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ÀðõèòåêòóðàWindowsServer 2003

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Ãëàâà 1Ââåäåíèå â WindowsServer 2003

Ãëàâà 2Windows Server 2003 èActive Directory

Ãëàâà 3Áåçîïàñíîñòü WindowsServer 2003

Ãëàâà 4Ñëóæáû .NET Framework

ÃËÀÂÀ 1

Ââåäåíèåâ WindowsServer 2003

indows Server 2003 — , Windows 2000

.

Windows Server 2003 ., Mi-

crosoft , , -

Windows Server 2003 - Windows.

Windows Server 2003, --

.

Äîáðî ïîæàëîâàòüâ Windows Server 2003!

1996 Windows NT 4.0, -

, -, . ,

:,

,- — -

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) Windows 2000 Server, ,

Active Directory.

ÃËÀÂÀ

1Â ýòîé ãëàâå...Äîáðî ïîæàëîâàòü âWindows Server 2003!

Çíàêîìñòâî ñ àðõèòåêòóðîéWindows Server 2003

ÍóëåâîåàäìèíèñòðèðîâàíèåWindows

W

Ãëàâà 1. Ââåäåíèå â Windows Server 2003 41

, Windows Server 2003 - . -

,, “ ” — Win-

dows NT 4.0 Windows 2000. , - Windows Server 2003 , Microsoft ,

, - Windows 2000.

, Windows Server 2003 “ -”, Microsoft, , -

, -. .NET Framework, IIS 6.0,

Active Directory, DNS- -, .

-, IBM Digital Equipment

Corp. “ ” , -. , , ,

-, .

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,“ ”. .

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Windows Server 2003. Windows Server 2003,

, “ ” — -. Windows Server 2003 , -

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42 ×àñòü I. Àðõèòåêòóðà Windows Server 2003

. -, “ ” ,

, ,Windows NT/2000. , ,

, .,

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Windows Server 2003.

Active Directory.

.

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Windows Server 2003, , -

Windows (Zero Administration Windows, ZAW).

Çíàêîìñòâî ñ àðõèòåêòóðîé WindowsServer 2003

-, .

, . -- ,

. ,. , , -

, ,.

, ,.

, , ,. ., .

Ðåæèìû îïåðàöèîííîé ñèñòåìû Windows Server 2003 Windows 2000 Server

, . -,


-. -

. Windows Server 2003 —

(user mode) (kernel mode). , - Windows Server 2003 . 1.1.

Интег�ральнаяслужба

Подсис�темаWin32

Диспетчерввода�вывода

Диспетчерссылок

дескрипторовбезопасности

Диспетчер объектов

Драйверы устройств Микроядро

Уровень абстракции аппаратного обеспечения (HAL)

Аппаратное обеспечение

Службы управления

Режим пользователя

Службы управления режима ядра

ДиспетчерPC

Диспетчерпамяти

Диспетчерпроцессов

Диспетчерустройств

PnP

Диспетчерэлектро�питания

Диспетчерокон

Файловыесистемы

Драйверыграфи�ческих

устройств

Приложение Win32

Подсис�тема

POSIX

Приложение POSIX

Подсис�темаOS/2

Приложение OS/2

. 1.1. Windows Server 2003 ( )

WindowsServer 2003: Standard Edition, Enterprise Edition, Datacenter Edition Web Edition.

Ïîëüçîâàòåëüñêèé ðåæèì Windows Server 2003, ,

( Microsoft, ), .

API - ..

Ïîäñèñòåìû ñðåäû (environment subsystems) ,

. -


, API ,, Windows 2003. API -

, . -, -

, , . — Windows 2003,

Windows NT. , Windows Server 2003, , -

. -. , Windows Server 2003, -

, DOS- ,DOS .

Windows Server 2003 . 1.1.

Òàáëèöà 1.1. Ïîäñèñòåìû ñðåäû

Ïîäñèñòåìà ñðåäû Íàçíà÷åíèå

WindowsServer 2003 Win32(32-ðàçðÿäíàÿ)

Ïîääåðæèâàåò ïðèëîæåíèÿ Win32, à òàêæå îòâå÷àåò çà ïîääåðæêó 16-ðàçðÿäíûõïðèëîæåíèé Windows è DOS. Äàííàÿ ïîäñèñòåìà îáðàáàòûâàåò âñå îïåðàöèèââîäà-âûâîäà â ïðèëîæåíèÿõ è ôóíêöèè ãðàôè÷åñêîãî èíòåðôåéñà ïîëüçîâàòå-ëÿ. Ïîäñèñòåìà Win32 áûëà çíà÷èòåëüíî óëó÷øåíà äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ïîääåðæêèñëóæá òåðìèíàëîâ

OS/2 Ïîääåðæèâàåò 16-ðàçðÿäíûå ïðèëîæåíèÿ OS/2 (ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî Microsoft OS/2)

POSIX Ïîääåðæèâàåò POSIX-ñîâìåñòèìûå ïðèëîæåíèÿ (îáû÷íî ïðèëîæåíèÿ UNIX)

, Win32, -, Win32, . Windows Server 2003 -

OS/2 POSIX. , -

, POSIX OS/2 . , POSIX UNIX, vi grep.

, POSIX -, Windows Server 2003 UNIX, -

, , UNIX WindowsServer 2003. UNIX.

Windows Server 2003 , ,, .

, - Win32, .

.,

., , ,

, -(Hardware Abstraction Layer, HAL). ( -

, ) . - (handoff processing). Win32 -

,. ,


. API, -, ,

, -, .

. -.

Windows Server 2003 ,. , — , -

API .

-. -“ ”, -

, Windows Server 2003 -.

Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000, .

;. (virtual memory) — -

, -, -.

, , -, ,

. , -.

Èíòåãðàëüíûå ïîäñèñòåìû (integral subsystems)

. . 1.2.

Òàáëèöà 1.2. Èíòåãðàëüíûå ïîäñèñòåìû

Èíòåãðàëüíàÿïîäñèñòåìà

Íàçíà÷åíèå

Ïîäñèñòåìà áåçîïàñíîñòè Âûïîëíÿåò çàäà÷è, êàñàþùèåñÿ ïðàâ ïîëüçîâàòåëåé è êîíòðîëÿ äîñòóïà êîâñåì ñåòåâûì îáúåêòàì è îáúåêòàì îïåðàöèîííîé ñèñòåìû — êîíêðåòíûìèëè àáñòðàêòíûì. Ýòà ïîäñèñòåìà òàêæå îáðàáàòûâàåò çàïðîñû íà âõîä âñèñòåìó è çàïóñêàåò ïðîöåññ ïðîâåðêè ïîäëèííîñòè ïðè âõîäå ïîëüçîâà-òåëÿ â ñèñòåìó

Ñëóæáà “Ñåðâåð” (Server) Èìåííî ýòà ñëóæáà äàåò ïðàâî íàçûâàòü Windows Server 2003 ñåòåâîéîïåðàöèîííîé ñèñòåìîé. Ñ äàííîé ñëóæáîé ñâÿçàíû âñå ñåòåâûå ñëóæáû

Ñëóæáà “Ðàáî÷àÿ ñòàíöèÿ”(Workstation)

Íàçíà÷åíèå ýòîé ñëóæáû î÷åíü ïîõîæå íà íàçíà÷åíèå ïðåäûäóùåé, îäíàêîîíà áîëüøå îðèåíòèðîâàíà íà äîñòóï ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ ê ñåòè. (Âû ñìîæåòåðàáîòàòü íà êîìïüþòåðå äàæå â òîì ñëó÷àå, åñëè ýòà ñëóæáà îòêëþ÷åíà.)

, , -. Services ( ) -

Microsoft .


Ðåæèì ÿäðà (kernel mode) Windows Server 2003 — , -

. - ( . . 1.1).

Èñïîëíèòåëüíàÿ ñèñòåìà Windows 2003 (The Executive) .

- , -, ,

. - ( ), -

( , -). .

- . - -. .

• . , -.

• . ,.

• . - , -- , .

, .

. -.

(Interprocess Communication Manager, IPC)..

., (Local Proce-

dure Call, LPC), , ,

(Remote Procedure Call, RPC), , .

, (Virtual Memory Man-ager, VMM). -

. , -, ,

. ,, (paging).

(“ Windows Server 2003”.)

. -, .

Plug and Play. Windows Server 2003. Plug and Play -

, .


. -.

API , .

(Graphical Device Inter-face, GDI). Win32K.sys -

.

• .. - ,

.

• .( ) Win16.

-,

.

. -. , ,

, , , -.

( . 1.1), : (device drivers), (microkernel)

- (Hardware Abstraction Layer, HAL).

Äðàéâåðû óñòðîéñòâ, -

.

Ìèêðîÿäðî “ ” ( ,

, — ). -, , ,

. . Windows Server 2003 -, , -

— .

Àïïàðàòíî-çàâèñèìûé óðîâåíü- (HAL)

. , , -, . -

- , -- , . .

Intel Alpha, Windows .

Àðõèòåêòóðà îáðàáîòêè Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2003

(Symmetric Multiprocessing, SMP). , , - ,


, - ,.

, , -, , -

.Windows Server 2003 -

. , -, , .

. , , -;

. Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition -

( 4 ). Enterprise Edition 8 , Datacenter Edition — 32, Web Edition — -

. , Microsoft

.

Óïðàâëåíèå ïàìÿòüþ â Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2003

Windows 2000 Server , Windows NT. 32- -

. Windows Server 2003 . - — (physical) ,

( SDRAM, DDRAM RAMBUS), . - — (virtual) , -

, . (Virtual

Memory Manager, VMM). , ,

, ., -

, ,, DOS Windows.

— — -. ,

Windows Server 2003 . -

. Windows Server 2003 2 Web Edition, 4 — Standard Edition, 64 — Enter-

prise Edition 512 — Datacenter Edition, 64-.

.

,, ,

, -. ,


, -. , -

, .

,. (paging).

, Windows Server 2003 - 4 , -

, , -. 4 ,

, . 2

, 2 ,, 2 .

(upper) (lower) - 4 , 2 -

., — , .

,.

. - (nonpaged) (paged) .

, , .. 4 .

Ïîäêà÷êà (paging) — -. , -

,, , ,

(paging file)., -

(valid) (nonvalid) . -. ,

, .,

, , (page fault). ,

. -, “ ” , -

., , .

, ..

“ , -”. , , , -

.,


. , -,

(working set).

, - (fetching), ,

(paging file clustering). , -,

“ ” , ,, ,

. -- .

“ ” , -,

, , -,

.

, ,, .

20, “ ”.

Íóëåâîå àäìèíèñòðèðîâàíèå Windows ZAW (Zero Administration Windows — -

Windows) (Total Cost of Ownership,TCO) Windows .

Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003 Resource Kit, ,

., , , ,

Microsoft.

, Windows Server 2003. , -: -

, Windows Server 2003. -, - Windows Server 2003,

. , : “, ,

, ?” — WindowsServer 2003 - 5000 . -

: WindowsServer 2003, -

, - .,

, . ,Windows Server 2003 — ,

- . , “ -”, “ - ”, “ - ”, “ - ”,

“ - ” “ - ”.


“ - ”, -, , , -

, Windows XP Pro-fessional, , -

.. ,

, Windows Server 2003, -,

, . -,

, — Active Directory.

Ñëóæáà êàòàëîãà Active Directory Active Directory 2, “Windows Server 2003 Active

Directory”, III, “Active Directory”, , -, , , , -

, Active Directory. Windows Server 2003 , Active Directory -

. , -, .

Active Directory . Active Directory Windows Server 2003 . ,

, , Active Di-rectory Windows 2000, .

, Active Directory .

Êîíñîëü óïðàâëåíèÿ Microsoft Microsoft (Microsoft Management Console, MMC) -

Windows NT BackOffice, Exchange, IIS SNA Server ( Host IntegrationServer). Windows Server 2003 Microsoft

. -, (snap-in). -

, .

Microsoft 7,“ Windows Server 2003”.

Ñîäðóæåñòâî êëèåíòà è ñåðâåðà: òåõíîëîãèÿIntelliMirror

Windows Server 2003 . IntelliMirror , -

, ,


“ ” . IntelliMirror, Windows XP Professional.

-.

(GroupPolicy), 14, “ ,

”. , ,Active Directory. Active Directory -

. , IntelliMirror .

. , -, , . ,

, ,. ,

. , , -,

“ ” . -, , -

, .

. IntelliMirror, -.

, -, .

. -, Windows NT, Windows Server 2003

. - “ ” , .

(Remote Installation Services, RIS). RIS, -

, Windows XP Professional Windows XP Home .

,. Active Directory, -

.

, “Active Directory-IntelliMirror” Microsoft SMS (System Management Server —

). SMS , ( ,

) .,

. SMS BackOffice ,, ,

, .

Ãðóïïîâàÿ ïîëèòèêà Windows Windows Server 2003

(Group Policy).


, -, . . ,

., Ac-

tive Directory — . . (Group Policy Editor, GPE),

, (Organizational Unit, OU) Active Directory . (Group

Policy Object, GPO) , , NTFS.

14, “, ”.

Ñëóæáû îáåñïå÷åíèÿ äîñòóïíîñòè (availability) -

,. , 24×7 (24 -

), . . 100%- . , ,- ,

99,9%. , -. : , UNIX, NT,

AS/400 , ,.

, -. -

(Service Level Agreement, SLA) , , -

. “ - ”.

, , “ ”. - Internet- , -

, Windows Server 2003. -, . -

, Internet- , ,, .

.,

,. Windows Server 2003 -

. -, Microsoft

:

;

;

;

;

.


Ñèíäðîì ïàäåíèÿ ñåðâåðà, (bounce) -

, . 1999 , VMS,

DEC VMX. : “

, Coral Gables , .”, , ...

, , “ ” NT, , VMX. -

(Initial Pro-gram Load, IPL). “ ”

, . , -, , “ ” -

. ,, . Windows NT .

. , Windows NT , -

, - -, .

Cancel ( ), Windows NT . -

: , . Microsoft Windows Server 2003, -

, , -. -

— , -. , IP-

(Network Interface Card, NIC). , . -

( , ). -,

,, . , , ,

. , , WindowsServer 2003 .

Êëàñòåðèçàöèÿ è èçáûòî÷íîñòü ñåðâåðîâ Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Server ,

, Cluster Server, Windows NT Windows 2000.

(clustering) — ,, ,

, . - (failover). (

, - Windows Server 2003.)


, , (load balancing) — , ,

. -, IntelliMirror , ,

. -, -

, Windows Server 2003.

Èçáûòî÷íîñòü õðàíèëèù Windows Server 2003 -

. Windows Server 2003 . - NTFS 5.0

, .

Àâàðèéíîå âîññòàíîâëåíèå (disaster recovery)

(Remote Storage) (Removable Stor-age), .

— (Recovery Console), - NTFS

NTFS. , Windows Server 2003 “ -” (safe mode), , -

.

Áåçîïàñíîñòü Windows Server 2003 . ,

, ., 3,

“ Windows Server 2003”, ,. -

Web- , -. , , -

, Windows Server 2003.

Ðàñïðåäåëåííàÿ áåçîïàñíîñòü Microsoft Windows Server 2003 , .

128-, .

Windows Server 2003 Kerberos 5.0, , - Internet

,(Single Sign-On, SSO).

Windows Server 2003 ( 3, “ Windows Server 2003”).


Ñëóæáû âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ è èíòåãðàöèè — ,

World Wide Web Microsoft .- -

, , , -

. Windows 2000, WindowsServer 2003, UNIX, AS/400 , , . -

NetWare, - , ( ), OS/2, -

XX , 31 1999 . Microsoft

UNIX. , Win-dows Server 2003 UNIX- ( ,

, - ...). Win-dows 2000,

. Windows Server 2003 UNIX “ ” TCP/IP, -

UNIX, ,, Windows UNIX.

Ïîääåðæêà àïïàðàòíîãî îáåñïå÷åíèÿ, Windows

Server 2003, — . , , , Windows NT , -, Windows 95. Windows Server 2003 Windows 98

. , Windows Server 2003 , ,

Windows 2000. Windows

Server 2003 Windows 98 WDM (Windows Driver Model — Windows). Windows 98 “ ” Windows Server 2003, WDM,

, -.

, , -, WDM. , -

, — -, Microsoft.

WDM , , , ,

. .

Ñëóæáû õðàíèëèù è ôàéëîâûå ñëóæáû Windows Server 2003 -

Windows 2000. ,


, . -, -

:

;

Removable Storage ( );

Remote Storage ( );

Microsoft Dfs;

NTFS 5.0.

Àäìèíèñòðàòîð äèñêîâWindows Server 2003, Windows 2000, ,

. - RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks — )

Disk Management ( ), Microsoft. -

RAID, -. , -

Microsoft , . — !

Ñëóæáà Removable Storage (Removable Storage)

( , ) , -. -

. NTBackup (ntbackup.exe) - Microsoft Backup ( , Veritas

Backup Exec). ,. , Removable Storage

, -.

Ñëóæáà Remote Storage (Remote Storage) ( )

, -. -

. , Remote Storage ,, . -

, -. ,

, , — .

Ðàñïðåäåëåííàÿ ôàéëîâàÿ ñèñòåìà Microsoft Dfs Microsoft Dfs (

DFS) NFS UNIX,, -

. , -


-,

Windows NT.

Ôàéëîâàÿ ñèñòåìà NTFS 5.0 Windows NTFS 5.0 ,

, -, . . , -

, NTFS 5.0 ,, Windows 2000.

- ( )

-.

Internet-ñëóæáû Internet Information Server 6.0 Windows Server 2003.

FTP, IIS SMTP NNTP. , Internet- IIS

. IIS Windows Server 2003 Web-

IP- . , -, DNS.

Êîììóíèêàöèîííûå ñëóæáû? Windows Server 2003

. Internet -

(chat), NNTP, -.

Outlook Express, -. Windows Server 2003.

, Windows Server 2003 (Virtual Private Network, VPN), -

, Internet. - (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol — “ -

”) L2TP (Layer Two Tunneling Protocol — ).

Ñëóæáû òåðìèíàëîâ Windows NT

, , -. , -

, pcANYWHERE CarbonCopy. , Win-dows Server 2003

. (Terminal Services), Windows NT 4.0 TerminalServer Edition, Windows Server 2003


- Remote Desktop ( ).

- , -, . , -

“ - ”, “ ”,

. , WindowsServer 2003 “ ”Windows Server 2003, ,

. Windows Server 2003

Win32, , -. , -

Win32 “ ” , “ ”. . 1.1.

Win32, .

. , --

, ., ,.

Ðåçþìå Windows Server 2003. -

Windows Server 2003. - Windows 2000 , ,

.Windows Server 2003 -

. ., , , Windows Server 2003,

Windows Server 2003, .

,. ,

, 29 ., , , —

. , Windows 2000 , , , —

.NET Framework, Active Di-rectory .

,Windows Server 2003, !

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