october 5 th, 2015 what is the atomic mass of hafnium if, out of every 100 atoms, 5 have mass 176,...
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October 5th, 2015
• What is the atomic mass of hafnium if, out of every 100 atoms, 5 have mass 176, 19 have mass 177, 27 have mass 178, 14 have mass 179, and 35 have mass 180.0?
Electron Configurations: Chapter 5 sections 5.2 & 5.3
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Why should I care?
The number of electrons
surrounding the nucleus determines
all the chemical properties.
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Electron Configuration: Shows the most stable arrangement of electrons around the nucleus.
1s1Energy Level Sublevel
# of electrons
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“S” Sublevel = Sphere Shaped
1 orbital
Holds two (2) electrons
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“P” Sublevel = Dumbbell Shaped
Three (3) orbitals
Holds two (2) electrons in each orbital (6 electrons total)
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“D” Sublevel = Shaped like a cloverleaf
Five (5) orbitals
Holds two (2) electrons in each orbital (10 electrons total)
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“F” Sublevel = Balloon Shaped
Seven (7) orbitals
Holds two (2) electrons in each orbital (14 electrons total)
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Sublevel Orbitals Electrons
s 1 2
p 3 6
d 5 10
f 7 14
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H = __ 1s
Electron Configuration
Orbital Filling Diagram
H = 1s1ATOMIC NUMBER
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Pauli Exclusion Principle:
2 electrons in an orbital must have opposite spin
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He = __ 1s
Electron Configuration
Orbital Filling Diagram
He = 1s2
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1st Energy Level
2nd Energy Level
3rd Energy Level
4th Energy Level
5th Energy Level
6th Energy Level
s
s
s
s
s
s
p
p
p
p
p
d
d
d
d
f
f
f
Can Hold:
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Li = __ __ 1s 2s
Electron Configuration
Orbital Filling Diagram
Li = 1s22s1
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Aufbau Principle: Electrons are stable in the lowest energy level possible
Aufbau comes from the German word aufbauprinzip which means building up.
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Be= __ __ 1s 2s
Electron Configuration
Orbital Filling Diagram
Be= 1s22s2
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B = __ __ __ __ __ 1s 2s
2p
Electron Configuration
Orbital Filling Diagram
B= 1s22s22p1
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Hund’s Rule: One electron enters each orbital until all have one of same spin, then pairs will be added.
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C = __ __ __ __ __ 1s 2s
2p
Electron Configuration
Orbital Filling Diagram
C= 1s22s22p2
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N = __ __ __ __ __ 1s 2s
2p
Electron Configuration
Orbital Filling Diagram
N = 1s22s22p3
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O = __ __ __ __ __ 1s 2s
2p
Electron Configuration
Orbital Filling Diagram
O = 1s22s22p4
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F = __ __ __ __ __ 1s 2s
2p
Electron Configuration
Orbital Filling Diagram
F = 1s22s22p5
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Ne = __ __ __ __ __ 1s 2s
2p
Electron Configuration
Orbital Filling Diagram
Ne = 1s22s22p6
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Rule of Eight:
An atom is most stable when it has 8 electrons in its outer
shell, called an Octet
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1
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3456
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1
2
3456
7
__ __ __ __ __
3d
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__ __ __ __ __ __ __
4f
1
2
3456
7
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Assignment
• Complete Electron Configurations & Orbital Diagram practice (WS)
• Finish atomic history (WS)
• Book Readings are due Friday.