health. 13 authors; 107 pages. 1942 ...........................

Laboratory Procedures in Studies of Chemical Control of Insects.53authors; 214 pages. 1943 ....................................................................................................

Surface Chemistry. 15 authors; 168 pages. 1943.

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THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLYThrough this recently acquired magazine, now in its 59th volume, the Association

aims to interpret broadly to the thoughtful public the progress of science and its rela-tions to the problems confronting civilization. Subscriptions, $5 per calendar year; 50cents per copy.

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14 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 1009 No. 2600

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

BOSTON UNIVERSITYCOLL. OF CITY OF N. Y.CORNELL UNIVERSITYDUKE UNIVERSITYGEORGE WASHINGTON U.MIAMI UNIVERSITYMILLS COLLEGENEW YORK UNIVERSITYNORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITYOHIO STATE UNIVERSITYPRINCETON UNIVERSITYSO. ILLINOIS NORMALUNIVERSITY OF CHICAGOUNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA,SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

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LIVING BODYby C. H. BEST and N. B. TAYLOR

"This new edition impresses me, on the whole, very favorably.I particularly like the sections on regulation of the heart and on

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571 pages

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A new book of major importance for advanced students and workers inthe fields of geographic botany, ecology, forestry, genetics, etc.

FOUNDATIONS OF PLANT GEOGRAPHYBy STANLEY A. CAIN, Professor of Botany, University of Tennessee

This scholarly and well-written discussion of theprinciples of plant geography draws its illustrativematerials from the whole world and utilizes moderndevelopments in systematics, evolution, speciation,cytology, genetics, pollen analysis, paleoecology,and areography. The importance of its contribu-tion is suggested by such comments as the following:

"A very valuable contribution, especially in hisinterpretations of the origins and factors governingplant distribution. This whole subject has been indire need of searching analysis, and his scholarlypresentation should prove of marked value to stui-dents and research workers. ''-EDWIN B. MATZKE,Columbia University

"Advanced students and professional botanists, aswell as specialists in borderline fields, will find itindispensable as the only comprehensive synthesis

556 pages

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"One of the most stimulating and thought-provok-ing works on plant geography and ecology the re-viewer has read in many years. . . . One is capti-vated by the easy flow of terminology representativeof the various fields of science, which is possibleonly if the author need not hesitate to find his wayin the labyrinth of basic principles and terms....Whether or not you agree with every argument pre-sented in Dr. Cain 's book, you cannot read theseenlightening chapters without becoming a betterecologist and plant geographer. ' '-J. E. POTZGER,Butler University, in The Journal of the New YorkBotanical Garden

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