of adults ages sodmeconomic and geographic variables · taller than females living in the northeast...
TRANSCRIPT
of Adults Ages18-74Years bySodmeconomic andGeographic VariablesUnited States
Height and weight measurements of adults
ages 18-74 years in the United States, 1971-74, are presented and discussed by age, sex,
and race for selected socioeconomic andgeographic variables.
Data From the National Health SurveySeries 11, No. 224
DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 81-1674
U.S. Department of Healthand Human Services
Public Health Service .
Office of Health Research, Statistics,and Technology
National Center for Health Statistics
Hyattsville, Md.
August 1981
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Date
Fulwood, Robinson.
Height and weight of adults, ages 18-74 years, by socioeconomic
and geographic variables, United States.
(Vital and health statistics. Series 11, Data from the national health
survey ; no. 224) (DHHS publication ; no. (PHS) 81-1674)
1. Stature-United States-Statistics. 2. Body weight-United
States-Statistics. I. Abraham, Sidney. II. Title. III. Series. IV. Series:
DHHS publication ; no. (PHS) 81-1674. [DNLM: 1. Body height- United States-Statistics. 2. Body weight-United States-Statistics. 3.
Socioeconomic factors. 4. Demography. 5. United States. W2 A N148vk no. 2241
RA4073.A347 no. 224 [GN66] 312’.6 81-606970 ISBN O-6406-0221-9 AACR2
For de by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, W’ashington, D.C. 21)g~2
National Center for Health Statistics
DOROTHY P. RICE, Director
ROBERT A. ISR4EL, Deputy Director
JACOB J. FELDMAN, Ph.D., Assoczirte Director for Analysisand Epidemiolo~
GAIL F. FISHER, Ph. D., Associate Director for theCooperative Health Statistics System
GARRIE J. LOSEE, Associrte Director for Data Recessingand Services
ALVAN O. ZARATE, Ph.D., Assistant Director forInternational Statistics
E. EARL BRYANT, Associate Director for Interview andExamination Statistics
ROBERT C. HUBER, Assocfite Dfiector for Management
MONROE G. SIRKEN, Ph. D., Associate Director for Researchand Methodology
PETER L. HURLEY, Assotite Director for Vital and HealthCirreStatistics
ALICE HAYWOOD, Infornuztion Officer
Office of Iilterview and Examination Statistics Program
E. EARL BRYANT, Associate Director
MARY GRACE KOVAR, Special Assistan t for Data Policy andAnalysis
Division of Health Examination Statistics
ROBERT S. MURPHY, Director
KURT R. MAURER, C%.ief Survey Planning and DevelopmentBranch
SIDNEY ABRAHAM, Chie~ Nu~”tion Statistics Branch
Library of Congress Catrdog Card Number 81-606970
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Summary of important findings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Methods ofmeasurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Method ofanalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Mean height andweightfindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. 5
Findings forheight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Annual family income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Educational level . . . . . . . . . . . . . ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Urbanization status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. 9
Geographicregion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Findings forweight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ 14
Annual family income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Educational level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. 15
Urbanization status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Geographicregion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Income and education differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Urbanization and regional differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Z3
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Listofdetailed tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Appendixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . z......, 42
l. Statistical notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
11. Demographic, socioeconomic, and geographicterms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
lll.Sample size and estimated population tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
List of Text Figures
1. Mean height of males ages 18-74 years byage and annual family income: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
..Ill
2. Mean height of females ages 18-74 years by age and annual family income: United States.,.19Zl-74
3, Mean height of males ages 18-74 years by age and educational level: United States, 1971-74 . . . .
4. Mean height of females ages 18-74 years by age and educational level: United States, 1971-74 . .
5. Mean weight of males ages 18-74 years by age and annual family income: United States, 1971-74.
. ... . ... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Mean weight of females ages 18-74 years by age and annual family income: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Mean weight of males ages 18-74 years by age and educational level: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Mean weight of females ages 18-74 years by age and educational level: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Text Tables
A. Differences in mean height and mean weight (with confidence limits) of adults ages 18-74 years between the lowest and
highest annual family income and educational level, by race, sex, and age: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. 1nterracial differences in age-adjusted mean height and mean weight of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex and selected
socioeconomic and geographic variables: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C. Differences in mean height and mean weight (with confidence limits) of adults ages 18-74 years between “urbanized and
rural areas and between the Northeast and South regions, by race, sex, and age: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . .
9
1112
15
16
17
18
7
10
13
Symbols
. . . Data not available
. . Category not applicable
Quantity zero
0.0 Quantity more than zero but less than
0.05
z Quantity more than zero but less than
500* Figure does not meet standards of
reliability or precision
# Figure suppressed to comply with
confidentiality requirements
iv
Height and Weight of Adults Ages18-74Years by Socioeconomicand Geographic Variablesby Robinson Fulwood, M. S. P. H., Sidney Abraham,
and Clifford Johnson, M. S. P. H., Division of Health
Examination Statistics
Introduction
This report contains findings from the firstNational Health and Nutrition Examination Surveyon height and weight measurements of adults ages18-74 years in the United States, by socioeconomicand geographic variables. Previous reports based onthe same survey present height and weight measuresby age, sex, and race,l and weight measures by heightand age.z
The frost National Health and Nutrition Examina-tion Survey was designed to collect measures ofnutritional status and to gather information on thegeneral health status of persons ages 1-74 years, aswell as to compile more detailed health assessmentdata on persons ages 25-74 years. The survey utilizeda scientifically representative sample of persons in theU.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population: A de-scription of the plan, operation, and sample design ofthe sumey has been published,g
The U.S. Bureau of the Census cooperated in thesample design, initial visits, and interviews at selectedeligible households in the 65 primary sampling unitsthroughout the United States.
Field data collection for the survey was started inApril 1971 and was completed in June 1974. Of the28,043 persons ages 1-74 yearn who were selected inthe national probability sample to represent the 194million persons of those ages in the U.S. civiliannoninstitutionalized population, 20,749, or 74 per-cent, were examined. When adjustments were madefor the differential sampling ratios used to ensureoversampling of preschool children, women of child-bearing age, the elderly, and the poor, the effectiveexamination response rate was 75 percent. Amongpersons ages 18-74 yearn for whom height and weight
determinations were made, 13,645 were examinedfrom the probability sample of 19,572 selected torepresent the 128 million persons ages 18-74 years inthe U.S. population. The unadjusted and effectiveadjusted examination response rates were each 70percent. Appendix I presents further discussion of thesampling design, nonresponse, missing data, samplingerror, and standard of data reliability.
In this report, the mean height and weightmeasures of adults ages 18-74 years are discussed byage, sex, and race in relationship to annual familyincome, educational level, urbanization status, andgeographic region. Definitions of these variables arefound in appendix H. Two kinds of statements appearthroughout the text that concern differences in meanheight or weight values: (1) statements based onresults of tests of hypotheses or significance tests, and(2) statements based on observed differences (whichare not tested for statistical significance but whichmay be of interest from a descriptive standpoint). Toenable the reader to differentiate between the twotypes of statements, the terms “statistically signifi-cant” and “not statistically significant” are used toindicate all tested differences in the mean height orweight measures, and the term “obsemed” is used toindicate that the differences in the mean values maybe of interest but were not tested for statisticalsignificance.
To account for changes in the age distribution ofthe U.S. population from 1971 to 1974, the age-adjusted mean height or weight values (which are“observed’? are used in au overall comparisons (ages18-74 years). ,Appendix I contains a discussion of ageadjustment. The standard errors of the mean heightand weight measures are also found in appendix I,tables IV-VII. Throughout this report, the terms“mean” and “average” are used interchangeably.
1
The average height and weight of adults ages18-74 years in the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalizedpopulation, as measured by the first National Healthand Nutition Examination Survey, have been pre-sented in previous reports 1;2 by demographic char-acteristics such as age, sex, and race. This report goesbeyond the demographic discussion to include ananalysis of differences in mean height and weight byselected socioeconomic and geographic variables.
This report presents statistically significant dif-ferences in mean height and weight values of malesand females ages 18-74 years by socioeconomic andgeographic variables. Observed differences (whichmay be of interest even though they may or may notbe statistically significant) are also discussed.
Summary of important findings
●
●
●
The observed mean height of males and femalesages 18-74 years is direc~y related to income andeducational levels. But interracial differences inage-adjusted mean height for the same popula-tion are less than 1 inch for each income andeducational level.The heaviest females ages 18-74 iyears on theaverage were generally observed to be those withan income under $4,000 and with less than 9years of education. Conversely, the heaviest malesages 18-74 years on the average were generallyobserved to be those with an income of $10,000and over and with 12 years or more of education.
The overall age-adjusted mean weight for malesages 18-74 years with 13 years or more ofeducation is 9 pounds higher than for those withless than 9 years of education. The mean weight
of females is inversely related to educational level.Females ages 18-74 years with 13 years or moreof education average 10 pounds less than thosewith less than 9 years of education.
:Jnterracial differences in age-adjusted meanweight for males ages 18-74 years are less than 8pounds for each income or educational level.Females ages 18-74 years, however, generallyshow differences of up to 16 pounds acrossincome and educational levels. The magnitude c)finterracial differences for females decreases aseducational level increases. This observation doesnot hold true as income increases.
Females ages 18-74 years living in rural areas onthe average were generally observed to be heavierthan those living in urbanized areas; however, thedifferences for each age category are not statist-ically significant. On the average, males andfemales living in the Northeast region wereobserved to be the shortest, and those living inthe Midwest were observed to be the heaviest.
Males ages 65-74 years living in rural areas werefound to be statistically taller than those living inurbanized areas; however, there is no statisticallysignificant difference in males’ mean height fc)rany other age category, There is no statisticallysignificant difference in height for females of anyage category living in urbanized and rural areas.
Males of each age category 35 years and overliving in the South region were found to bestatistically taller than those living in the North-east region. Females of every age category livingin the South region were found to be statistical ytaller than females living in the Northeast region.
The first National Health and Nutrition Examina-tion Survey was staffed with two highly trainedexamination teams and was equipped with twomobile examination centens, which could be movedto a central location in each of the primary samplingunits. Selected sample persons for whom appoint-ments could be made were brought into the examina-tion centers. There, exarninees changed from theirstreet clothing into disposable paper examinationuniforms and foam rubber slippers designed tofacilitate and standardize vtious elements of theexamination. Body measurements were made atvarious times of the day and in different seasons ofthe year; thus diurnal and seasonal variations in bodymeasurements were not standardized. One’s weightmay vary between winter and summer and mayfluctuate with recency of food and water intake andother daily activities.
Height
Height was measured with the examinee wearingdisposable foam rubber slippers, standing erectly withfeet together, back and heels against the upright barof the height scale. and head approximately in theFrankfort horizontal plane. Assistance and demon-stration were provided when necessary (“look straightahead,” “stand up tall,” or “stand up real straight”).However, the examiner did not exert upward pressureon the subject’s mastoid process to purposefully“stretch everyone in a standard manner, ” as isrecommended by some. g
The equipment consisted of a level platform, towhich was attached a vertical bar with a steel tape.Attached perpendicularly to the vertical bar was a
horizontal measwing bar, which was brought downsnugly on the exarrinee’s head. A Polaroid camerawas attached to another sliding bar in the same planeas the horizontal measuring bar. The camera recordedthe subject’s identification number next to thepointer on the scale, thereby giving a precise reading.The camera not only gave a permanent record,minimizing observer and recording errors, but, byalways being in the same plane as the measuring bar,completely eliminated parallax. That is, if the pointerhad been in the space in front of the scale, it wouldhave been read too high if the observer had looked upat the scale from below, or too low if read down fromba eve.
Weight
A Toledo self-balancing scale was used thatmechanically prints weight to quarter-pound intervalsdirectly onto the permanent record. Direct printingwas used to minimize observer and recording errons.The scale was calibrated with a set of known weights,and any necessary fine adjustments were made atthe beginning of each new examination location,approximately every month. The recorded weight waslater transferred onto a punched card to the nearestquarter pound. The total weight of all clothing wornranges from 0.20 to 0.62 pound, which was notdeducted from weights presented in this report. Thus,weights shown here are 0.20 to 0.62 pound abovenude weight recorded to the nearest quarter pound.The same examination clothing was used throughoutthe year, which eliminated seasonal variation inclothing weight.
3
Method of analysis
Observed and statistically significant differences appendix I. The socioeconomic comparison of blackin mean height and weight values are discussed and white persons is limited to a description of theseparately. Only differences between the lowest and observed age-adjusted mean values for each sex groL[phighest income and educational levels, between because of the small numbers in many of the cells forurbanized and rural areas, and between two geo- black persons. Statistics are shown in the detailedgraphic regions were tested for statistically significant tables for each age category only to convey amdifferences by age within sex groups, as described in impression of the observed distribution.
Mean height and weight findings
As measured by the first National Health and 69.1 inches and 173 pounds for white males, 68.6Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I), the inches and 171 pounds for black males, 63.7 inchesmean height and weight (without regard to socio- and 142 pounds for white females, and 63.7 incheseconomic or geographic variables) of males ages 18-74 and 156 pounds for black females. 1 Because succes-years Me 69.0 inches and 172 pounds, respectively. sive birth cohorts of persons ages 18-74 years wereThe corresponding values for females are 63.6 inches observed to be taller, socioeconomic and geographicand 143 pounds. The mean height and weight for analyses were done by individual age categories.each of the four race-sex groups ages 18-74 years are
Annual family income
Age.–The distribution of mean height in inchesby annual family income, sex, and age is shown intable 1. Adults in each age category with an annualfamily income of $15,000 and over were observed tobe consistently taller than those with an annualfamily income under $4,000. The differences rangefrom 0.3 inch at ages 18-24 years to 2.1 inches at ages65-74 years. Each successive birth cohort of adultswas observed to be generally taller within each of thefive income levels. Adjusting for age, adults ages18-74 years with an annual income of $15,000 andover were obsemed to be 1.2 inches taller than thosewith an annual income under $4,000.
Sex and age.–Males of each age category wereobserved to be generally taller as annual familyincome increases from under $4,000 to $15,000 andover, The differences in males’ height between thelowest and highest income levels range from 0.2 inchfor the youngest, ages 18-24 years, to 1.6 inches forthe oldest, ages 65-74 years (table A). Only malesages 55-64 and 65-74 years show statistically signifi-cant differences in mean height between the twoincome levels (figure 1). bong younger females(ages 18-44 years), the shortest were observed to bethose in families with an annual income of $4,000-$6,999; among older females (ages 55 and over), theshortest were observed to be those in families with anannual income under $4,000. On the average, femalesin the lower income levels were observed to beshortest, regardless of age (figure 2). The absolutedifferences in mean height for females of each agecategory between the lowest and highest incomelevels range from 0.1 inch to 0.6 inch (table A).However, there is no statistically significant dif-ference in mean height between the two income levelsfor females of any age category.
Race, sex, and age.–The distributions of meanheight by annual family income, race, sex, and age arepresented in tables 2 and 3. White males of ages 55-74
years with an annual income of $15,000 and overwere observed to be taller on the average than theircounteqmrts with an annual income under $4,000.Although the differences between’ the lowest andhighe+t income levels are not large, white males ages18-54 years were observed to be slightly taller atsuccessive annual income levels from $4,000-$6,999to $15,000 and over. Overall, white males ages 18-74years were observed to be taller than black males ages18-74 at the lowest and two uppermost income levels.The overall age-adjusted mean height of white malesages 18-74 years exceeds that of black males ages18-74 years by 0.7 inch at the income level of$15,000 and over. This is the largest observedinterracial difference for males (table B).
The observed differences in mean height by ageacross income levels for white females are small.Generally, the tallest white females were observed tobe those with an annual income of $10,000-$14,999.White females ages 35-44 years and 65-74 years withan annual ticome of $15,000 and over were observedto be taller than those with an annual income under$4,000 by 1.0 inch and 0.6 inch, respectively (tableA). Overall, white females ages 18-74 years with anannual income of $7,000 and over were observed tobe taller than those with an annwil income under$7,000. For ages 18-74 years, white females wereobserved to be shorter than black females at everyincome level except $7,000-$9,999; the interracialdifferences in the age-adjusted mean height rangefrom 0.3 inch at under $4,000 per year to zerodifference at $7,000-$9,999 per year to 0.3 inch at$15,000 and over per year (table B).
Educational level
Age. –The height of adults ages 18-74 years lbyeducational level, sex, and age is shown in table 4.For each educational level, successive birth cohorts ofadults were generally observed to be taller. On the
6
Table A. Differences m mean heighr and mean weight [with confidence limits) of adults ages 18-74 years between the Iowesc and highest annual family income and educationallevel, by race, sex, and age: United Stales, 1971-74
Mean height Mean weight
Differences in inches 95% con fidence limits Differences in pounds 95% confidence limits
Race, sex, and ageAnnual Educational
Annual
Annual Educational
Educational family income level Annual Educational family income level
family income level family income level
Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper
. .
ALL RACES
Males
18-24 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . .. n..
55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Females
l&24vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-44 years . . . . . . . .. a.....
45-54 years . . . . . . .!.%.....55-64 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Whire males
l&24vears . ..ll. l.....-..
25-34 vears. .n. n . . . . . . . . . .35-44 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White females
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3541years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age-adjusted values:Males, 18-74 vears . . . . . . .
Females, l&74vears , . . . . .White males, 18-74 years .White females, 18-74 yearn . . ,
0.2o.a0.60.90.91.6
-0.10.50.6
0,30,20.5
0.3
o.a0.61.:1.6
–0.10.41.00.10.40.6
0.70,40.60.4
3.21.61.5
1.21.01.0
2.01.4
2.11.21.21.1
3.31.7
1 .a
1.11.11.1
2.21.52.21.51.41.2
1.71.51,81.7
-0.5-0.4–0.7
0.0
0.01.1
-o.a-0.1
0.1
–0.6-0.5
0.0
–o,a-o,a
-0.5-0.8
0.21.0
-0.8-0.4
0.3-1.0-0,3
0.1
. . .
alackmales, l%74vears . . 0.4 1.3Black females, l&74 ynars . . . 0.4 o.a
. . .
..-
. . .
0.92.01.91.a1.a
2.1
0.61.1
1.11,2
0.91.0
o.a1.4
2.12.02.02.2
0.61.21,71,21.11.1
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .-... . .
1 .a0.50.70.6
0.30.5
1,4o.a1.5
0.4
0.40.7
1.2
0.6
1.0
0.40.40.6
1.41.01.50.60.6o.a
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
4.62.72.31.a1.71.5
2.61.9
2.72.0
2.01.5
5.32.8
2.61 .a1 .a1.6
3.02.02.92.42.21.6
. . .
. . .
. . .-... . .
720
216
1710
–5–15–17–12
-9-7
ala
1
19la10
4
-13-11
–a–5–6
12-11
13
–a10
–5
NOTE: Nawtivaslgns lndicatmhf~harmacm valumfordw Iownstthan forrhahighRt Innnual family income oreducarional level.
average, the tallest adults within each age category arethose at the highest educational level. Thq largestdifferences in mean height between the highest andlowest educational levels occur in the younger ages,among those under 35 years. Overall, adults with 13years or more of education averaged 1.7 inches tallerthan those with less than 9 years of education.
Sex and age.–Males with 13 years or more ofeducation were observed to be consistently taller thanmales at any other educational level for each agecategory (figure 3). The greatest difference in meanheight, 3.2 inches, occurs between the lowest andhighest educational levels for males ages 18-24 yeas.Males ages 25-34 and 35-44 years show differences ofabout 1.5 inches, and those ages 55-64 and 65-74years show differences of 1.0 inch in mean heightbetween the lowest and highest educational levels(table A). Overall, males ages 18-74 years with 13years or more of education were 1.7 inches taller thanthose with less than 9 years of education.
162
1510
33
4-15
–a-12
–16
-8
171
17
1023
4-13
–6-6
–13–7
9–1 o
9-a1s
–13
-19
-15664
-11–23–25
-23–21–14
11
–197
63
–1 o-21-22-22–17-13
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
153119262a16
1–7-9
-13
1625
2131
3017
2-5
671
..-
. . .
.-.
. . .. .
. . .
6–14
a4
–5-2
–12-22-17
–21
-25-12
2–15
a
3-6–2
-13–21–16–17-23–11
..-
. . .
..-
. . .
. . .
. . .
26la
221611
a
4-a
1
-3–74
321726
1710
a
5-5
4
5–3–3
---. . ...--..----..
Like males, successive cohorts of females with 13years or more of education were observed to be tallerthan females at any other educational level (figure 4);the differences in the means between the lowest andhighest educational levels for each age category from18-24 years to 65-74 years are about 2 inches or less(table A). The mean height of females ages 18-74years, like that of males, is directly related toeducational level; on the average, females with 13years or more of education were observed to be 1.5inches taller than females with less than 9 years ofeducation.
Race, sex, and age.–On the average, the tallerwhite males of each age category (as was the case forall males) were observed to be those with 13 years ormore of education (table 5). White males ages 18-24years show the largest observed difference im meanheight, 3.3 inches, as educational level increases fromless than 9 years to 13 years or more. Observeddifferences in mean height between the lowest and
...; 7
18-24 25-34 3544
Age in years
Annual family income
B Under $4,000
E $4,000-$6,999
El$7,000-$-9,999
El$10,000-$14,999
II$15,000 and over
45-54 55-64 65-74
Figure 1. Mean height of males ages 18-74 years by age and annual family income: United States, 1971-74
highest educational levels for white males of other agegroups are less than 2 inches (table A). Overall, whitemales ages 18-74 years with less than 9 years ofeducation were observed to be 1.8 inches shorter thantheir counterparts with 13 years or more of educa-tion. Black males ages 18-74 years with 13 years ormore of education were observed to be taller on theaverage than black males at any other educationallevel; however, compared with the difference of 1.8inches for white males ages 18-74 years, black malesages 18-74 years with 13 years or more of educationwere 1.3 inches taller than those with less than 9years of education (table A). Interracial differences inmean height for males are less than 1 inch (table B).
White females were observed to be consistently
taller at each higher educational level for eachsuccessive age category (table 6). The largest observeddifferences in mean height between the lowest andhighest educational levels, 2.2 inches, occur for whitefemales ages 18-24 and 35-44 years. The meandifferences for other age groups are less than 1.6inches (table A). The overall age-adjusted averageheight of white and black females ages 18-74 yearschanges by 1.7 inches and 0.8 inch, respectively,between the lowest and highest educational levels(table A). The overall observed interracial differencesrange from 0.8 inch (black females taller than whitefemales ages 18-74 years) at less than 9 years ofeducation to virtually no difference (O.1 inch) inmean height at 13 years or more of education.
8
Annual family income
Under $4,000
~ $4,000-$6,999
75-
70 –
65 -
60 –
55 -
Lo
H$7,000-$9,999
Ei$10,000-$14,999
c1$15,000 and over
10-24 25-34 3544 45-54 55-64
Age in years
6S74
Figure 2. Mean height of femeles ages 18-74 years by age and annual family income: United States, 1971-74
Observed interracial differences in height for females height for males of each age group as urbanizationages 18-74 years decrease as educational level in-creases (table B).
Urbanization status
Age. –The mean height of adults ages 18-74 yearsby urbanization status, sex, and age is presented intable 7. The mean height of adults is about the samefor each age as the level of urbanization changes; thesmall obsewed differences could probably be ac-counted for by sampling variation. As shown in table7, the observed average height of adults ages 18-74years is not related to urbanization status.
Sex and age.–Observed differences in mean
status changes are less than 1 inch. This finding is alsotrue for females (table C). Although males ages 65-74years living in rural areas were only 0.5 inch tallerthan those living in urbanized areas, this difference isstatistically significant. There are no statisticallysignificant differences in mean height between urban-ized and rural dwellers for females of any of the sixage categories. Overall, the age-adjusted mean heightfor males and females ages 18-74 years is generallythe same for urbanized and rural dwellers (table 7).
Race, sex, and age. –For white males of each agecategory, the observed mean height remains generallythe same as urbanization status changes from urban-ized to rural (table 8). The largest observed differ-
9
Table B. Interracial differences in age-adjusted mean height and maan weight of adults ,ages 18-74 years, by sex and selected socioeconomic i]ndgeographic variables: United Statas, 1971-74
Mean height Mean weight
Selected socioeconomic and geographic variables Differences in inches Differences in pounds
Males Females Males Females—
‘<
Annual family income
Under $4,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,5 –0.3 -4 –13$4,000-$6,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0,1 –0.1 2 –12$7.000-$9,999.,.,...-......,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –3 –11$10,000-$14,999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 –0.2 5 –12$15,000mdOVer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 –0.3 –2 –16
Educational level
Less than 9years ..,...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.8 3 –14
9-n years . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.5 –0.3 –1612years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...1...1. 0,5 0,3 4 –1113yearsor more ..,..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0,1 –7 –9
Urbanization status
Urbanizedarea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 2 –13Urban area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 –0.2 5 –23Rural area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 1 –15
Geographic region
Northeast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.2 -5 –12Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 O.i 2 –8South . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,8 0.1 2 –19Waft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.1 -0.4 -4 –13
NOTE: Negative signs indicate higher mean ualuas for black persons than for white persons.
ences (less than 1 inch) are found in age categories 55years and over. These differences parallel the findingsformales in general. Generally, the shortest white orblack males lived in urban areas; however, there islittle observed interracial difference in mean height ofmales who lived in urbanized or rural areas (table B).Overall, the largest racial difference in mean height,0.9 inch, was observed for urban areas. On theaverage, white males ages 18-74 years were observedto be taller than black males at each level ofurbanization status; however, the observed differ-encesin mean height are less than 1 inch.
As observed for white males, themean height ofwhite females remains fairly stable for each agecategory as urbanization status vanes (table 9). Theobserved differences between urbanized and ruralareas are negligible. Overall, the age-adjusted meanheight of black females ages 18-74 years equals orexceeds that of white females ages 18-74 years; theopposite is true for black males ages 18-74 years.There is little observed interracial difference inmeanheight for both sex groups ages 18-74 years (table B).
Geographic region
Age.–The distribution of mean height by geo-graphic region, sex, andageis presented in table 10.The observed mean height of adults vanes slightly foreach age category across geographic regions. The
/
largest of allobsenred differences, 1.4 inches, occursfor adults ages 55-64 years living in the Northeast andSouth regions. Overall, the observed regional differ-ence in mean height for adults ages 18-74 years is 16ssthan linch.
Sex and age. –Males and females of each agecategory show small observed regional differences inmean height. On the average, males of each agecategory living in the Northeast were observed to ~beshorter than those living in any other region; thisfinding is also true for females, For each age category35 years and over, the mean height of males living inthe Northeast is statistically different from thoseliving in the South: The differences in mean heightrange from 1.0 inch at ages 65-74 years to 1.4 inches atages 55-64 years (table C). The mean height offemales of each age category living in the Northeastregion is significantly different from those living inthe South region.
Race, sex, and age.–The distribution of males’mean height by geographic region, race, and age isshown in table 11. The observed differences betweenthe Northeast and South regions are generally largerfor white males for each age group than for blackmales (table C). On the average, white males ages18-74 years living in the Midwest and South wereobserved to be taller than black males in these regionsby 0.9 inch and 0.8 inch, respectively; black males ages18-74 years were observed to be taller than white
10
Educational Iavel
70 –
65 –
60 –
55 —
f-0
r
■ kethan9years
❑ 9-11 years
I?zl12 years
❑ l,ywsorrnore
n r
18-24 25-34 3544 45-54
Age in years
55-64 65-74
Figure3, Mean height ofmales agesl18-74 years byage and educational level: lJnited States, 1971-74
miles living in the other regions by only 0.2 inch or and South regions (table C). Generally, black femalesless (table B). living in the West were observed to be taller than those
The distribution of females’ mean height by geo-graphic region, race, and age is shown in table 12. Theregional differences in height are 1 inch or less withineach of the six age categories for white females. On theaverage, the taller white females of each age catego~generally lived in the South, and the shortest whitefemales lived in the Northeast. The largest regionaldifference in mean height, 1.5 inches, was observed forblack females ages 55-64 years living in the Northeast
living in any other region; those living in the Northeastwere generally the shortest (table 12). The age-adjustedmean height of white females ages 18-74 years equalsor exceeds that of black females ages 18-74 years inevery region except the West. The interracial dif-ferences in the age-adjusted mean height for malesand females ages 18-74 years for each geographicregion are generally of the same magnitude as thosefound for urbanization status (table B).
11
Educational level
C.-
E.-:z
75
70
65
60
55
~
0
//
18-24 25-34
r
35-44
r
45-54
Age in years
r
55-64
■ Less than 9years
❑ 9-,1 years
B12 years
11 13 vears or more
65-74
—
Figure 4. Mean height of females ages 18-74 years bv age and educational level: United States, 1971-74
12
Table C, Differences in mean height and mean weight (with confidence limits) of adults ages 18-74 years between urbanized and rural areas and between the Northeast
and South regions, by race, sex, and age: United States, 1971-74
Mean hei& t Mean weigh t
Differences in inches 95% confidence limits Differences in pounds 95% confidence limits
Race, sex, and agcUrbanized Nortlreast Urbanized and Northeast and Urbanized Northeast Urbanized and Northeast arsd
and and rural areas South regions and and rural areasrural South
South regionsrural South
areas regions Lower Upper Lowar Upper areas regions Lower Upper Lower Upper
ALL RACES
Males
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3544 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45-Wvears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Femalm
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45-54yean . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White males
18-24vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45-54yean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black males
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-Wlyears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White females
18-24vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack females
lB-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age-adjusted values:
Males,18-74years . . . . . . . .
Females, 18-74years . . . . . .
White males, 18-74years . . . .
White females, lB-74years . . .
Black males, 18-74yeam . . . .
81ackfemales, 18-74yeara . . .
0.2
-0.2
0.1
–0.2
–0.5
-0.5
-0.1
0.2
-0.4
-0.3
0.3
-0.2
-0.1
-0.5
-0.5
-0.6
0.3
1.3
–0.4
–o. 1
0.2
0.1
–0.1
0.3
–0.4
-0.4
–0.5
0.8
-0.5
–0.2
–0.7
0.4
-0.2
-0.1
–0.1
0.2
0.1
–0.2
–0.2
–0.7
–1.2
–1.1
–1.4
–1.0
–0.7
-0.4
-0.8
–0.8
–1.0
–0.7
–0.3
–0.7
–1 .3
-1.4
-1.7
-1.1
0.3
–0.3
0.3
-0.40.2
–0.6
–0.7
–0.7
–0.B
–0.7
–0.9
–0.7
–1.1
0.4
–0.7
–1 .3
–1 .5
0.2
–0.9
-0.B
–1 .0
–0.B
–0.7
-0.6
-0.7
-0.4
-0.B
–1 .1
–0.8
-0.4
-0.3
–0.5
-0.2
–0.9
-0.7
–0.5
–0.7
-0.5
–0.7
–1 .2
–0.9
–2.4
–1 .8
–0.5
-1.5–1 .4
–0.7
–0.3
–0.5
–0.4
–0.1
–0.9
-0.8
–1.1
0.1
–1 .4
–1 .7
–1 .7
–0.3
. . .
. . .
-..
---
..-
. . .
1.00.3
0.6
0.4
0.1
–0.2
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.1
0.1
1.1
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.2
-0.1
1.2
2.4
3.10.7
1.2
1.1
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.7
0.1
0.0
0.11.5
0.4
1.3
0.3
1.1
..-
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
.-.
–1.0–1 .5
–1 .9
–1 .B
–2.2
–1 .4
–1.1
–0.8
–1 .3
–1 .3
–1 .4
–1.1
–1 .3
–1 .6
–1 .9
–2.2
–2.7
–1 .6
–1 .6
–2.2
–2.5–1 .6
–1 .4
-1.3
–1.2
–1.1
–1.3
–1 .3
-1.4
-1.1
–2.0
–0.6
–1.7
–2.7
–3.2
–0.8
-..
..-
..-
. . .
---
. . .
0.60.1
–0.5
-0.4
–0.6
–0.6
–0.3
0.0
–0.3
–0.3
–0.6
-0.3
0.7
0,2
-0.7
–0.6
–0.7
-0.6
2.2
1.6
3.1
0.8
1.8
0.1
–0.2
–0.3
–0.3
–0.1
–0,4
-0.3
–0.2
1.4
0.3
0.1
0.2
1.2
. . .
. . .
-..
-..
. . .
---
–9
–3
-4
–3
-2
–3
–3
–4
–5
–1
-8
–1
-4
–4
5
–20
–5–13
9
–8
-4
4
4
–2
–5
–5
-5
10
–18
–25
–1
1
–3
–3
–2
-4
–5
–6
–2
–2
4
4
4
4
–5
–5
–2
–2
2
2
4
–1
–2
31–25
10
10
–1
–1
–3
4
–2
1
–11
–8
–9
2
–18
6
–3
–1
5
–7
–8
–16
–6
–6
–9
-B
–6
-6
–7
–9
–1 o
–1 o
–1 o
–14
–6
-7
–11
–9
–12
-89
–24
–31–20
–20
–8
–9
–9
-7
–11
–1 o
–13
–1
–35
–53
-20
–18
---
-..
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
8
–2
6
6
3
2
1
3
2
8
–2
6
5
3
1
22
49
14
5
38
4
1
1
3
1
3
21
3
3
18
20
---
---
---
-..
. . .
---
–11–9
–lo
-4
-3
-5
–8
-8
–13–8
–12
–6
–13
–1 o
–7
–7
-13
–7
–18
43
42
–342
–2
–6–7
-12
–3
–9
–6
-26
–21
-25
-32
49
–19
. . .
.-.
. . .
. . .
-..
. . .
7
9
6
12
11
5
3
8
2
6
9
6
11
115
5
14 “
105
–82342
22
4
5
6
11
5
8
4
5
7
36
13
31
---. . .---.-.
NOTE: Negative signs indicate higher mean values far rural areas than for urbanized areas, Orhigher mean values f.arzha SOuth region than for the Northaast region.
13
Findings for weight
Annual family income
Age. –Mean weight of adults ages 18-74 years byannual family income, sex, and age is presented intable 13. Adults with an annual income of $15,000and over were observed to be heavier than those withan annual income under $4,000 for every agecategory except ages 35-44 years. On the average,adults ages 35-44 years with an annual income under$4,000 were observed to weigh 6 pounds more thanthose with an annual income of $15,000 and over.The observed differences in mean weight between thelowest and highest income levels for the remainingage categories range from 3 pounds at ages 18-24years to 8 pounds at ages 55-64 years. The overallage-adjusted mean weight for adults ages 18-74 years ishigher at each successive income level, with anobserved difference of 2 pounds between the lowestand highest income levels.
Sex and age.–Ti~: mean weight of males peaks atannual income levels of $7,000-$9,999 for ages 18-24years, $10,000-$14,999 for ages 25-34 years, and$15,000 and over for ages 35 years and over. Thelowest mean weight is found at an annual incomelevel of $4,000-$6,999 for ages 45-54 years and at anannual income level of under $4,000 for all other ages(figure 5), Males ages 25-34, 45-54,55-64, and 65-74years with an annual income of $15,000 and overwere found to be significantly heavier than those withan annual income under $4,000 by 20, 16, 17, and 10pounds, respectively. Overall, the age-adjusted meanweight differs by 12 pounds between the lowest andhighest income levels for males ages 18-74 years(table A).
The findings for females are the convene of thefindings for males. On the average, the heaviestfemales were observed to be those with an annualincome under $4,000, and the less heavy or lightestfemales were those with an annual income of $10,000and over (figure 6). The differences in mean weightbetween the lowest and highest income levels range
from 5 pounds at ages 18-24 years to 17 pounds atages 35-44 years (table A).
A direct relationship between income and meanweight was observed for males ages 18-74 years,whereas an inverse relationship was observed betweenincofie and mean weight for females ages 118-74years. Females with an annual income of $15,000 andover were observed to be 11 pounds lighter thanthose with an annual income under $4,000.
Race, sex, and age.–Data on mean weight ofwhite males by income, as shown in table 14, parallelthe findings for all males. The heaviest white males,on the average, were observed to be those with anannual income of $15,000 and over, and the l,eastheavy were those with an annual income under$4,000. Observed differences in mean weight betweenthe lowest and highest income levels are 10 pounds ormore for each age category except ages 18-24 and35-44 years (table A). Overall, white males ages 18-74years with an annual income of $15,000 and cwerwere observed to be 13 pounds heavier than thosewith an annual income under $4,000. The overallage-adjusted mean weight of black males ages 18-74years is highest for those with an annual income of$15,000 and over; black males at this income levelwere observed to be 10 pounds heavier than thosewhose annual income was under $4,000. However,the interracial differences in the age-adjusted meansfor males ages 18-74 years by annual income level areless than 6 pounds (table B).
The mean weight of females ages 18-74 years byannual family ticome, race, and age is presented intable 15, Unlike white males, the heaviest whitefemales were generally those with an income under$4,000.
Generally, younger white females ages 44 Yeasand under with an annual income of $15,000 andover showed the 10west mean weight; the lowestmean weight was observed for white females ages 55years and over at the income level of $4,000-$6,999.The largest observed differences in mean weight
14
Annual family income
~ Uncler.W,ClCN3
200
[
a .$4,000-$6,999
E/$7,000-$9,999
g $10,000-$14,999
El $15,000and over
18-24 25-34 354’4 45-54
Age in years
55-64 65-74
Figure 5, Mean weight of males ages 18-74 years by age and annual family income: United &ates, 1971-74
between the lowest and highest income levels are 13pounds and 11 pounds for white females, respec-tively, ages 25-34 and 35-44 years (table A). Thehighest age-adjusted mean weight of white femalesages 18-74 years is found at the lowest income level;those with an annual income under $4,000 wereobserved to be 8 pounds heavier than those with anannual income of $15,000 and over. The age-adjustedmean weight of black females ages 18-74 years differsby 5 pounds between those with an annual incomeunder $4,000 and those with an annual ticome of$15,000 and over (table A).
The age-adjusted mean weight of black females isconsistently higher than the age-adjusted mean weightfor white females ages 18-74 years at every incomelevel. The observed interracial differences in meanweight range from 11 pounds at $7,000-$9,000 to 16
pounds at $15,000 and over per year. The observedinterracial differences in mean weight for each in-come level are much larger for females than for malesages 18-74 years (table B).
Educational level
Age. –The mean weight of adults as shown intable 16 is not consistently lower or higher at any oneeducational level as age increases from 18 to 74 years.Adults ages 55-64 years comprise the only group toshow a consistently lower mean weight as educationzdlevel increases from less than 9 years to 13 years ormore.
Adjusting for age, adults ages 18-74 years withless than 9 years of education were observed not tobe heavier than those with 13 years or more of
15
Annual family income
mUnder $4,000
E$4,000-$6,999
9
999
over
:200.c.-
E.:
%c
zz
10-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74
Age in years
Figure 6. Mean weight of females ages 18-74 years by age and annual family income: United Stetes, 1971-74
education, but 3 pounds heavier than those with the lowest and highest education~ levels for each ageexactly 12 years of education.
Sex and age. –The mean weight of males with lessthan 12 years of education is generally lower thanthat of males with 12 years or more of education foreach age category (figure 7). Differences in meanweight of 10 pounds or more between the lowest andhighest educational levels were observed for malesages 18-24, 35-44, and 45-54 years (table A). Theoverall age-adjusted mean weight for males with 13years or more of education is 9 pounds higher thanfor those with less than 9 years of education.
The mean weight for females generally decreasesas educational level increases for successive agecategories (figure 8). Females also show generallylarge decreases (differences) in mean weight between
16
category (table A).Overall, the mean weight is inversely related tcl
educational level for females ages 18-74 years,Females ages 18-74 years with less than 9 years ofeducation, on the average, weighed 10 pounds morethan females with 13 years or more of education(table A).
Race, sex, and age.–The mean weight of whiteand black males ages 18-74 years is shown in table 17.Generally, the heavier white males of each age cate-gory were observed to be those at the highesteducational level. The age-adjusted mean weight ofwhite males ages 18-74 years with 13 years or moreof education was observed to be 9 pounds higher thanfor those males with less than 9 years of education
Educational level
200
175
c125
E
100
//
o
Lessthan 9 years
E 9-11 years
❑ 12 years
n 13 yearsor more
n r
18-24 25-34 36-44
Age in
45-54
years
55-64 65-74
Figure 7. Mean weight of males ages 18-74 years by age and educational level: United States, 1971-74
(table A). On the average, the age-adjusted meanweight of black males ages 18-74 years is 18 poundshigher for those with 13 years or more of educationthan for those with less than 9 years (table A). Themean interracial differences for males range from lessthan 1 pound at 9-11 years of education to 7 poundsat 13 years or more (table B).
Unlike white males, the heavier white females ofeach age category were generally observed to be thoseat the lowest e-durational level (table 18). Theobserved differences in white females’ mean weightbetween the lowest and highest educational levels areless than 8 pounds for all age groups except ages25-34 and 55-64 years. The observed differences atthese ages are each 13 pounds (table A). Overall,age-adjusted white females with less than 9 years of
education were 8 pounds heavier than those with 13years of education or more; the corresponding valuefor black females is 13 pounds (table A). On theaverage, black females ages 18-74 years with less than9 years of education weighed 14 pounds more thantheir white counterparts; however, the differencesdecrease to 9 pounds at 13 yearn or more ofeducation (table B).
Urbanization status
Age. –Adults of each age category living in ruralareas were generally observed to be heavier than thoseliving in either urban or urbanized areas (table 19).The observed differences in mean weight betweenthose adults living in urbanized areas and those living
17
18-24 25-34 3544
Age in
45-54
years
55-64
Educational level
Less than 9 years
E 9-11 years
❑ 12years
n13 years or more
65-74
in rural areas range from less than 1 pound forpersons ages 45-54 years to 4 pounds for persons ages55-74 years. Overall, the heaviest adults ages 18-74years were those living in rural areas, followed bythose living in urbanized areas. Those living in urbanareas generally had the lowest average weight.
Sex and age.–Table 19 shows that males ages25-34 years display the largest observed change inmean weight by urbanization status. Males ages 25-34years living in rural areas were found to be statis-tically heavier than those living in urbanized areas.The remaining age categories of males show nosignificant differences bet ween urbanized and ruralareas. Overall, males ages 18-74 living in rural areasaveraged 3 pounds heavier than those living inurbanized areas (table C).
On the average, females of each age category
18
Figure 8. Mean weight of females ages 18-74 years by age and educational Ieval: United States, 1971-74
living in rural areas were consistently observed to beheavier than those living in urbanized areas (table 19).The observed differences in mean weight betweenurbanized and rural areas range from 2 pounds forfemales ages 25-34 years to 5 pounds for females ages65-74 years. Only the mean weight of females agm18-24 years shows a statistically significant differencebetween urbanized and rural areas. Overall, femalesages 18-74 years living in rural areas were observed loweigh 3 pounds more than those living in urbanizedareas.
Race, sex, and age.–The mean weight of malesand females by urbanization status, race, and age isshown in tables 20 and 21. On the average, thehighest mean weights for white males in the youngestage groups (under 35 years) were observed in ruralzweas; for those ages 35-54 years, in urbanized areas;
and for those ages 55 years and over, in urban areas.The largest observed difference in mean weightbetween urbanized and rural areas, 8 pounds, occursfor white males ages 25-34 years. The observeddifferences in mean weight between urbanized andrural areas for white males of the o]der age categoriesare generally of the same magnitude as those for allmales. On the average, white males ages 18-74 yearsliving in rural areas were observed to be 2 poundsheavier than those living in urbanized areas and 4pounds heavier than those living in urban areas (tablesC and 20). The observed differences in average weightbetween urbanized and rural areas for black males ~eat least 5 pounds for each age category; however, theobserved differences are not consistently in the samedirection (table C).
The age-adjusted average weight of black malesages 18-74 years living in rural areas is 5 pounds morethan for black males living in urbanized rueas and 8pounds more than for black males living in urbanareas (tables C and 20). The interracial difference inage-adjusted mean weight of males ages 18-74 years is2 pounds for those living in urbanized areas. Thedifference increases to 5 pounds for urban areas, thendecreases to less than 1 pound for rural areas (tableB).
Females’ mean weight by race, age, and urbaniza-tion status is shown in table 21. On the average, whitefemales of each age category except 25-34 years livingin rural areas were heavier than their cohorts living inother seas. The observed differences in mean weightbet ween urbanized and rural areas range from 2pounds at ages 45-54 years to 5 pounds at ages 65-74years. These differences parallel those found for allfemales (table C). Black females, like black males,show varying magnitudes of observed differences inmean weight between urbanized and rural areas byage. Each age category’ of black females except ages25-34 and 65-74 years shows a higher mean weightfor rural areas than for urbanized areas. The observedmean weight of black females ages 3544 and 45-54years living in rural areas exceeds that of theircounterparts living in urbanized areas by 16 poundsand 25 pounds, respectively (table C). Overall, blackand white females ages 18-74 years living in ruralareas were observed to be heavier than their respec-tive cohorts living in urbanized areas; black femalesages 18-74 years were observed to be heavier thanwhite females at each urbanization status (table 21).The observed interracial differences in age-adjustedmean weight for females ages 18-74 years are 13pounds for urbanized residents, 23 pounds for urbanresidents, and 15 pounds for rural residents (table B).
Geographic region
Age. –The mean weight of adults ages 18-74 yearsby geographic region, sex, and age is presented in
table 22. On the average, adults of each age categoryliving in the Midwest were generally observed to beheavier than adults living in any other geographicregion. The largest observed regional difference inmean weight is less than 8 pounds. This is seenbetween adults ages 55-64 yearn living in the North-east region and the Midwest region. The age-adjustedmean weight of adults ages 18-74 years living in theMidwest region exceeds that of those living in theWest region by 5 pounds and exceeds that of otheradults in the other regions by less than 5 pounds.
Sex and age. –As shown in table 22, males andfemales of successive age categories living in theMidwest region were generally observed to be heavierthan those living in other regions. The largest regionaldifference in mean weight for males is less than 9pounds and occum between males ages 25-34 yearsliving in the Midwest and South regions. Corre-spondingly, the largest observed difference in meanweight for females is less than 7 pounds and occursbetween the Midwest and West regions for those ages55-64 years. A comparison of the Northeast andSouth regions shows no statistically significant dif-ferences in mean weight for males or females of anyage category (table C). Overall, the age-adjustedaverage weight for each sex ages 18-74 years variesless than 6 pounds among the regions (table 22).
Race, sex, and age.–The mean weight of malesages 18-74 years by geographic region, race, and age isshown in table 23. Large regional differences inaverage weight, which exceed 6 pounds, were ob-served for white males ages 25-34, 55-64, and 65-74years. Generally, white males living in the Midwestregion were heavier than those living in any othergeographic region. Black males’ mean weight show noconsistent patterns by geographic region. The vari-ations in average weight for black males of each agecategory are explained in part by the small number ofcases in some cells. Overall, black males ages 18-74years living in the Northeast and West regions were 5pounds and 4 pounds heavier, respectively, thanwhite males ages 18-74 years living in the sameregions. However, white males ages 18-74 years livingin the Midwest and South regions were 2 poundsheavier than black males ages 18-74 yearn living inthose regions (table B).
As shown in table 24, the mean weight of whitefemales by geographic region and age generallyparallel those for all females. For each age categoWexcept 3544 yeas, white females living in theMidwest region were observed to be heavier thanwhite females living in any other region. Generally,observed regional differences in average weight forwhite females of each age category are less than 10pounds. On the average, white females ages 18-74years living in the Midwest region were observed to beabout 4 pounds heavier than white females ages 18-74years living in the Northeast and South regions, but
19
they were about 6 pounds heavier than white females 18-74 years were observed to be consistently heavierages 18-74 years living in the West region. Some large than white females ages 18-74 years for each o:f thedifferences in mean weight were’ observed between four geographic regions. Within the Northeast region,the Northeast and Midwest regions for black females black females were, on the average, 12 poundsages 18-24 years between the Midwest and West heavier; within the Midwest region, 8 pounds heawier;regions for black females ages 35-44 years, and within the South region, 19 pounds heavier; andbetween the South and West regions for black females within the West region, 13 pounds heavier (table B).ages 55-64 years. On the average, black females ages
20
Discussion
In this report, the mean height and weight ofadults ages 18-74 years are analyzed according to age,sex, race, and socioeconomic and geographic varia-bles. The body measurements were collected as partof the anthropometry battery of the fust NationalHealth and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANESI) of 1971-74. The survey provides cross-sectionaldata and is representative of the U.S. civilian,noninstitutionalized population.
Cross-sectional data on adults’ body measure-ments were obtained for different age cohorts. Theage trends show the mean height and weight forsuccessive age cohorts and reflect the effects ofdifferent environmental and hereditary influences. 4The limitation of cross-sectional data is recognizedwhen considering changes over time. Patterns ofincreased height and weight in a cross-sectional surveymay be influenced by a secular trend in body size forsuccessive generations. The NHANES I height andweight measures represent the most recently availablecross-sectional data from which estimates can begeneralized to the U.S. population.
Body measurements depend in part on nutrientsupplys and thus provide one method of assessingnutritional status. Height and weight measures areinformative though limited in interpretive value un-less viewed in terms of total body composition. Bodyweight is influenced by many factors, such as fat,bone, and muscle. The separation of body weight intoits primary components would aid in describing onecomponent of the population’s nutritional status.
This report outlines many observations aboutmean height and weight by age, sex, race, andsocioeconomic and geographic variables. Further re-search is necessary in order to relate many of thedifferences to other variables, such as dietary intake,exercise, and other components of body composi-tion.G This kind of investigation could help clarifysome of the different patterns observed for thesocioeconomic and geographic variables. Moreover,evaluation of the significance of individual differences
in body composition must be applied to such criteriaas performance capacity, morbidity, and mortality.An operational definition is needed, in contrast to thestatistical descriptions of body measurements pre-sented in this report.
Income and educational differences
Males and females of successive age categorieswere observed to be taller as income and educationallevels increased. Younger individuals (those withhigher incomes and more education) were generallythe tallest, and older individuals (those with lowerincomes and less education) were observed to be theshortest. Findings horn the series Curren.t PopulationReports indicate that the proportion of persons ages25 years and over with less than 4 years of highschool education has been declining and that theproportion of persons ages 25 years and over with 4years or more of college education is increasing. 7These patterns of increased educational and incomelevels are reflected in the NHANES I data. The readershould be cognizant of differences in family incomeand educational levels among the four race-sex groupsof adults ages 18-74 yearn since, in this report,adjustments are made only for differences in the agedistributions.
The differences in the age-adjusted mean heightbetween the lowest and highest levels of income andeducation were observed to be less than 4 inches foradults ages 18-74 years by sex and race for each agecategory. The mean height of males ages 55-64 and65-74 yeans with an annual income of $15,000 andover was found to be statistically different from thatof their birth cohorts with an annual income under$4,000 (table A).
There is no statistically significant difference inthe mean height between the highest and lowestincome levels for females of any of the six agecategories. However, the observed differences inage-adjusted mean height between the higihest and the
21
lowest educational levels are larger than those ob-served between comparable income levels for each sexand for the four race-sex groups ages 18-74 years.Interracial differences in age-adjusted mean height forboth sexes are small (1 inch or less within eachincome or education stratum) and are of littleconsequence from a comparative or evaluative stand-point.
The mean weight of males and females showsopposite patterns as both annual family income andeducation increase from the 10west to highest levels.A direct association between each socioeconomicvariable and mean weight was found for males; anindirect association was found for females. Thisfiiding is true for white adults of each sex ages 18-74years.
The association between education and meanweight is more pronounced than the associationbetween income and mean weight for black females;the association is the same for white females ages18-74 years for both socioeconomic variables. More-over, interracial differences in mean weight forfemales are in@ectly related to educational level.
The finding that the mean weight of black andwhite males is not inversely related to income oreducational level does not necessarily mean that theyare not concerned about weight loss. Males probablyare concerned but to a lesser degree than females are.According to findings from the National HealthInterview Survey (NHIS), 49 percent of all femalesages 17 years and over perceived themselves asoverweight compared with 31 percent of males.g Thisstatement is reinforced by findings from theNHANES I data on actual physical measurements,which show that 23 percent of females ages 20-74years, compared with 13 percent of males, wereassessed as obese. Thus, the finding that males’ meanweight does not vary inversely with socioeconomicstatus seems to be related to the fact that males donot perceive themselves to be overweight or asoverweight as females perceive themselves to be.
There are other factors that may affect the relation-ship of mean weight and socioeconomic status formales; however, males’ perceptions of themselves asnot overweight is certainly an important factor.
Urbanization and regional differences
A comparison between urbanized and rural areasand between the Northeast and South regions showssmall but consistent differences in mean height of 0.8inch or less and 1.7 inches or less respectively, foradults ages 18-74 years by sex and for each race-sexgroup. Only males in age categories 35 years ancl overliving in the South region were found to be statis-tically taller than males living in the Northeast region.Adults ages 18-74 years of each sex living in ruralareas and in the South region were observed to beheavier, on the average, than those living in urbanizedareas and the Northeast region. Differences in meanweight are larger for black adults for each sex thanfor white adults. In making comparisons by race, theage-adjusted mean differences should be used sincethey are more stable and are generally comparable tothose of white adults.
Neither males nor females by age show anystatistically significant difference in mean weightbetween the South and Northeast regions, As slhownearlier for socioeconomic variables, large differencesin mean weight by race for each urbanization statusand each geographic region were found for females.The age-adjusted mean weight of black females ages18-74 years exceeds that of white females ages 
Summary
In this report, the mean height and weight ofpersons ages 18-74 yearn in the U.S. civilian, non-institutionalized population, as obtained by the firstNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of1971-74, are described by age, sex, race, and socio-economic and geographic vanabIes. Major findings tiesummarized as follows:
Males and females were observed to be generallytaller as annual income increases from under$4,000 to $15,000 and over for successive birthcohorts. This finding is also true for white adultsby sex.
On the average, males ages 55-64 and 65-74 yea-swith an annual income of $15,000 and over arestatistically taller than those with an annualincome under $4,000. There are no statisticaldifferences in females’ mean height for the twoincome levels.
Interracial differences in mean height by sex foradults ages 18-74 years are less than 1 inch.Recognizing the small differences, the meanheight of black females ages 18-74 years equals orexceeds that of white females ages 18-74 years,and the mean height of white males ages 18-74years generally exceeds that of black m~es ages18-74 years.
For each sex and age category, adults with 13years or more of education were observed to beconsistently taller, on the average, than those atany other educational level.
The mean height of males and females ages 18-74yeas is directly related to income and educa-tional levels.
There is no statistically significant difference infemales’ mean height between urbanized and ruralareas; however, males ages 65-74 yearn living inrural areas were found to be statistically tallerthan their counterparts living in urbanized areas.Males and females living in the Northeast regionwere observed to be shorter than those living inany other region. Males ages 35 years and overliving in the South region Me statisticzdly taller
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
than their counterparts living in the Northeastregion. The mean height of females is statisticallydifferent for each age category between thoseliving in the Northeast and South regions.
The heavier males of each age category weregenerally observed to be those with an annualincome of $15,000 and over. In fact, males ofeach age category except 18-24 and 35-44 yearswith an annual income of $15,000 and over werefound to be statistically heavier than those withan annual income under $4,000. The heavierfemales of successive age categories, however,were generally observed to be those with anannual income under $4,000. Hence, mean weightwas observed to be inversely related to income forfemales but directly related to income for males.
Males and females show opposite patterns inmean weight as educational level increases fromless than 9 years to 13 years or more. This findingis also true for income.The mean weight for white adults of each sexparallels those for all adults of each sex for succes-sive birth cohorts as educational level increases.
The inte~acial difference in mean weight in-creases for males but decreases for females as thelevel of education increases from less than 9 yearsto 13 years or more.
Females living in rural areas were observed to begenerally heavier than those living in urbanizedareas. Only females ages 18-24 yearn living in ruralareas were found to be statistically heavier thantheir counterparts living in urbanized areas.
For each sex of adults ages 18-74 years, thoseliving in rural areas were observed to be heavierthan those living in urbanized areas. This findingis also true for each race-sex group.Males ‘and females living in the Midwest regionwere observed to be heavier than males andfemales living in any other region.
Comparisons between the Northeast and Southregions show no statistically significant differencein the mean weight of males or females.
23
1National Center for Health Statistics: Weight and hei@ ofadults 18-74 years of age: United States, 1971-74, by S.Abraham, C. L. Johnson, and M. F. Najjar. Vital and HealthStatistics. Series 1 l-No. 211. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 79-1659.Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government PrintingOffice, May 1979.
2National Center for Health Statistics: Weight by height andage for adults 18-’?4 years: United States, 1971-74, by S.Abraham, C. L. Johnson, and M. F. Najjar. Vital and HealthStatistics. Series 1l-No. 208. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 79-1656.Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Sept. 1979.
3National Center for Health Statistics: Plan and operation ofthe Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States,1971-1973, by H, W. Miller. Vital and Health Statistics. Series1-Nos. 10a and 10b. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 79-1310. HealthResources Administration. Washington. U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, June 1979.
4Tanner, J. M., Hiemaux, J., and Jarman, S.: Growth andPhysique Studies in IBP Handbook No. 9. Human Biology: AGuide to Field Methods, Weiner, J. S. and Lourie, J. A.London. Internat. Biol, Programme, 1969.
5National Center for Health Statistics: Caloric and selectednutrient values for persons 1-74 years of age: Fimt Health andNutrition Examination Survey, United States, 1971-1974, byS, Abraham, M. D. Carroll, C. L. Johnson, and C. M. Dresser.Vital and Health Statistics. Series 11-No. 209. DHEW Pub. No.(PHS) 79-1657. Public Health Service. Washington, U.S.Government Printing Office, June 1979.
6Keys, A., and Grande, F.: Body weight, body composition,and czdoric status, in R. S. Goodhart and M, E. Shils, eds.,Modern Nutrition in Health and Direase. Philadelphia. Lea andFebiger, 1973. p. 20.
7U. S, Bmeau of the Census: Education~ att~nment, March
1972. Current Population Reports. Series P-20, No. 243.Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972,
8U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Health,United States, 1978. DHEW Pub. No. (PHS) 78-1232. PublicHealth Semite. Washington. U.S. Government Pfiting Office,Dec. 1978.
‘National Center for Health Statistics: The HANES Study,Final Report. Prepared by the Institute for Survey Research.HSM-1 10-73-376. Health Services and Mental Health Adminis-tration. Philadelphia. Temple University.
10U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: AComparison and Analysis of Examined and UnexaminedPer~ons on Medical Histoiy Characten%tics for the First Roundof the Health and Nutrition Examination Study HSM-110-73-371. Prepared by Westat Inc. Rockville, Md. Jan. 24,1974.
11National Center for Health Statistics: Factors related toresponse in a Health Examination Survey: United States,1960-1962. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 2-No. 6. IBHEWPub. No. 36 (HSM) 73-1263. Health Services and MentalHealth Administration. Washington. U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Aug. 1969.
12Wesley L. Schaible, Ph. D., Acting Chief, MethodologicalResearch Branch, National Center for Health Statistics: Memo-randum to Arthur J. McDowell, Director. Division of HealthExamination Statistics, June 21, 1974.
13National Center for Health Statistics: HES Variance andCross Tabulation Program (In House fiogram), Version 2, byG. Jones. Mar. 10, 1977. p. 11,
14Koch, G. G., Freeman, D. H., and Freeman, J. L.: Strategiesin the multivanate analysis of data from complex surveys. Int.Stat. Rev. 43(1):59-78, 1975.
15Freeman, D. H., Freeman, J. L., Brock, D. B., and Koch,G. G.: Strategies in the multivariate analysis of data fromcomplex surveys II: An application to the United StatesNational Health Interview Survey. Int. Stat. Rev. 44:317-330,1976.16Scheffe, H.: The Analysis of Variance. New York. JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., 1959.
17Jolmson, W., and Koch, G.: Analysis of qualitative data:Linear functions. Health Seru. Res. 5(4):358-369, Winter1970.
lsw~d, A.: Tests of statistical hypothesis concerning SWed
parameters when the number of observations is large. Trans.Am. Math. Sot. 54:426, 1943.
19National Center for Health Statistics: Replication: Anapproach to the analysis of data from complex surveys, byP. J. McCarthy. Vital and Health Statistics. PHS Pub, No.1000-Series 2-No. 14. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S.Government Printing Office, Apr. 1966.
20Freeman, D. H., and Brock, D. B.: The role of the co-variance matrix estimation in the analysis of complex samplesurvey data, in N. K. Namboodiu, cd., Survey Samplin,g undMeasurement. New York. Academic Press, 1978. pp. 1211-140.
24
List of detailed tables
1. Height in inches of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and
annual family income, mean, standard deviation, and age-
adjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Height in inches of meles eges 18-74 yeers, by race, age, and
annual family income, maan, standard deviation, and age-
adjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . , . . . .
3. Height in inches of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age,
and annual family income, maan, stendard daviation, and
age.adjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Height in inches of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, andy educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted
values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
“ 5. Height in inches of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and
educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted
values: United Statas,1971-74 . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . .
~ 6. Height in Inches of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age,
and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-
adjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Height in inches of adults aws 18-74 years, by sax, age, and
urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and aga-ed-
justed values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S. Height in inchas of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and
urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-ad-
justed values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. Height in inches of females ages 18-74 yeers, by race, age,
and urbanimtion status, mean, standard deviation, andage-adjusted values: United States, 1971-74 . . , . . . . . . , . .
10. Height in inches of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and
geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-ad-
justed values: United States, 1971-74 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. Height in inches of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and
geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-ad-
justed values: United States, 1971-74 . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12. Height in inches of females ages 18-74 ymrs, by race, age,
and geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age.ad-
justed values: United States, 1971-74 . . , . . . . . . , . . . . . .
13.
26
14.
27
15.
2716.
28
17.
29
18.
2819.
30
20.
31
21.
31
22.
32
23.
33
24.
33
Weight in pounds of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and
annual family income, mean, standard deviation, and age-ad-
justed values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weight in pounds of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and
annual family income, mean, standard deviation, and age-ed-
justed values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . .
Weight in pounds of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age,
and family income, mean, standard deviation, and age-ad-
justed values: United States, 1971-74 . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weight in pounds of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and
educational level, maan, standard deviation, and age-adjusted
values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weight in pounds of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and
educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted
valuas: United Statesr 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weight in pounds of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age,
and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and aga-ad-
justed valuas: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weight in pounds of adults a- 18-74years, by sex, age, and
urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-ad-
justed values: United Stetes,1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weight in pounds of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and
urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-ad-
justedveluas: United States, 1971-74 . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weight in pounds of females agea 18-74 years, by race, age,
and urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, andage-adjusted values: United Stat=, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weight in pounds of adults ages 18-74 yeers, by sex, racer
and geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-ad-
justed values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .
Weight in pounds of males ages 18-74 years, by race, aga, and
geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-ad-
justedvalues: United States, 1971-74 . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . .
Weight in pounds of females agas 18-74 years, by race, age,
and geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-ad-
justed values: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .
34
35
35
36
37
37
38
39
39
40
41
41
25
Table 1. Height in inches of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and annual family income, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:United States, 1971-74
Annual family income
Sex and ageUnder $4,000 $4,000-$6,999 $7,000-$9,999 $10,000-$74,999 $15,000 and over
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MaanStandard
deviationMean
StandardMean
Standarddeviation deviation deviation deviation
Both sexes
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.2
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.925-34 veara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.83544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,045-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,....., 65.355-84yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.265-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8
Males
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3
18-24vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.725-34vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.13544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.945-54years ..,.....,,.. . . . . . . . . 68.355-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.465-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7
Females
18-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.1
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3
25-34vears . . . . . . . . . ..n. . . . . . . . 63.83544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.545-54veere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.555-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.565-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1
Age-adjusted values:Both sexes,18-74vears . . , . . . . . . . 65.5Males, 18-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,6Females, 18-74years . . . . . . . , . . . 63.4
3,8
3.93.84.03.43.53.4
3,1
2,93.33.22.72.62.6
2.7
2.62.42.7
242.62.5
.,.
.,..,
65.6
66.565.965.665.4
65.364.5
68.6
69.469.168.468.268.467.2
63.4
64.163.763.4
63.562.8
62.2
65.6
68.664.0
3.7
3.83.83.83.23.73.4
2.9
3.23.13.22.02.62.3
2.5
2.52.52.62.32.42,2
.,.
. . ..,,
Height in inches
66,2
66.766.666.565.765.565.0
68.9
69,669.269.068.668.267.5
63.7
64.263.964.263.663.0
62.5
66.168.363,7
3.7
3.73.73.73.43.53.5
2.8
2.72,73.02.52.62.6
2.5
2.42.42.72.42.22.3
. . .,,..,.
66.7 3.7
67.1 3.867.2 3.866.7 3.466.6 3.665.7 4.065.0 3.3
69.4 2.7
69,9 2,770.0 2,869.2 2.568,9 2.668.7 2.567.9 2.3
64.0 2.5
64.5 2.684.4 2.464.4 2.3
63.8 2.3
62.5 2.5
63.0 2.3
66.6 . . .69.3 . . .63,9 . . .
66.8
67.267.166.866.6
66.165.9
69.3
69.969.969.569.268.368.3
63.9
64.2
64.364.163.862.7
62.6
66.769.363.8
3,7
3,83,93,53,73.73.7
2.7
2.62.92.32.82.52.5
2.4
2.32.52.4
2.12.6
2.3
. . .,.,.,.
26
Table2. Height in inches of males ages 18-74 years, by ram, age, and annual family income, mean, stendard deviation, andage-adjusted values:United States. 1971-74
Annual family income
Race and ageUnder $4,0~ $4,000.$6,999 $7.mo-$9,999 $70,000-$14,999 $15,000 and over
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
deviation deviation deviation deviation deviation
White males Height in inches
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.4 3.1 68.5 3.0 68.9 2.8 69.4 2.7 69.4 2.6
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.0 2.9 69.3 3.3 69.7 2.6 69.9 2.8 70.0 2.6
25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.7 3.0 69.2 3.1 69.3 2.6 70.2 2.7 70.0 2.8
3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...-68.9 2.7 68.4 3.3 68.8 3.0 69.3 2.5 69.7 2.1
45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 2.9 68.3 2.1 68.7 2.5 68.9 2.6 69.2 2.8
55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 2.7 68.4 2.7 68.2 2.7 68.7 2.5 68.4 2.565-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7 2.7 67.2 2.3 67.5 2.6 67.9 2.3 68.3 2.4
Black males
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.2 3.0 68.8 2.5 69.0 2.9 68.7 2.7 69.0 2.2
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 2.8 70.4 2.4 69.0 3.3 69.8 2.3 68.7 2.0
25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3 3.6 68.1 2.3 68.5 3.0 68.1 2.7 70.1 1.835-44years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.9 3.8 68.4 2.9 70.9 1.9 68.2 1.2 67.8 1.645-54Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8 2.4 68.0 1.7 67.9 2.2 69.6 3.3 70.0 1.755-64Vears, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.5 2.2 68.6 1.8 68.5 3.0 70.3 2.4 66.8 1.9
65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.0 2.5 67.7 2.2 67.8 2.1 68.1 2.0 *66.2 +3.7
Age-adjusted values:White males,18-74years . . . . . . . . . 68.8 . . . 68.6 . . . 68.8 . . . 69.3 . . . 69.4 . . .
Black males,18-74years . . . . . . . . . 6B.3 . . . 68.7 . . . 6B.8 . . . 69.0 . . . 68.7 . . .
Table3. Height in inches of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and annual family income, mean, stendard deviation, and age-adjusted values:
United States, 1971-74
Annuaffamilyincome
RaceandapLJnder$4,0W $4,000.$6,999 $7,m9,999 $70,m$14,999 $15,000 and over
MaanStino%rd
MeanStandard
MaanStandard
MaanStandard
deviation MeanStandard
&viation deviation deviation deviation
White females Height in inches
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.0 2.7 63.4 2.5 63.8 2.5 84.0 2.5 63.9 2.4
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 2.5 64.2 2.5 64.3 2.4 64.6 2.6 64.3 2.425-34Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.9 2.9 63.7 2.6 64.0 2.4 64.4 2.4 64.3 2.53544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 2.6 63.2 2.6 64.3 2.6 64.4 2.3 64.2 2.345-54years .. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 2.5 63.5 2.2 63.6 2.4 63.8 2.3 63.7 2.155-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 2.5 63.0 2.2 63.1 2.2 62.5 2.5 62.7 2.665-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 2,5 62.2 2.2 62.5 2.3 63.0 2.2 62.6 2.3
Black females
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 2.5 63.5 2.5 63.8 2.3 64.2 2.4 64.5 2.2
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.0 2.8 63.9 2.1 64.0 2.6 63.8 1.8 64.2 1.925-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 2.3 64.0 2.0 63.8 2.4 &4.3 2.7 64.4 2.43544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.4 2.5 64.1 2.5 64.3 2.5 64.9 2.0 63.4 2.545-54Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 2.3 63.6 2.4 64.0 1.5 63.9 2.5 65.4 1,455-64Vaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 2.5 60.9 2.9 62.6 1.3 *64.4 ●2.O ●64.5 *2.965-74years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 2.2 63.0 1.6 61.8 1.9 62.7 3.0 *61 .7 “0.0
Age-adjustad values:White famales, 18-74Vears. . . . . . . . 63.4 . . . 63.4 .,. 63.7 . . . 63.9 . . . 63.8 ,..Blackfemales, 18-74years . . . . . . . . 63.7 . . . 63.5 . . . 63.7 . . . 64.1 . . . 64.1 ,..
27
Table4. Height in inches of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:
United States, 1971-74
Educational level
Sex and ageLess than 9 years 9-11 years 12 years 13 years or more
—
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard Standard
deviation deviation deviation Meandeviation
Both sexes
18-74 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Males
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Females
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-84years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74years ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age-adjusted values:Both sexes, lS-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . .Males, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Females, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65.2
64.965.865.566.065.164.3
67.9
66.968.568.268.567.767.1
62.5
62,763.162.763.0
62.362.0
65.467.962.7
3.8
3.53.84.03.83.73.6
2.8
3,13.13.12.62.52.6
2.5
2,42.22.7
2.42.52.5
. . .
. . .
.,.
Height in inches
65,7 3.5 66.1
66.7 3.6 66.665.7 3,4 66.665.9 3.3 66.365.8 3.3 65.765,0 3.7 65.363,9 3.4 64.6
68.5 2.5 69.3
69.3 2.4 69.968.7 2.5 69.668.6 2.6 69.368.1 2.5 68.868.2 2.3 68.666,9 2.6 67.6
63.5 2.5 63,9
64.0 2.5 64.203.9 2.4 64.163.9 2.3 64.263.4 2.1 63.862.7 2.6 62.962.2 2.4 62,5
65.7 . . . 66,068.5 . . . 69.163.5 . . . 63.7
3.7
3.93.73.53,43.73.4
2.7
2.92.72.42.52.82.4
2.4
2.52.32.52.2
2.22.4
.,.
. . .,.,
67.3
67.567.767.867.366.465.1
69.7
70.170.169.769.768.768.1
64.3
64.764.564.8
64.263.563.1
67.169.664.2
3.8
3.73.93.53.83.63.3
2.7
2.72.92.52.72,52.5
2.5
2.42.62,32.52.3
2.0
,...,.. . .
28
Table5. Height in inches of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:United States, 1971-74
Educational level
Race and ageLess than 9 years 9-11 years 12 years 13 years or more
MeanStandard
MeanSiandard
MeanStandard Standard
deviation deviation deviation Meandeviation
White males Height in inches
18-74 years ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.8 2.8 68.4 2.5 69.3 2.7 69.9 2.7
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.9 3.1 69.2 2.4 69.9 2.9 70.2 2,725-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 2.9 68.6 2.4 69.7 2.6 70,3 2.835-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.1 3.0 68.2 2.4 69.3 2.4 69.9 2.445-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.6 2.8 68.3 2.5 68.9 2.5 69.7 2.755-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.7 2.6 68.3 2.4 68.7 2.8 68.8 2.565-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 2.6 67.0 2.7 67.6 2,4 68.2 2.5
Black males
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 2.8 69.0 2.7 69.0 2.7 69A 2.4
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 3.1 69.6 2.2 70.0 2.8 70.2 2.325-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.3 3.8 68.8 2.8 68.0 2.7 69.4 2.23544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 3.3 70.4 2.8 68.9 1.9 68.4 1.645-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.1 2.1 67.1 2.4 68.9 2.4 69.8 2.855-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 2.3 68.1 1.8 67.7 1.2 *67.9 *3.265-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.3 2,5 66.8 2.2 67.5 2.2 67.7 1.4
Age-adjusted values:White males,18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.9 . . . 68.4 . . . 69.2 . . . 69.7 . . .Blackmales, 18-74years . . . . . . , . . . . . 67.9 . . . 68.9 . . . 68.7 . . . 69.2 . . .
Table6. Height in inches of females ages 18-74 years, by racer age, and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:
United States, 1971 -74
Educational level
Raceanda~Less than 9 years 9-71 years 12 years 13 years or more
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
deviation deviation deviation deviation
White females Height in inches
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3 2.5 63.4 2.5 63.9 2.4 64.4 2.5
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 2.5 63.9 2.6 64.3 2.4 64.825-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.463.1 2.3 63,9 2.5 64.1 2.3 64.6 2.6
35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 2.6 63.8 2.2 64.3 2.4 64.8 2.345-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,7 2.4 63.3 2.1 63.8 2.3 64.255-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.562.1 2.4 62.7 2.6 63.0 2.1 63.5
65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.3
61.9 2.4 62.2 2.4 62.5 2.4 63.1 2.0
Black females
lB-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.3 2.4 63.8 2.4 63.8 2.5 64.3 2.3
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 1.7 64.2 2.2 63.8 2.6 64.4 2.425-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 2.0 63.6 2.2 64.1 2.5 64.53544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.263.8 2.8 64,6 2.5 64.0 2.4 65.0
45-54~eare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.8
64.0 2.2 63.8 2.1 63.8 2.0 63.855-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.563.0 2.6 62.8 2.4 61.1 2.1 *62.9
65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*3.O
62.5 2.4 62.3 2.5 62.6 2.6 63.6 2.0
Age-adjusted values:
White females, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 . . . 63,4 .,. 63.8 . . . 64.3 . . .Blackfemales, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . 63.4 . . . 63.7 . . . 63.5 . . . 64.2 . . .
29
Table7. Height in inches of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:
United States, 1971-74
Urbanization status
Sex and ageUrbanized area Urban area Rural area
—
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
deviation deviation deviatian
Both sexes
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-44years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54years, ..,....,,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Height in inches
66.2 3.8 66.2 3.7 66.2 3.7
66.8 3.8 66.8 3.6 66.9 3.866.8 3.9 66.5 3:5 66.8 3.866.5 3.7 66.3 3.6 66.5 3.566.2 3.6 66.4 3.5 66.0 3.665.1 3.7 65.8 3.9 65.7 3.664.3 3.5 64.3 3.5 64.8 3.5
Males
18-74years . . . . . . . ..m... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.0 2.8 68.9 2.8 69.0 2.8
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 2.8 69.5 2.7 69.6 2.925-34years . . . . . . . . ..r.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 69.6 2.9 69.2 2.7 69.8 2.83544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.2 2.6 68.9 3.0 69.1 2.745.54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 2.6 68.8 2.6 69.0 2.755-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 2.7 68.7 2.5 68.5 2.465-74years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 2.5 67’.4 2.6 67.6 2.6
Females
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54years .,, ..,....., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age-adjusted values:Both sexes, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Males, 18-74years, ...,.., . . . . . . . . . . . .Femalas,18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63.6
64.364.164.063.762.662.2
66.168.963.6
2.6
2.62.62.72.52.52.4
,..,... . .
63.8
64.364.264.163.962.962.5
66.268.963.8
2.5
2.42.32.62.22.62.4
. . .
. . .. .
63,7
64.364.164.163.563.062.5
66.269.163.7
2.3
2.42.32.32,12.22,3
. . .
.,.
. . .
30
Table8. Height in inches of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:United States, 1971-74
Urbanization status
Race and ageUrbanized area Urban area Rural area
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
deviation deviation deviation
White males
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black males
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64years . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age-adjusted values:White males, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Blackmales. 18-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69.0
69.969.769.268.968.067.1
68.7
69.268.869.468.168.167.4
69.068.7
2.8
2.82.92.62.62.72.5
2.7
2.72.82.72.52.62.2
. .. . .
Height in inches
69.0 2.6
69.7 2.569.5 2.669.0 2.668.9 2.768.8 2.567.5 2.6
68.3 3.5
69.5 3.567.3 1.5
‘68.0 *6.168.1 2.5
*67.9 +1.3
66.8 2.6
69.0 . . .68.1 . . .
69.1
69.669.969.269.068.567.6
68.6
69.868.5
*68. 168.568.267.2
69.168.6
2.8
3.02.72.72.72.42.6
2.6
2,43.4
●1.82.01.92.6
. . .
. . .
Table9. Height in inches of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:United States, 1971-74
Urbanization status
Race and ageUrbanized area Urban area Rural area
MeanStandard
Mean.Wandard
MeanStandard
deviation deviation deviation
White females Height in inches
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 2.6 63.7 2.5 63.7 2.3
18-24years . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IM.4 2.6 64.3 2.3 64.3 2.425-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 2.6 64.2 2.3 64.2 2.335-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...8.... 64.1 2.6 64.3 2.5 64.1 2.345-54years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 2.5 63.9 2.3 63.4 2,155-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 2.4 62.8 2.7 63.0 2.165-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 2.4 62.5 2.4 62.5 2.3
Black females
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 2.5 64.0 2.5 63.7 2.2
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 2.4 65.0 2.7 64.2 2.325-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.0, 2.4 64.2 2.4 63.2 1.93544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 2.6 63.9 1.7 64.7 2.345-54years ..u. an....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 2.4 63.7 1.9 64.0 1.755-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.5 2.7 63.9 1.8 63.2 2.365-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 2.3 62.1 3.2 62.4 2.0
Age-adjusted values:White femalas,18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 . . . 63.8 . . . 63.8Black fema!es, 18-74v’ears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,..63.6 . . . 64.0 . . . 63.8 ,..
31
Table 10. Height in inches of adults ages 18-74 yaars, by sex, age, and geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-acljusted valuas:
United States, 1971-74
Geographic region
Sex end ageNortheast Midwest South West
MeenStanderd
MeanStandard
MeanStandard Standard
deviation devietion deviation Mean deviation
Both saxes
18-74 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lB-24yaara, ..,.,....,.,.. . . . . . . . .25-34 yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,
Malas
18-74years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Females
18.74years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6!5-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age-adjusted values:Both sexes,18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . .Males, 18-74yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Femalas, lB-74yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Height in inches
65.6 3.7 66.5 3.8 66.4 3.6 66.2 3.8
66.6 3.7 67.1 3.9 66.9 3.5 66.8 4.066.4 3.7 67,2 4.0 66.8 3.6 66,6 3.866.1 3.6 66.5 3.6 66.9 3.7 66.5 3.665.4 3.4 66,4 3.5 66.3 3.5 66.5 3.864.5 3.6 65.8 3.8 65.9 3.6 65.4 3,664.0 3.5 64,6 3,4 64.7 3.5 64.7 3,5
68,4 2.7 69.3 2.8 69.3 2,7 69.1 2,9
69,4 2.4 69.8 2,8 69.6 2.7 69.8 3.368.9 2.9 70.3 2.8 69.6 2.7 69.4 2.868.7 2,5 69.1 2.9 69.9 2.5 69.0 2.768.1 2.4 68.8 2.6 69.2 2.6 69.4 2.767.4 2.7 68.6 2.4 68.8 2.4 68.2 2.666.7 2.5 67.4 2.6 67,7 2.6 67.4 2.5
63.2 2.6 63,7 2.4 63.9 2.4 63.8 2.6
63.9 2.4 64.2 2.5 64.6 2.3 64.3 2.663.9 2.5 64.1 2.4 64.3 2.3 64.1 2.563.6 2.6 64.2 2.4 64.4 2.3 64.1 2.663.2 2.5 63.6 2.1 64.0 2.2 63.8 2.562.1 2.4 62.7 2.4 63.1 2.2 63.0 2.5
61.8 2.5 62.6 2.3 62.5 2.3 62,4 2.4
65,7 . . . 66.4 . . . 66.4 . . . 66.2 .,.68,4 . . . 69.2 . . . 69,3 .,. 69.1 . . .63.2 . . . 63.7 ,.. 64.0 . . . 63.7 ,..
Table Il. Height in inches of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:
United States, 1971-74
Geographic region
Race and ageNorthaast Midwest South West
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
deviationMean
Standarddeviation deviation deviation
White males
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.4
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.425-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.03544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.745-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.155-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.365-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.7
Black males
1%-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.625-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.53544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.745-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.755-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.965-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.5
Age-ad justed val ues:White males,18.74yaars . , . . . . . . . . . . 68.4Black males, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . , . . 68.6
2.7
2.42.92.52,42.82.5
2.8
2.42.93.02.22.42.6
. . .
. . .
69.4
70.070.569.368.968.767.4
68.4
69.069.167.967.667.868.2
89.368.4
Height in inches
2.8 69.4
2.7 69.72.8 69.72.8 70.02.6 69.52.5 69.02.6 67.8
2.7 68.6
3.4 69.32.4 68.82.9 69.42.1 68.11.5 67.72.3 67.1
. . . 69.4
. . . 68.6
2.6
2.62.52.22.62.42.6
2.9
2.73.33.42.32.22.5
. . .
. . .
69.1
69.869.669.169.468.167.5
69.2
70.767.469.369.769.867.4
69.169.2
2.9
3.42.72.72.72.62.5
2.5
2.12.31.82.62,12.0
. . .
. . .
Table 12. Height in inches of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and geographic region, meanr standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:United States, 1971-74
Geographic region
RaceandageNorth west Midwest South West
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
deviation deviation deviation deviation
White females Height in inches
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 2.6 63.8 2.4 63.9 2.4 63.8 2.6
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.0 2.4 64.2 2.5 64.7 2.3 64.3 2.625-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 2.5 64.2 2.4 64.5 2.2 64.1 2,6
3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 2.6 64.4 2.3 64.4 2.3 64.1 2.645-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 2.5 63.6 2.1 63.9 2.3 63.7 2.555-64years m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 2.3 62.8 2.4 63.1 2.2 63.1 2.5
65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.8 2.5 62.6 2.3 62.5 2.3 62.4 2.3
81ackfemales
18-74yeare .,,.......,.. . . . . . . . . . . 63,3 2.6 63.4 2.4 63.9 2.4 64.1 2.4
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.2 2.1 63.6 2.6 64.3 2.3 64.3 2.825-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 2.2 63.7 2.0 63.8 2.5 64.2 2.235-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 2.5 63.8 2.6 64.4 2.4 65.1 2.245-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.8 1.9 63.8 2.6 64.1 1.9 64.2 2.255-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.0 3.8 62.5 2.1 63.5 2.1 62.4 1.965-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 2.3 62.3 2.2 62.4 2.5 63.1 2.1
Age adjusted values:White females, 18-74years . . . , . . . , . . , 63.2 . . . 63.7 . . . 64.0 . . . 63.7 . . .Blackfemales, 18-74yeers . . , . . . . . . . . 63.2 . . . 63.4 . . . 63.9 . . . 64.1 .,.
33
Table 13. Weight in pounds of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and annual family income, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:United States, 1971-74
Annual family income
Sax and ageUnder $4,000 $4,000-$6,999 $7,000-$9,999 $10,000-$ 14,99~ $15,000 and over
MeanStandard
MaanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
deviation deviation deviation deviation deviation
Both sexes
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1452!5-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1543544years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16745-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16055-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15665-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Males
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15925-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1603544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,,.,. 17945-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16655-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15865-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Females
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13225-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15035-44years . . . . . .%....... . ...8. 15745-54years ., ., ..,,.... . . . . . . . . 15755-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15565-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Age-adjusted values:
8othsexes, 18-74 vaars . . . . . . . . . . 156Males,18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164Females, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . 150
37
34
3547
383930
35
312950353629
37
313842
394030
. . .
. . .
.,,
155
148159162156159152
169
164176174162177165
144
135147152
151145141
156170146
35
334035323428
32
294027303525
33
313638322628
. . .
. . .
. . .
Weight inpounds
157
148157184159160156
171
168173176172171165
144
132141153
149150146
157172145
34
343637333129
30
313029302827
33
263440323027
. . .
. . .,..
159
149
158163166160153
176
166180179178174166
142
134135148
150144143
158175142
34
303734323230
30
273328282627
29
242433313129
. . .,.,. . .
159
148158161164164158
177
166180181182175170
139
127136140144146142
158176139
35
314234333229
30
264026272624
29
223128273427
.,.
.,,
.,.
34
Table 14. Weight in pounds of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and annual family incoma, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:United States, 1971-74
Annual r%mily income
Race and ageUnder $4,000 $4,000-$6,999 $7, W0-$9,999 $10,000-$14,999 $15,000 and over
MeanStandard
MawsStan&rd
MmnStandard
MeanStandard
deviationMean
Standarddeviation deviation deviation deviation
White males Weight in pounds
18-74 years a m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 32 169 32 172 28 177 30 178 28
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 26 165 30 168 29 167 27 166 26
25-34 years . . . . . . . . . .. m..... . . . 160 19 178 40 174 30 181 34 178 31
3544 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 51 172 24 174 28 179 28 182 26
45-54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 34 161 31 172 29 179 28 182 27
55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 35 176 32 170 27 175 26 175 26
65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 29 165 24 165 26 165 26 170 24
Black males
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 41 168 36 174 35 171 30 184 59
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 46 160 19 168 45 158 19 164 28
25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 41 158 41 168 25 174 28 214 92
3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 48 183 37 191 27 185 34 173 1645-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 36 164 28 169 33 162 33 171 16
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 41 183 51 198 33 173 40 172 21
65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 29 169 30 160 28 172 38 *158 *3O
Age-adjusted values:
White males, 18-74yeers . . . . ,. . . . 164 . . . 170 . . . 172 175 . . . 176 . . .
Black males, 18.74 years . . . . . . . . . 168 . . . 168 . . . 174 ::: 170 . . . 178 . . .
Table 16. Weight in pounds of females ages 18-74 yeara, by race, age, andannual family income, mean, standard deviation, andage-adjusted values:United States, 1971-74
Annual family income
Race andegaUnder $4.OW $4,00G$6,999 $7,1M0-$9,999 $1 OJWO-$14,999 $15,000 and ovar
MaanStandard
MeanStenderd
MaanStano%d Standard
MeanStandard
deviation deviation dwiation deviationMean
deviation
White females
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 33 143 30
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 31 135 2925-34 years .m . . . . . . . . .. m.... . . . 148 34 146 363544years .. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 39 149 3845-54 years .m . . . . . . . . . . . ..m . . . . 152 37 148 2755-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 33 142 2465-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 29 140 27
Weight in pounds
143 32 142 29 139 29
131 25 134 24 126 20140 34 135 25 135 31152 40 148 33 139 26147 29 149 30 144 28149 30 143 30 146 34146 27 143 28 141 27
Black females
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 45 155 41 156 37 149 31 153 35
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 33 136 39 140 33 135 24 143 3825-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 44 154 39 144 xl 138 19 151 333541years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 47 164 34 164 35 150 24 178 5445-54years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 38 168 46 177 49 167 43 148 1355-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 58 168 32 165 30 ’198 *13 *149 “765-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 35 153 36 142 34 ●156 ●34 ●158 ●5
Age-adjusted valuas:
White females, 18-74years . . . . . . . . 146 . . . 144 . . . 144 . . . 142 . . . 138 . . .Blackfemales, 18-74years . . . . . . . . 159 . . . 1% . . . 155 . . . 153 . . . 154 . . .
35
Table 16. Weight in pounds of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:Unitad States, 1971-74
Educational Iavel
Sex and ageLess dsan 9 years 9-11 years 12 years 13 years or more
MeanStandard
A&nStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStan dard
daviation deviation deviation cfeviation
Both sexes
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34Veara . . . . . 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544Vaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Males
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Females
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34Vaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -35-44Vears . . . ..n . . ..B.. . . . . . . . . . .45-54yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64Vears .. m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age-adjusted values:Both sexes,18-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . .Males, 18-74Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Females, 18-74yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weight in pounds
35 155
36 14836 . 15636 15935 15931 15831 152
158
147158169166156152
160
141161162165161156
35
294037363530
156
149156162159159150
35
333734323430
35
303937313228
167
147175169
172168163
32
254131323028
169
167168174168173161
30
303228273125
175 31
263729253124
32 175
35 16729 17833 179
31 17828 17629 167
163177183182170166
31
29
3231293028
138
130
134146145139142
28
242638262525
152
134
148154157155149
36
32
3642
383930
146
131149153
149150144
34 141
28 133
37 139
35 145
36 14729 14531 141
156169146
. . . 155
. . . 175
. . . 141
158174139
158166149
. . .
. . .
.,.
.,,,.,,,.
. . .
. . .
. . .
36
Table 17. Weight in pounds of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted valu~:United States, 1971-74
Educational level
Race and ageLess than 9 years 9-11 years 12 years 13 years or more
MeenStandard
MeanSiandard
MeanStandard Standard
deviation deviation deviation Meandeviation
White males Weight in pounds
30 176
29 16829 17930 17931 17927 17728 168
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
148176168172
31
24413032
169
165169172169
174161
30
303227263125
175
164177185182169167
29
253128253024
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 27
27163
Black males
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 35
263832324430
172
182166
42 170
53 16130 17044 19227 17827 15833 161
32
253234381523
185
168196181
173*213
159
55
21791917
*2120
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
146168169 164169 155
149171160 166
Age-adjusted values:White males, 18-74years . . , , . , . . . . . .
Black males,18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . .
166
163
169169
. . . 175,.. 171
175182
. . .
. . .. . .. . .
.,.
. . .
Table 18. Weight in pounds of females ages 18-74 yaars, by race, age, and educational level, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:
United States, 1971-74
Educationa/Ievei
RaceandageLess than 9 years 9-11 years 12 years 13 years or more
MeanStandard
MeerrStandard
MeanStandard Standard
deviation deviation deviationMean
deviation
White females Weight in pounds
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 33 143 31 141 30 137 28
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 29 128 22 134 29 13025-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22146 34 146 34 138 32 134
3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.27
152 40 149 32 144 31 14545-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38152 35 146 32 146 29 145
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
151 33 149 28 144 30 139 2565-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 28 144 30 141 28 141 25
Black females
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 46 160 45 147 32 145 29
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,, 141 40 145 43 132 25 13925-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34159 43 159 44 145 30 137
3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17025
47 173 43 156 3145-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
160 30176 42 174 54 170 37 147
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
172 55 158 34 169 29 *1 5465-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
*5158 36 144 36 153 39 164 21 .
Age-adjusted values:White females, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . 147 . . . 143 141 139Blackfemales, 18-74years . . . . , . . . . . .
. . . . . .161
. . .. . . 159 . . . 152 . . . 148 . . .
37
Table 19. Weight in pounds of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:United States, 1971-74
Urharrization status
Sex and ageUrbanized area Urban area Rural area
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
deviation deviation deviation
Both sexes
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weight in pounds
156 34 155 33 159 36
147 33 146 29 150 34156 36 155 36 161 42163 36 157 34 164 36162 33 161 33 162 35157 33 161 36 161 33152 29 153 2B 156 30
Males
lB-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 30 169 28 174 34
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 29 160 23 166 3325-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 31 170 30 183 413544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 31 175 31 17945-54Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2B176 29 172 27 176 31
55-64years . .,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 31 175 27 17265-74Veara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30162 25 166 26 166 30
Females
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 32 142 33 146 33
18-24Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 27 132 28 134 27
25-34Vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 32 142 35 141 3135-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 35 142 28 151 3B45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 30 149 34 151 3555-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 32 147 39 15165-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32144 30 145 27 149 29
Age-adjusted values:Both sexes, lB-74Vears ..,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 155 159Males, 18-74years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
172 170 174Females, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .142 . . . 143 . . . 145 . . .
38
Table 20, Wei@t in pounds of males ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:
United States, 1971-74
Urbanization status
Reca and ageUrbanized area Urban area Rural area
A&nStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
daviation deviation deviation
White males Weight in pounds
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 29 171 26 175 32
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 26 163 22 166 34
25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 30 174 28 182 36
3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 31 173 25 179 28
45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 28 173 26 176 30
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 30 176 27 173 29
65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 24 167 25 166 30
Black males
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 36 167 38 174 49
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 46 163 25 162 23
25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 31 146 26 192 80
3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 33 *2I 6 ●56 182 29
45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 28 166 30 178 38
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 40 +151 ●26 168 43
65-74years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 31 156 29 157 28
Age-adjusted valu=;White males, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 . . . 171 175
Blackmales, 18-74yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .17G . . . 167 . . . 175 . . .
Table 21. Weight in pounds of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and urbanization status, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:United States, 1971-74
Urbanization status
RaceandageLJrbanizad area Urban area Ruralarea
MeenStandard
MeanStandard
MaanStandard
deviation deviation deviation
White females
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . m. . . . . . . . . . .45.54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64years m. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black females
18-74yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35#years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age-adjusted values:White femalesr18-74 years . . . . . . . . . , . . . .Bleckfemales, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . , . , . .
140
130136145146145143
154
136152162160162155
140153
30
263034283128
38
323838373638
. . .,..
Weight in pounds
140 29
132 26142 36142 27144 29142 27144 26
162 51
139 39143 32158 33189 43225 84153 32
141 . . .163 . . .
145
134141
149149150148
159
141143178185163156
144159
32
26313732312B
44
393344494633
. . .
. . .
39
Table 22. Weight in pounds of adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and geographic region, maan, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:
United States, 1971-74
Geographic region
Sex and ageNortheast Midwest South West
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStandard
MeanStmdard
deviation deviation deviation daviation
Both sexes
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 years . . . . . . .. m...... . . . . . . . .35J14years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Males
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34years . . . . . . . . .. l . . . . . . . . . . . .3544yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...1..65-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Females
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-44years . . . . . . ..en... . . . . . . . . . .45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64years . . . . . .. n..... . . . . . . . . . .65-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Age-adjusted values:Both sexes,18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . .Males, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Femalas, 18-74yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weight in pounds
35 157
31 14841 156
35 165
30 1!5935 16131 152
156
146156162161156153
35
323937363129
160
150162163165164157
36
333838343630
155
146155160160156152
33
343435
333128
32
273928333227
175
163182179177175169
31 171
27 16536 173 .30 18026 17231 17228 162
31
313531302828
172
166174176176169164
29
322631272925
171
163174178176168162
146
135142148153151149
33 145
28 133
36 141
34 15229 14935 15130 145
34
273338334029
140
131138144146144143
30
27
3031322827
142
129138147149146145
31
262837332729
I 55172
140
156171142
160175146
,.. 157. . . 172. . . 145
.,.
. . .,..
. . .
.,.
.,.
. . .
. . .
.,,
40
Table 23. Weight in pounds of males agas 18-74 years, by race, age, and geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:
United States, 1971-74
Geographic region
Race and ageNortheast Midwest South West
MeanStandard
MeanS%nderd
MeanStandard Standard
deviation deviation deviation Meandeviation
White males Weight in pounds
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 30 176 31 172 30 172 28
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 27 165 26 166 29 16625-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30172 31 184 36 174 35 175
35-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.25
179 28 180 29 177 27 17745-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.
31176 34 178 26 174 29 176
55-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
168 30 175 31 172 26 168 2865-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 26 168 28 163 28 165 24
Black males
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16725-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2013544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16S45-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17355-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16865-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Age-adjusted values:
White males,18-74years . . . . . . , . . . . , 171Black males,16-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
55
229425224831
. . .
. . .
167
158169173164173177
170168
32
313236271835
. . .
. . .
170
164170193163168155
172170
37
353641333827
. . .
. . .
176
177171174182188157
172176
37
552422353823
. . .
. . .
Table 24. Weight in pounds of females ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and geographic region, mean, standard deviation, and age-adjusted values:United Stataa,1971-74
Geographic region
NortheastRaceandage
Midm?st south West
MeanStandard
M.wnStandard
MewsStano%rd
MaanStmderd
deviation deviation deviation deviation
White females
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12925-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13735-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14645-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14755-64years , %. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 14565-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Weight in pounds
30 145 33 141 30 139 29
26 134 27 131 23 131 2727 142 36 138 30 137 3036 148 34 149 36 142 2931 152 30 143 28 145 2926 149 35 147 32 144 2827 149 30 143 28 142 27
Black females
18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 40 1!3 33 159 45 153 40
18-24years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 28 149 37 140 36 132 2725-34years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 28 145 34 164 41 146 3635-44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 41 154 32 168 42 177 3345-54years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 48 157 24 176 41 161 5555-64years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 28 167 31 177 67 154 3565-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 47 155 39 152 33 159 27
Age-adjusted values:
Whitefemales, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . . 141 . . . 145 . . . 141 140 . . .BlackfemaIes, 18-74years . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .153 . . . 153 . . . 160 . . . 153 . . .
41
Appendixes
1.
II,
Illm
Statistical notes,.....,...,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m. .,.... 43
Surveydesign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Nonresponse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Missingdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Age adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Standard errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Data limitation and reliability,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Analytic methodolo~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Demographic, socioeconomic,and geographicterms . . . . . . . ..~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Sample size and estimated population tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
List of appendix tables
1. Sampling rates by age-sex groups: First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Il. Percent distribution of nonresponse adjustment factors: First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
111. Number of examinees with one or more missing anthropometric measurements: First National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IV. Standard error of the mean height of adults ages 18-74 years, byrace, sex, age, annual family income, and educational
level: United States, 1971-74 ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
v. Standard error of the mean height of adults ages 18-74 years, by race, sex, age, urbanization status, and geographic
region: United States,1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V1. Standard errorof the mean weight of adults ages 18-74 years, byrace, sex, age, annual family income, and educational
level: United Statesr 1971-74.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V1l. Standard error of the mean weight of adults ages 18-74 years, by race, sex, age, urbanization statusr andgeograplhic
region: United States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vlll. Sample size and estimated population for adults ages 18-74years, bysex, age, and annual family income: United States,
1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IX. Sample size and estimated population for adults ages 18-74 yearsrby race,sex, agerand annual family income: United
‘States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
x. Sample size and estimated population for adults ages 18-74 years, by race, sex, age, and educational level: United
States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..-..8..
Xl. Sample size and estimated population for adults ages 18-74 years, by race, sex, age, and urbanization status: United
States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X11. Sample size and estimated population for adults ages 18-74 years, by race, sex, age, and geographic region: United
States, 1971-74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...1-.
44
45
45
47
48
49
50
56
57
58
60
61
42
Appendix L Statistical notes
Survey design
The sampling plan of the fmt National Healthand Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I)followed a highly stratified multistage probabilitydesign in which a sample of the civilian noninstitu-tionalized population of the coterrninous UnitedStates, 1-74 years of age, was selected. Excluded fromthe selection process were those persons residing ininstitutions or residing on any of the reservation landsset aside for use by American Indians. Successiveelements dealt with, in the process of sampling, are theprimary sampling unit (PSU), census enumerationdistrict (ED), segment (a cluster of households)household, eligible person, and finally, sample person.
The starting points in the fust stage of this designwere the 1960 decennial census lists of addresses andthe nearly 1,900 PSU’S kto which the coterrninousUnited States was divided. Each PSU was either astandard metropolitan statistical area, a single county,or two or three contiguous counties. The PSU’S weregrouped into 357 strata for use in the National HealthInterview Survey and subsequently collapsed tito 40superstrata for NHANES L
Of the 40 superstrata, 15 contained a singe largemetropolitan area of more than 2 million population.These 15 large metropolitan areas were chosen for thesample with certainty. The remtig 25 superstratawere formed by classifying the noncertainty stratainto 4 population density groups within each of 4geographic regions. Then a modtiled Goodman-Kishcontrolled selection technique was used to select 2PSU’S from each of the 25 noncertainty superstratawith the probability of selection of a PSU propor-tionate to its 1960 population. In this manner, a totalfust-stage sample of 65 PSU’S or “stands” includedthe areas within which a sample of persons would beselected for examination. The PSU’S were scheduledto be sampled over a 3-year period with 300-600persons to be examined per stand.
The calendar of operations required that the 1960
census data be used for the fmt 44 locations in theNHANES I sample. The 1970 census data were usedfor the last 21 stands of the sample.
Beginning with the use of the 1970 census data,the segment size was changed from an expected 6households selected from compact clusters of 18households to an expected compact cluster of 8households. The change was made because of opera-tional advantages, and research by the Census Bureauindicated that precision of estimates would not beappreciably affected by the change from noncompactclusters to compact clusters.
For ED’s not having usable addresses (generallylocated in rural areas), area sampling was employedand consequently some variation in the segment sizeoccurred. To make the sample representative of thecurrent population of the United States, the addressor ED segments were supplemented by a sample ofhousing units that had been constructed since the1960 and 1970 decennial censuses.
Within each PSU, a systematic sample of segmentswas selected. The ED’s that fell into the sample werecoded into one of two economic classes. The fmtclass, identified as the “poverty stratum,” was com-posed of “Current Poverty Areas” that had beenidentified by the Bureau of the Census in 1970(pre-1970 census), plus other ED’s in the PSU with amean family income of less than $3,000 in 1959(based on the 1960 census). The second economicclass, the “nonpoverty stratum,” included all ED’snot designated as belonging to the poverty stratum.
All sample segments classified as being in thepoverty stratum were retained in the sample. For thef~st 42 stands, sample segments in nonpovertystratum ED’s were divided into 8 random subgroupsand one of the subgroups was chosen to remain in theNHANES I sample. Research indicated that efficiencyof estimates could be increased by changing the ratioof poverty to nonpoverty segments from 8:1 to 2:1.Therefore in the later stands, the selected segments inthe nonpoverty-stratum ED’s were divided into two
43
random subgroups and one of the subgroups waschosen to remain in the NHANES I sample. Thedifferential sampling does permit a separate analysiswith adequate reliability of those classified as beingbelow the poverty level and those classified as beingabove the poverty level,
After identification of the sample segments, a listof all current addresses within the segment bound-aries was made, and the households were interviewedto determine the age and sex of each householdmember as well as other demographic and socio-economic information required for the survey. If noone was at home after repeated calls or if thehousehold members refused to be interviewed, theinterviewer tried to determine the household com-position from neighbors.
To select the persons in sample segments to beexamined in NHANES I and at the same time tooversimple certain groups at high risk of malnu-trition, all household members ages 1-74 years in eachsegment were first listed on a sample selectionworksheet with each household in the segment listedserially. The number of household members in eachof the six age-sex groups shown h table I were thenlisted on the worksheet under the appropriate age-sexgroup column. The sample selection worksheets werenext put in segment-number order and a systematicrandom sample of persons in each age-sex group wasselected to be examined using the samphng ratesshown in table I.
The persons selected in the 65-stand sample ofNHANES I comprised a representative sample of thetarget population and included 28,043 samplepersons ages 1-74 years, of whom 20,749, or 74percent, were examined. When adjustments weremade for the differential sampling of high-risk groups,the response rate was 75 percent.
All data presented in this report are based on“weighted” observations. That is, data recorded foreach person are inflated to characterize the subuni-verse from which that sample person was drawn. Theweight for each examined person is a product of thereciprocal of the probability of selecting the person,an adjustment for nonresponse cases (i.e., persons notexamined), and a poststratified ratio adjustment thatincreases precision by bringing survey results intocloser alignment with official U.S. population figuresfor 20 age, race, and sex groups as of November 1,1972, the approximate midpoint of NHANES I.
A more detailed description of the survey designand selection technique can be found elsewhere. 3
Nonresponse
In any health examination survey, after thesample is identified and the sample persons are
NOTE: A list of references follows the text.
Table 1. Sampling rates by age-sex groups: First National Health andNutrition Examination Survey, 1971-74
Ageandsex Rate
l-5years (males and females) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/26-19years (males and females) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %2044years (males).......,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %20-44 years (females) ., ...,,.,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . q%45-64 years (males and females) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %65-74 years (males and females) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
requested to participate in the examination, thesurvey meets one of its more severe problems, namelythat of nonresponse. Usually a sizable number ofsample persons will not participate in the examina-tion. A potential for bias exists if the sample personswho do not participate differ from thle samplepersons who do participate, with respect to thecharacteristics under examination. Intensive effortswere made in NHANES I to develop and implementprocedures and inducements that would reduce thenumber of nonrespondents and thereby reduce thepotential of bias due to nonresponse. Tlhese pro-cedures and inducements are discussed elsewhere. 3
Despite intensive efforts, 26 percent of thesample persons from the 65-stand nutrition sampleand 30 percent of the sample persons from the100-stand detailed sample were not examined. Con-sequently, the potential for a sizable bias does exist inthe estimates ti this publication. From what is knownabout the nonrespondents and the nature of nonre-sponse, it is believed that the likelihood of sizablebias is small.
Efforts have been made using data from IYHANESI and from an earlier survey to examine possiblehealth-related differences between examined and non-exarnined persons. An investigation of reasons fornonparticipation in NHANES I was doneg for asample of 325 persons (209 examined persons, 35who had made appointments for the examination butwho never came to the mobile examination center,and 81 persons who refused to participate in thesurvey). The sample persons for this study came fromfour stand locations: St. Louis, Monterey, New York,and Philadelphia. People in the study were asked toindicate why they did not choose to be examined inNHANES I. The primary reasons given were that theyhad no need for a physical examination (48 percent),and that the examination times were inccmvenientbecause of work schedules or other demands (15percent). Only 6 percent of those persons notexamined in NHANES I indicated that they refusedthe examination because of sickness, and 3 percentbased their refusal on a fear of possible findings.
An analysis of data on examined amd non-examined (but interviewed) persons was cclnducted,using data from the first 35 stands of NHANIES I. 10 Itwas found that the two groups were quite similar
44
with respect to the health characteristics that werebeing compared. For example, 20 percent of theexamined persons reported that a doctor had toldthem they had arthritis, compared with 17 percent ofthe unexamined persons. Similarly, 18 percent ofboth the examined and the nonexamined personswere told by a doctor that they had high bloodpressure; 12 percent of both groups reported thatthey were on a special diet; and 6 percent of bothgroups said they regularly used medication for nerves.
In another study,l 1 factors relating to response inCycle I of the Health Examination Survey wereinvestigated. It was found that 36 percent of theunexamined persons in that survey viewed themselvesas being in excellent health, compared with 31percent of the examined persons. A self-appraisal ofbeing in poor health was made by 5 percent of thenonexamined persons and by 6 percent of those whowere examined. In a different study of the Cycle Idatal 2 comparisons between two extreme groups,those who participated in the survey with no per-suasion effort and those who participated only after agreat deal of persuasion effort, indicated that dif-ferences between the two groups generally had littleeffect on estimates based on numerous selectedexamination and questionnaire items. This was inter-preted as evidence that no large bias exists betweenthe two groups for the items investigated and wasoffered as further support for the belief that there islittle bias introduced to the findings because ofdifferences in health characteristics between ex-amined and nonexamined persons.
As mentioned emlier, the data in this report werebased on weighted observations, and one of thecomponents of the weight assigned to an examinedperson was an adjustment for nonresponse. A pro-cedure was adopted that multiplied the reciprocal ofthe probability of selection of sample persons whowere examined by a factor that brought estimatesbased on examined persons up to a level that wouldhave been achieved if all sample persons had beenexamined. The nonresponse-adjustment factor wascalculated by dividing the sum of the reciprocals ofthe probability of selection for all selected samplepersons in each of five income groups within eachstand by the sum of the reciprocals of the probabilityof selection for examined sample persons in the samestand and income group. The five income groupswere: under $3,000; $3,000-$6,999; $7,000-$9,999;$10,000-$ 14,999; and $15,000 and over. For sampleweighting purposes, the income group was imputedfor 5.6 percent of the sample persons using educa-tional level of the head of the household. To theextent that the income-within-stand classes werehomogeneous with respect to the health character-
istics under study, the adjustment procedure waseffective in reducing the possible bias due to non-response. The percent distribution of the nonresponseadjustment factors computed for the 65-stand sampleof NHANES I is shown in table 11.
Missing data
Examination surveys are subject to the loss ofinformation not only through the failure to examineall sample persons but also from the failure to obtainand record all items of information for examinedpersons. Age, sex, and race were known for everyexamined person, but for a number of examinees oneor more of the anthropometric measurements was notavailable. The extent of these missing measurementsis indicated in table III.
Estimates for missing anthropometnc data weregenerally made subjectively on the basis of a multiple-regression type decision, substituting for the missingmeasurements those of an individual who was of thesame age, sex, and race and who had other dimen-sions simdar to those available for the examinee withincomplete data.
For those with no anthropometric measurementsavailable, a respondent of the same age-sex-race groupwas selected at random and his or her measurementswere assigned to the nonexamined person.
Table II. Percent distribution of nonrasponw ❑djustment factors: FirstNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 1971-74
Sizeof factorPetcent
distribution
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0
1,00 -1.24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.61.25-1 .49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.51.50 -1.74 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.21.75 -1.98 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.42.00 -2.49 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.82.50 -2.99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3
3.00’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3
‘ A size of 3.00 wm assi~ed for ❑ll factors -eater thnn 3.00. The finalpoststratlfled rntlo adjustment correcm for this truncation.
Table IIl. Number of examineas with ona or more missing anthro-pometric measummens: National Health and Nutrition Examina-tion Survay, 1971-74
Measurement missingNumber ofexaminaaa
Allmeasuraments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NOTE: A list of references follows the text.
Haightonly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Weight only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Hai@tand waist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
45
Age adjustment
The age-adjusted mean values were calculated bythe direct method. The values were adjusted to theage distribution of the U.S. civilian noninstitu-tionalized population at the midpoint of theNHANES 1.13
Standard errors
The probability design of this survey determinesthe estimation of standard errors that correspond tothe weighted estimates. The NHANES I samplingdesign was a highly clustered, multistage probabilitysample of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized popu-lation. The reader should be aware that estimatesfrom this type of design are different from andgenerally larger than standard errors calculated underthe assumption of simple random sampling.
The standard error is primarily a measure ofsampling variability, that is, the variations that mightOCCLU-by chance because only a sample of thepopulation is surveyed. As calculated for this report,the standard error also reflects part of the variationthat arises in the measurement process. Estimates ofany biases that might lie in the data are not included.The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimatefrom the sample would differ from a complete censusby less than the standard error. The chances are about95 out of 100 that the difference would be less thantwice the standard error and about 99 out of 100 thatit would be less than 2Y2 times as large.
Estimates of the standard errors of the meansused in this report are presented in tables IV-VII. Thestandard errors of the difference between two meansare not presented. These standard errors of thedifferences (assuming an underlying normal distribu-tion) can be calculated in the following way,
Let SX ~ and SX ~ be the standard errors of the
means ~1 and ~z, respectively, from two inde-pendent populatio~s.
Letd=~l –X2.Then the standard error of the difference S~ can
be calculated as follows:
These estimates have been prepared by a replica-tion technique that yields overall variability throughobservation of variability among random subsamplesof the total sample. The estimated standard errors donot reflect any residual bias that might still be presentafter the attempted correction for nonresponse. Theneed for the balanced repeated replication techniquefor estimating standard errors arises because of thecomplexity of NHANES I sample survey design,which makes it inappropriate to calculate them by a
technique that does not take into consideration acomplex sample design. It must be noted that theestimates of standard errors are themselves subject toemors that may be large if the number of cases uponwhich they are based is small.
Data limitation and reliability
The criteria for reliability of means consisted ofthe following: (1) that a sample size be at least fivepersons, and (2) that the estimated coefficient ofvariation (i.e., the Qandard error of the mean dividedby the mean (SX/X) be less than 25 percent. Thus ifthe sample size was too small or if the variationregarding the mean was too large, an asterisk is placednext to the value on the table. This estimate isconsidered neither precise nor stable enough to meetreliability standards. However, the values alre shownto give an impression of the observed distribution andto permit users to combine data into useful cate-gories.
Analytic methodology
The mean height and weight by selected socio-economic and geographic variables were tested forstatistically significant differences for males andfemales ages 18-74 years. For the socioeconomicvariables, annual family income and educational levelwere used, and comparisons were made for each sexbetween the variables’ lowest and highest levels. Forannual family income, the 10west level was “under$4,000” and the highest level was “$ 15,000 andover”; for education, the lowest level was “less than 9years” and the highest was “ 13 years or more.” Thegeographic vtiables included a comparison of themean height and weight values for males and femalesliving in urbanized and rural areas and. in theNortheast and South regions. All mean values wereindividually compared for males and females ages18-74 years for the following six age categories:18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, and 65-’74 years.
The following approach developed by Koch,Freeman, and Freemanlq and Freeman, Freeman,Brock, and Koch,15 was taken:
Let
be a vector ~f 12 elements, ~ij, i = 1, “ “ ., 6, and j =1, 2, where Y is the observed mean height or weight, iis the index for the age categories, and j is the indexfor the levels of the socioeconomic (or geographic)variables)> As an illustration using ann~a~ familyincome, Y,, is the observed mean of the first agecategory and the lowest income level. Thus in general,~ij is the observed mean height or weight of the jth
NOTE: A list of references follows the text.
46
Table IV. .%andard error of the mean height of adults aWs 18-74 years, by race, sex, ega, annual family income, and educational level: United .5raIea, 1971-74
Annual family income Educarionai level
Race, sex, and ageUnder $4,GiW ~~~ $10,OOG $15,000 Lessthan 9-11 12 13 years
$4.000 $6,999 , $14.999 and over 9 veal-s yews years or more
ALL RACES, ❑OTH SEXES
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Males
lE74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3544vear5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 yean, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Females
18-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 veam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WHITE
Malas
18-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3!E44years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4554years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64’fear5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6574years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Females
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-14 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK
Males
lB-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74 veErs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Females
18-74 yOars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35-14 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74 veaK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.14
0.250.37
0.410.400.220.13
0.14
0.28
0.590.620.410.300.14
0.11
0.250.24
0.230.40
0.190.12
0.17
0.31
0.520.600.650.320.19
0.12
0.270.340.320.490.220.14
0.33
0.491.841.260.470.840.29
0.15
0.3B0.330.290.44
0.400.19
0.13
0.360.23
0.350.300.370.10
0.20
0.540.41
0.490.250.420.15
0.10
0.200.160.27
0.330.270.14
0.22
0.590.47
0.540.320.480.16
0.12
0.240.170.350.370.280.15
0.3s
0.080.551.080.460.B20.40
0.20
0.350.380.380.78
0.620.40
0.09
0.20
0.180.220.23
0.200.14
0.10
0.270.24
0.320.230.220.19
0.08
0.120.130.160.23
0.290.16
0.06
0.29
0.250.330.270.240.19
0.08
0.120.140.1 B0.240.290.17
0.30
1.11
0.670.590.441.400.61
0.18
0.550.320.460.480.280.51
Standard error in inches
0.08
0.170.20
0.180.200.360.26
0.12
0.26
0.200.21
0.220.260.26
0.09
0.160.16
0.140.220.3B0.32
0.12
0.30
0.220.220.220.260.26
0.10
0.160.16
0.150.230.38
‘ 0.32
0.47
1.070.90
0.751.00
11.23
0.87
0.23
0.500.590.440.91
“32.2214.10
0.09
0.260.21
0.200.230.380.26
0.10
0.230.220.25
0.230.330.23
0.10
0.230.19
0.140.210.300.21
0.10
0.25
0.240.240.230.350.23
0.10
0.240.200.130.220.300.21
0.38
1.30
0.740.860.621.26
“16.32
0.58
10.19
0.990.90
14.56
●2B.92“30.64
0.13
0.3B0.42
0.320.220.180.09
0.12
0.67
0.520.360.180.170.10
0.11
0.280.220.260.240.17
0.11
0.14
1.02
0.500.360.210.210.11
0.13
0.360.210.290.310.190.13
0.26
0.731.690.940.260.450.22
0.21
0.450.540.550.380.46
0.17
0.030.240.20
0.210.20
0.330.20
0.11
0.280.32
0.380.230.240.28
0.10
0.210.160.160.200.300.16
0.12
0.32
0.370.360.240.260.29
0.11
0.270.200.170.230.310.16
0.31
0.480.690,830.660.700.62
0.16
0.200.260.360.590.690.60
0.08
0.160.130.130.19
0.220.17
0.11
0.270.1 B
0.210.220.360.20
0.06
0.120.060.110.160.150.19
0.11
0.270.19
0.220.210.370.21
0.06
0.120.600.110.100.150.20
0.43
0.760,570.650.751.401.10
0.21
0.390.29
0.360.761.290.70
0.09
0.170.19
0.130.250.370.18
0.09
0.21
0.200.19
0.260.300.24
0.10
0.130.160.170.340.350.18
0,10
0.22
0.230.19
0.260.310.24
0.10
0.160.170.180.340.36
0.17
0.28
0.70
0.570.941.20
‘18.74
0.46
0.36
0.470.610.361.25
14.200.74
47
Table V. Standard error of themean hei@tof adults ages 18.74years, byrace, sex, age, urbanization status, andgeographlc region: United States, 1971.74
Urbanization status Geographic region
Race, sex, and ageUrbanized Urban Rural
Northeastarea
Midwest South Westarea area
55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6E-74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WHITE
Males
16-74 years............,.. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ,,.18-24 years............,,. . . . . . . . . . . . . .’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. j.......3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Females
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 vmrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544 year n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4554’@ ads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64 year5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK
Males
18-74 years.....”...,....”.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35-44 years ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45-54 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Females
78-74 yearn.........,.,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l&24yeaE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3644vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4E+4y ears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.08
0.130.120.150.130.200.09
0.11
0.210.160.180.210.250.12
0.07
0.100.120.120.14
0.160.12
0.11
0.220.180.19
0.210.290.13
0.07
0.11
0.130.120.170.160.13
0.19
0.530.42
0,380.39
0,40
0.22
0.13
0.200.22
0.260.450.310.24
0.12
0,250.210.250.290.450.18
0.14
0.250.310.470.360.450.22
0.12
0.290.160.210.27
0.380.16
0.14
0.30
0.360.360,440,46
0.25
0.12
0.290.150.18
0.330.400.16
1.02
1.961.09
“24.40
0.68
*23,99
0,56
0.42
0.84
0.65
0.400.931.05
0.50
Standard error in inches
0.080,170.160.140.1 a0.190.11
0.09
0.340.190.160.210.180.12
0.06
0.160.120.150.13
0.170.15
0.10
0.360,210,18
0.220.180.14
0.05
0.180.13
0.160.150.17
0.17
0.33
0.780.960.85
0.380.43
0,42
0.16
0.26
0.31
0.360.600.430.28
0.10
0.120.160.320.250.290.12
0.09
0.18
0.250.270.250.340.16
0.O6
0,150,130,15
0,23
0.160.16
0.10
0.230.260.26
0.260.440.19
0,06
0.180,120,140.270,20
0.16
0.31
0.700.53
1.25
0.500.76
0.27
0,20
0.320,31
0.510.590.760.47
0.07
0.150.11
0.170.130.340.14
0,06
0.250.080.330.160.360.15
0.07
0.160.080.13
0.16
0.320.20
0.07
0,230,150,330,17
0.360.16
0.08
0.180.090.140.190.34
0.21
0.30
1.130.750,94
0,37
0.76
0.41
0.17
0.57
0.30
0.620.940.250.50
0.08
0,130.270.190.210.270.10
0.10
0.360.300.220:260.220.14
0.106
0,17
0.180.180.13
0.120.10
0.’13
0.44
0.:360.’140.30
0:220.’16
0S16
0.300.’160.:21
0.”140,’13
0.’11
r3.~2
0.690.;190.;71
0.31
0.:14o;~7
0.117
0.30
0.:19
0.110.090.<}00.:!3
0.16
0.280.210.310.200.220,16
0.25
0.54
0.310.230.380.340.17
0.12
0.130.200.23
0,25
0.190.18
0.25
0.560.320.250.39
0.360.15
0.12
0.140.210.210.270.18
0.18
0.41
0.680.61
0.77
0.950.58
0.46
0.18
0.73,0.50
0.420.750.320.60
Table VI. Standard error of themean wightof adults aSs18-74years, bvrace, sex, age, annual family income, and educational level: Unitad States. 1971-74
Annual family income Educational level
Race, sex, and ageUnder $4,000- $7,000- $10,000- $15,000 Less than 9-11 12 13 years
$.#,ow $6,999 $9,999 $14,999 and Over 9 years years years or more
ALL RACES, BOTH SEXES
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.
Males
lB-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lB-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -.
65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Females
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544year5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WHITE
Males
lB-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-S4vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Females
18-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5564years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -.
65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -.
BLACK
Males
18-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 v-rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 vear5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..55-64 years . . . . . . . . . ...!... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
65-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Females
18-74 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 veara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..45-54 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.88
1.652.764.19
3.172.691.46
1.32
2.754.26
8.OB4.454.54
1.95
1.17
1.933.53
3.865.133.971.52
1.72
2.492.73
10.065.784.87
2.42
1.28
2.513.736.416.273.84
1.57
4.96
9.94
13.0516.60
9.40
10.392.63
2.60
2.94
6.935.158.60
11.753.71
0.98
2.702.BO3.111.97
2.521.22
1.72
4.29
5.764.333.73
3.681.21
1.052.152.91
3.452.732.661.96
2.02
5.216.294.334.06
3.621.42
1,19
2.292.853.362.52
2.80
2.06
4.24
3.8314.6313.68
7.0622.08
6.21
2.73
7.257.43
6.349.909.198.06
0.84
1.582.021.942.231.831.60
1.17
3.032.602.952.67
2.921.78
1.09
1.522.212.42
2.83
2.832.40
1.22
3.082.933.252.852.951 .a3
1.14
1.682.493.082.41
2.91
2.32
2.87
11.27
3.586.69
6.3617.23
0.04
3.98
5.425.996.15
18.6310.2112.16
Standard error in pounds
0s3
1.471.941,771.88
3.052.23
1.12
2.612.912.571.87
2.77
2.75
1.091.221.091.63
2.984.022.91
1,17
2.783.122.451.862.792.65
1.12
1.271.131.762.994.08
3.10
4.48
6.739.62
20.646.98
36.0219.03
3.33
6.404.50
7.0816.73
●99.66“38.76
0.79
2.422.251.71
2.242.82
2.21
1.06
2.913.912.411.9.3
3.30
2.24
1.18
2.221.63
1.39
2.784.583.30
0.94
3.182.652.462.103.422.28
1.24
2.161.841.422.874.69
3.32
14.67
13.06
43.72
9.917.46
13.45●44.23
5.19
25.989.77
17.9934.0s
“66.61“78.02
0.74
2.784.15
2.301.821.751,08
1.23
4.607.552.982.232.041.18
1.10
3.973.543.48
3.462.951.41
1.19
7.308.153.B82.512.261.52
1.17
4.47
3.753.864.51
3.21
1.42
3.83
6.1016.11
4.556.058.85
2.42
2.18
10.2910.53
5.475.028.58
0.90
2.721.9a1.902.542.28
1.45
1.41
3.703.493.692.673,43
2.45
1.09
1.772.39
2.303.683.221.84
1.34
3.714.73
3.402.913.562.50
1.16
1.672.712.253.673.45
1.92
5.45
13.55
3.67
16.785.63
12.3713.32
3.24
7.95
6.235.49
11.4710.57
7.97
0.75
0.991.601,331.58
1.971.58
1.06
2.242.092.542.423.20
1.82
0.73
1.211.40
1.50
2.011.651.91
1.12
2.652.192.472.573.191.82
0.82
1.311.611.521.96
1.65
1.85
3.47
4.127.28
9.5712.3418.8715.53
3.01
4.37
2.71
6.0418.1317.7415.34
0.90
1.431.831.922.342.57
1.82
1.05
1.752.53
1.902.343.322.18
0.90
1.251.43
2.99
2.933.527.77
1.06
1.711.B61.97
2.483.502.13
0.97
1.281.433.273.103.68
1.75
12.00
4.99
27.7110.99
9.54
“61 .278.14
2.35
4.605.695.637.03
34,545.863.69
Tabla V1l. SmnWrderror ofthamMn wi@I'oftiuIU ~lB.74ymn, ~r~e, wx, ~,urtinization sutuj, and~r~hic~ion: United States, 1971-74
Urlamizarion status Geographic region
Ram, sax. and agaUrlaani2ad Urban Rurel
Northeast Midwest South●m ●rea
Westarea
ALL31ACES, BOTH SEXES
78-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 years, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2534yems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544v0ars, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 yOars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-B4years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 year fi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Males
16-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16-24 years......,..,...,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 vws. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544 Vebwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-wyears ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65-74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Femalm
la.74~ws.,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lB-24yearc, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4564y0arl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64 years ., !....., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65-74 yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WHITE
Males
lB.74years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lB-24yeers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25.34 vOars. h i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45.54 yOars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55a4vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6S-74VWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Females
lB-74wers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i 6.24 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ,,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35=14 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5564vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S574yaars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...8..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK
Malas
76.74 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l&24vmra. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25-34 vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35474 )wms....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 yeera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .s5-74yams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Famalas
la-74 yeara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18-24 ~ears, ,,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25-34 Veers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3544 years . . . . . . . . . . . ...!... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55-64 yws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S 8 . . . . . . . . . . . .S5-74vears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 . ., . . . . . . . . .
0.61
1.OB0.661.611.231.411.13
0.60
1.641.53
2.191.542.031,41
0.75
1,011.431.711,631 all
1.57
1.04
2.011.74
2.491.60
2.561.47
0.s5
l.la
1.731.661.7a
2.111 .s6
1.98
7.23
3.813.663.540.063.41
1M
2,al4.103.826.393.934.ae
0.03
1.431.972.312.723.731.39
1.45
2.273.944,242.703.721.69
1.04
1S91.952,404.605.671.62
1.3a
1.973.613.332.793.432.17
1.22
2.042,272,462,3a3,4a1.77
6.17
7.3615.72
“64.199.26
156.065.74
a.ao
14.634,4a6.73
la.ol%6.20
11s2
Standard error in pounds
0.691.57
2.170S41.66
1,701,54
1.27
3.503.452.012.542.421.44
o.9a
1.141.421.432.la
2.461.85
1.19
3.962.72
2.oa2,7a
2.6a1 ,al
1.001.351.591.612.142.351 .a2
a.67
4.9135.13
a,150.56
12.655.11
2.62
2.663.4a9.06
12.60B.asall
0.74
1.592.032.722.322.251.43
1.17
2.6B3.aa3.402.542.7a2.13
o,a2
1.441.253.253.461.952.07
1.42
2.BO3.233!662.613.192.14
0.95
1 .4a1.263.662912.132.03
12.46
5.9537.29
5.313.37
19.855.40
4.14
6.442,574.a6
16.564.26
12,41
0.75
1.211.501.911.531.741.63
1.19
2,202.312.631.702.221.90
1.10
0.942.121.772.002.442.00
1.24
2.442.512.44~.7a2.232.29
1,25
1,242.332.1 B1.633.072.01
3.55
7.ao6.a8B.936.34
11.120.63
3.15
S.735.525.609.277.617.40
o,az
1.472.la1.4s2.122.251.B7
1.36
3.592.742.’403.1312.!421 ;39
1.07
1.:361 .{542.:312.312.i3a2.50
1.111
4.622.[153.033.YB3:!01.02
1.39
2.042.722.ila2.:102.E16zfia
2.~16
5375.s!s6.9I75.6i77.733.a17
2.42
3.9aS,glz
6,274,77
15.163 .!5B
0.62
1.961.641 .az2,071.291.41
1.28
4.492.322.a91.923.291.76
1.05
1.531.071.163.262.411.54
1.45
5.022na73.062.153,001.66
1.12
1.681.571.213.242.401.62
4.32
16.875.599.90
11.33I 5.a7
3.65
4.02
5.026.7B4.4a
14.a67.2a5.a2
subgroup of each socioeconomic (or geographic)variable within the ith age category.
Assume that the effect of age and socioeconomic(or geographic) variables on mean height or weight,~ij, can be expressed as linear combinations ofunknown parameters /$, PZ, “ 4 ‘ , &~ plus errorterms el, e2, ● ● ● , elz, that is,
~ij = ~~, & + Xkz P2+ ■ . *+xk12&2+ek (2)
k=l, ””” ,12.
Equivalently, in matrix notation,
Y =X~+e,
where
[
x xl 2 ““” X1, lx;: X22 ““”X211X3 1 X3 .2 ““”x~,lx 41 X42 ●.*X411
.x= :: .
12x 12 . . .
—
X1,2
1
X212X372
’412...
1X9, X9 2 ““” X9,, *12xl~l x,~z”””xloll
1
1012xl, , X,,2 ““”X1111 X1112X121 X,22 ““*X1211 X1212
is called the design matrix,
p’=(pl, . . , /312),e’ =’(e,, D● ● ,e12).
(3)
The parameter /3’ is a vector of unknown con-stants, and e’ is a random vanable with an asymptoticmultivariate normal distribution.
In some of the cases under consid~rationL apreliminary examination showed that the Yil – Yi2differences between subgroups within age categoriesgenerally increased with age, reached a maximum,and then generally decrease d, thus indicating apossible interaction of age with socioeconomic (orgeowaphic) variables.
To account for the presence of interaction ofvariables, the following design matrix was proposed:
x=12x 12
ilooooloooo~110000000000101000010000101000000000100100001000100100000000100010000100100010000000100001000010100001000000100000000001100000000000
The f~st column, containing twelve 1‘s, represents abaseline figure for the second subgroup under con-sideration in the last age category. The next fivecolumns represent age effects, and the last sixcolumns represent socioeconomic (or geo~aphic)effects within age.
Further assume that
E(e’) = [E(el), ● “ “ ,Me12)l = (Oy“ - “ 30,
or, equivalently,
E@)= X/3, lX’Xl#Oandl Jl#o (4)
where V is a valid and consistent estimate for thepopulation variance-covtiance matrixl 4‘20 V.,wh-ere VP is defined as
[
2—q: Ul~ “ “ “ ‘ln
U;l i+”” U2;
Vp= ■ “.
nXnm . .
. . .
on: on; “ “ “ 0:
and it is the population variance-covariance matrix ofy,when o: is the variance of ~i, and u; is the covatianceOf~j, ~j), i #j.
The variance of the random variable ~i is ameasure of the extent to which ~i is dispersed aboutits mean and is estimated by the balanced half-samplereplication method, which reflects the sampling de-sign.18
The covariance u; of ~i and ~j (Z# ~) is a measureof the extent to which ~i and ~j vary together and is afunction of the units of the measurement. It too isestimated by the balanced half-sample replicationmethod. A discussion of the importance of theestimation of the full covariance matrix is given byFreeman and Brock.z 0 Following Koch et al.,14estimates bi of parameters pi are calculated by weight-ed least square as follows:
b=(x’v–l x)-l X’v–ly (5)
b’=(bl, bz, ”””, blz)
Var(b)= (x’ v–1 x)– ‘ (6)
When the model parameters have been estimated,one has
;.xb (7)
NOTE: Alistof references follows the text.
51
_.. .Y11~Y 12*Y21fi
Y22~
Y314
Y32~Y41*Y42
?5 ,&Y52*
‘61
?62
iloooolooood110000000000101000010000101000000000100100001000100100000000100010000100100010000000100001000010100001000000100000000001100000000000
“b,
b2
b3
b4
b5
b6
b7
b~
b9
b,
b,
b,
where the estimates ~ij in (7) can reexpressed as:
?11=b1+b2+b7&Y,2=b1+b2&Y21 =b1+b3+bB
.
.
.
f61=b1+b12*Y62 = b,
Hencebl, ● ● ● , b6 represent the weighted leastsquares estimates of the age effects, and b7, ● 9 ● ,b, z represent the weighted least squares estimates ofthe differences of socioeconomic (or geographk)effects within each age category, J
In general, after themodel parameters have beenestimated, the goodness of fit of the model is testedusing the Wald statistics
QE=(y-Xb)’ V-l(y-Xb). (8)
If subgroups under consideration are sufficientlylarge, the ~ij is assumed to be approximately normal-ly distributed by the central limit theorem since V isa valid and consistent estimate of the populationvariance-covariance matrix VP.
NOTE: A list of references follows the text.
52
The statistic QE has approximately a X2 distribu-tion with degrees of freedom equal to the number ofrows minus the number of columns of the designmatrix X. If QE is nonsignificant, the model isassumed to tit.
However, in this case X is a square matrix; thenumber of rows equals the number of columns,Therefore, QE is zero (degenerate), One then exam-ines the total variation statistic
Q~=y’ V-l y, (9)
which, as a consequence of the central limit theorem,has a X2 distribution with degrees of freedom equalto the number of rows, since the y’ ih tlhe totalvariation statistic was not corrected for the mean.Otherwise, the degrees of freedom would be equal tothe number of rows minus 1, or 11 in this case. If they’ values in QT are not corrected for the mean, thenwhat Q~ tests is that all the means are simultaneouslyequal to zero, which is usually of little interest.Hence, Q~ is usually huge, and the hypothesis willgenerally be rejected.
If the Q~ statistic is significant with respect to axz distribution, this indicates that differences in themean values are not due to chance, and it is ofinterest to determine for which subgroup the differ-ences exist, This is done through the construction ofcontrast matrices, C, and testing hypothesis of theform C/3= 0.16
The statistics used to test such a hypothesis havethe form
QC= b’C’[C(X’VL lX)- 1C’]-l Cb (lo)
The statistics have an approximate X2 distributionwith degrees of freedom equal to the number of rowsof C when Ho is true.
Unless there exists an a priori, substantive reasonfor leaving the interaction term out of the model,(i.e., the difference of socioeconomic (or geolg-aphic)effects across age categories), one must test for aninteraction effect. The hypothesis is
Ho: P7–#~=o, ”””, P7–69, ”””j (11)
/37 –1312 ‘o,
with the appropriate contrast matrix as
[
0000001–1 o 0 0 F0000001 o–1 o 0 0
&2 0000001 0 o–1 o 00000001 0 0 0–”1 o0000001 0 0 0 0-1
If (11) is not rejected, the conclusion would be thatthe differences between the subgtoups of socioeco-nomic (or geographic) variables are generally the same>.
for each age group. It is then appropriate to test forequality of means between the subgroups of socio-economic (or geographic) variables; that is,
Ho:~I,=p12?9-”,p6J=~62
where I+j is the mean height (or weight) for the @Isubgroup o of the ith age category. Noting that it canbe shown that
it can be shown that Ha is equivalent to the followinghypothesis:
and the contrast matrix used to test this hypothesis is
[
oooooo1oooo6-000000010000000000001000
6CX;2000000000100000000000010000000000001
If QCis found to be statistically significant, that isnot W ~il = I.+~, then it is of interest to test forspecific age categories where significance occurred,that is, hypotheses of the form pi = O where i = 7, ● ●
● , 12.The contrast matrix for the hypothesis /37 = O is
G2(OOOO0 0100000).
In this analysis, a model has been produced thatcompletely saturates the variation in the y space.However, the ultimate objective of such an analysis isthe development of a parsimonious model that fitsthe data and adequately represents the variationdisplayed by the data.
If other models were reduced from the oneherein, the conclusions drawn on the basis of theother models would be similar to those obtained fromthe original model. The reduced model is simply amore concise and easily recognized representation ofthe variation that is actually shown by the data.
53
Appendix Il. Demographic,socioeconomic, andgeographic terms
Age.–The age recorded for each examinee wasthe age at last birthday prior to the examination date.The age criterion used in the survey was defined asthe examinee’s age at time of the census interview.Twenty persons who were 74 years old at the time ofthe interview became 75 years old during the time ofthe examination. In the adjustment and weightingprocedures used. to produce national estimates, thesepersons were included in the 74-year-old group.
Race. –For each individual, the observed race wasrecorded as “white,” “black,” or “other races. ” Thelast category included American Indians, Chinese,Japanese, and all races other than white or black.Mexican persons were included with white. Blackpersons and persons of mixed black and otherparentage were recorded as “black.”
Geographic region. –The 48 contiguous States andthe District of Columbia (excluding Alaska andHawaii) were stratified into four broad geographicregions, each of about the same population size. In afew instances the actual boundaries of the region didnot follow State lines. Some strata in the Midwestand South include primary sampling units (PSU’S)located in the West. Similarly, some strata in the Westcontain PSU’S located in the Midwest and South.These were included in those specific regions. Thecompositions were as follows:
Region States included
Northeast , . , . . . . Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont,Massachusetts, Connecticut, RhodeIslandr New York, New Jersey,Pennsylvania
Midwest ...,,... Ohior Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wis-
consin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri
South .,....... Delaware, Mar@and, Virginia, WestVirginia, Kentucky, Arkansas, Ten-nassee, North Carolina, South Caro-lina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mis-
sissippi, Louisiana, District ofColumbia
Region States included—
West, ...,..... Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana,
Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Ne’wada,
California, Arizona, New Mexico,Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska,South Dakota, North Dakota
Annual family income. –The income recorcied wasthe total income received during the 12 months priorto the interview by the head of the household and allother related household members. This income wasconsidered the .goss cash family income (excludingpay in kind) except for those families owning farmsor businesses; for them, the net income was recorded.Furthermore, the income of a member of the ArmedForces living at home with his family (even thcmgh hewas not considered a household member) ‘was in-cluded. If he was not living at home, allotments orother money received by the family from him wereincluded in the family income figure.
Educational level.–Only grades attendeld in aregular graded public or private school where personswere given formal education, during the day or night,either on a full-time or part-time attendance basiswere included. A “regular” school advances a persontoward an elementary or high school diploma, or acollege, university, or professional school degree.Education received in vocational, trade, or businessschools outside the regular school system was notcounted in determining the highest grade completed.If a person attended school in a foreign country, at anungraded school, under a tutor, or under other specialcircumstances, the nearest equivalent of his or herhighest grade attended was given.
Urbanization status. –The classification of urban-rural areas was defined in the 1960 census. Accordingto that definition, the urban areas are (1) places of2,500 inhabitants or more incorporated as cities,boroughs, villages, and towns (except towns in NewEngland, New York, and Wisconsin); (2) the densely
54
settled urban ffige, whether incorporated or unin-corporated, of urbanized areas; (3) towns in NewEngland and townships in New Jersey and Pennsyl-vania that have no incorporated municipalities assubdivisions and either have 2,500 inhabitants ormore, or a population of 2,500 to 25,000 with adensity of 1,500 ~ersons per square mile; (4) countiesin States except the New England States, New Jersey,and Pennsylvania that have no incorporated munici-palities within their boundaries and have a density of1,500 persons or more per square mile; and (5)unincorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more
‘&at are not included in any urban fringe. Theremaining population is classitled as rural.
The categories of urbanization status (accordingto population density) are as follows: (1) urbanizedMea, 3,000,000 persons or more; (2) urbanized area,1,000,000-2,000,000 persons; (3) urbanized area,250,000-999,999 pemons; (4) urbanized area, under250,000 persons; (5) urban, not in an urbanized area,25,000 persons or more; (6) urban, not in anurbanized mea, 10,000-24,999 persons; (7) urban,not in an urbanized area, 2,500-9,999 persons; and(8) rural.
55
Appendix Ill. Sample size andestimated population tables
Table Vll 1. Sample size and estimated population for adults ages 18-74 years, by sex, age, and annual family income: Unitad States, 1971-74
Annual family income
Under $4,000 $4,000-$6.999 $7,000-$9,999 $10,000-$14,999 $15,000 and overSex and age
PopulationSample Sample
PopulationSample
PopulationSample
PopulationSample
Populationin in in in in
sizethousands
sizethousands
sizethousands
sizethousands
sizethousands
Both sexes
18-74 years . . . . . . . . 3,268
18-24 years . . . . . . . . 54925-34 years . . . . . . . . 3173544 years . . . . . . . . 29145-54 years, . . . . . . . 23155-64 years . . . . . . . . 32265-74 years . . . . . . . . 1,558
Males
18-74 years . . . . . . . . 1,196
18-24 years . . . . . . . . 19725-34 years . . . . . . . . 753544years . . . . . . . . 6345-54 years . . . . . . . . 9955.64 years . . . . . . . . 11865-74 years.....,,. 644
Famales
18-74 years . . . . . . . . 2,072
18-24 years . . . . ..m. 35225-34 years . . . . . . . . 2423544 years . . . . . . . . 228
45-54 years . . . . . . . . 13255-64 years . . . . . . . . 20465-74 years . . . . . . . . 914
19,882
4,7562,1461,8702,2993,8364,975
7,917
2,289814860852
1,3341,768
11,965
2,4661,3331,0101,4472,5023,207
2,256
412427283209215710
851
126104
738697
365
1,405
286323210
123118345
17,883
4,2933,3382,0432,5142,9432,752
7,758
1,9281,358
8911,0211,2881,273
10,125
2,3651,9811,152
1,4931,6551,479
2,962
563685519346268581
1,131
170219149152130311
1,831
393466370194138270
29,170
6,1077,0554,6974,7064,2562,349
13,741
2,8103,5632,1781,9942,0181,177
15,429
3,2973,4912,519
2,7122,2381,172
2,587
423702592401202267
1,012
150231180213106132
1,575
273471412
18896
135
29,824
4,960
7,8146,3456,3353,2131,156
15,027
2,4163,9393,0763,4541,664
479
14,797
2,5453,8763,268
2,8821,548
678
2,072
270494558353194203
857
106151173186116125
1,215
164
343385167
7878
27,111
3,7415,7946,5056,4473,725
899
14,386
1,9722,9093,2723,4222,283
528
12,725
1,7692,8853,232
3,0251,442
371
56
Table IX. Sample size and estimated population for adu Its ages 18-74 years, by race, sex, age, and annual family income: United Statas, 1971-74
Annual family income
Under $4,000 $4,000-$6,999 $7,000-$9,999 $10,000-$14,999Race, sex. and age
$15,000 and over
SamplePopulation
SamplePopulation
SamplePopulation Population Population
in in inSample Sample
sizein
sizein
thousands thousandssize
thousandssize
thousandssize
thousands
WHITE
Males
18-74 years . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . .25-34 years ...4,4,.3544 years . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . .55-64 years . . . . . . . .65-74 years .,,.....
Females
18-74 years . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . .25-34 years . . . . . . . .35-44 years . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . .55-64 years . . . . . . . .65-74 years . . . . . . . .
BLACK
Males
18-74 years . . . . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . . . . .25-34 years . . . . . . . .35-44 years . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . .55-64 years . . . . . . . .65-74 years . . . . . . . .
Females
18-74 years . . . . . . . .
18-24 years .,.....,25-34 years . . . . . . . .3544years . . . . . . . .45-54 years . . . . . . . .56-64 years . . . . . . . .65-74 years .,......
824
14153405581
454
1,355
210123106
84141691
357
5021224436
I&l
701
135117119
47
63220
5,920
1,781
550548495
1,0691,477
9,177
1,851780653
1,0892,0172,788
1,824
386232308357259281
2,699
572545329355485414
685
9780556580
308
1,077
205239140
9794
302
155
282118211651
310
75
7968252340
6,659
1,6061,203
745834
1,1111,160
8,482
1,9091,612
9181,2191,4561,367
1,055
308140146186174100
1,521
415345226265174
96
957
140180123119114281
1,527
331381285171119240
157
273725311324
282
5481
78231828
12,160
2,4543,1711,8461,7041,8751,111
13,763
2,9733,0582,0482,5112,0611,113
1,403
328368306276
7651
1,555
281416441201158
57
921
134
203172192100120
1,435
233444371168
94125
81
1426
618
512
121
33223519
210
14,303
2,2823,6142,9653,3461,637
459
14,026
2,3713,6793,0512,7311,542
650
589
110269
81901920
662
134162185147
628
792
93137162173109118
1,126
149312356159
7476
52
1010
812
66
73
14
2621
732
13,593
1,8302,6593,0873,2992,201
517
12,025
1,6542,6983,0892,8161,400
367
617
118203
95116
7411
557
104
14796
18917
4
57
Table X. Sample size and estimated population for adults agas lg-74 years, bv race, sex, age, and educational level: United States, 1971-74
Less than 9 years 9-77 years
Race and age Both sexes Males Females Both sexes Males Female!
SamplePopulation
SamplePopulation
samplePopulation Population
Sample inPopulation Population
in in inSample
size sizein
Samplesize size
in
thousands thousands thousands thousandssize
thousandssize
t$ ousands
All rscesl
18-74 Vears . . . . .
18-24 ywrs . . . . .
25-34 Vears . . . . .
3544yEars, . . . .
45-54 years . . . . .
55-64 yeara . . . . .
65-74 years . . . . .
White
18-74 years . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . .
25-34 Vears . . . .
35-44 years . . . . .45-54 years . . . . .
55-S4 years , ., . .
65-74 Vears . . . . .
Black
18-74 yaars . .
16-24 vears . . . .
25-34 years . . . . .
3544 years . . . . .
45-54 Vears . . .
55-64 years . . .
65-74 Vears . . . . .
3,740
144
264
404
456
5271,943
2,742
66
206272
330
389
1,459
957
5056
124
125134
468
24,655
1,299
2,325
3,013
5,207
6,674
6,136
20,114
916
1,949
2,3194,042
5,616
5,272
4,335
322
370
6501,135
1.023
1,750
51
76119
24S
263
993
1,301
28
62
8577a
200
748
432
2114
34
66
60
235
12,446
679
1,1551,540
2,839
3,404
2,829
10,151
479
9611,1482,210
2,921
2,431
2,219
178
195
392
602
472
360
1,990
93
188
285
210
264
950
1,44158
144187
152
189
711
525
2942
90
57
74
233
12,209
621
1,170
1,473
2,368
3,270
3,307
9,963
437
9881,171
1,832
2,694
2,841
2,116
144
175
258
533
551
455
2,416 21,500
456 4,459
476 3,633
471 3,896
300 4,182
222 3,333
491 1.897
1,804 18,252
308 3,643
321 2,774
332 3,201
239 3,717
164 3,064
420 1,853
:595 3,144
142 “ 773152 846
136 666
61 465
37 266
67 128
816
162
110
114
142
94
194
648
121
73
90114
82168
160
40
35
23
28
11
23
9,499
2,257
1,3811,643
2,114
1,377
728
8,203
1,893
1,040
1,374
1,905
1,315
678
1,269
361331
266
209
6042
1,600
294
366
357
158128
297
1,156
187
246
242
125
102
252
435
102117
113
33
26
44
1:2,000
;Z,202
2,252
2,253
2,068:1,956
:1,269
1(),048
,749
,734
,828
,813
,750
,175
1,876
411
515
401
256
206
86
llncludo~ ,aca~ Otiar than white and black.
58
Table X. Sample size and estimated population for adults a~s 18-74 yeara, by race, sex, age, and educational level: United States, 1971 -74-COn.
Educational level
12 years 13 years or more
Race andage Both sexes Males Females Boti sexes Males Females
POqrlatiOnSample ,n Sample
Population PopulationS8mpIe . .Sampie
PopulationSarmp\e
PopulationSample
Population
in in
rh~ands
insize size
in
thOusan& thOusan&size size
thousands “ze thousandssize
thousands
All races’
18-74 years . . . . .
lB-24 years . . . . .
25-34 years . . . . .
3544 years . . . . .
45+4 years . . . . .
5934yeam . . . . .
65-74 years . . . . .
White
18-74 years . . . . .
18-24 years . . . . .
25-34 years . . . . .
35-44 ymrs . . . . .
45-54 years . . . . .
5%64 years . . . . .
65-74 years . . . . .
Black
18-74 years . . . . .
18-24 years ., . . .
25-34 yeara . . . .
35-44 years . . . . .
45-54 yearn . . . . .
55-64 years . . . . .
65-74 years . . . . .
47,606
10,403
11,632
9,190
8,5295.561
2.281
1,416
Z&l
325
223
208
19,676
4,417
5,239
3,741
3,188
2,329
962
3,053
657
648
719
336
191
302
27,730
5,966
6,392
5,449
5,341
3,232
1,330
2,938
750
772
485
267
178
466
34,364
.9,493
9,229
5,897
5,230
3334
2,181
1,224
274
1a,aoo
4,416
5,159
3,564
2,926
1,665
871
1,714
476
483
289
128
81
257
15,564
4,077
4,070
2,334
2,304
1,468
1,311
14,277
3,670
3,706
2,136
2,085
1,425
1,255
1,105
33a
309
170
208
25
55
4,469
9411#173
942
545
328
540
3,859
741
989
817
502
310
500
567
191
173112
40
1536
289
196
15997
208
137
238
17,497
4,064
4,675
3,360
2,820
1,737
841
1,514
404
430
251
109
76
244
43,823
9,129
10,547
8,420
8,127
5,388
2,212
1,245
22B
279
203
185
130
220
18,439
3,861
4,853
3,509
3,028
2,266
921
2,614
513
770
614
317
1130
280
25,365
5,266
5,6934,911
5,098
3,122
1,291
2,627 31,775 1,113
2487,734
8,381
5,496
4.905
3,162
2,096
652
685 256
434
255
167
434
183
146
91
190
1 i70
527
628
2=
302
82
77
3,400
1,213
1,021
675
365
138
68
158
53
45
18
22
515
1,345
530
383
201
144
5333
409 2,135
683
638
473
221
66
35
248
76
68
40
27
829
79
17
24
810
4
16
765
189
319
83
84
57
22
169
59
44
32
77
4
13
138
12a
94
18
10
21
‘ Includes races omer tim white and black.
59
.
60
Table X11. Sampla ciza and estimated population for adults ages 1S-74 years, by race, sex, age, and geographic ragion: United States, 1971-74
Geographic ra@on
Norttsmst Midrnrt
Rwe and age Both sexes Melea Females Both S.9X.9S Males Fame/es
P~ulatiOnSample . Sample
hulat~on ~w,e Pqwlation Pqwlation.%mpla . &mple
PopulationSample
Population
sized70L&
sizein
thOt&sdssize
drw’;andssize
inthZmnc&
sizatiousands
sizadsousands
All racasl
18-74 years ., ., .
l&24vMm . . . . .25-34 veers..,..36-d4yEmm ..,..45-s4yWs. ...,55-84 yeara . . . . .65-74 yaars . . . . .
White
lS-74y0ars . . . . .
18-24 yaars . . . . .25-34 yaars . . . . .3544yenn ...,.45-54 Warn.....55-S4years .,...65-74 yaars . . . . .
Black
10-74 yearn . . . . .
18-24 veers . . . . .2534vaars ..,..3544yaera .,...4564yaars, . . . .55-s4years . . . . .s5-74yaara . . . . .
2,926
4676135223612796S4
2,483
37a50s432317234614
422
759B8542437s
31,469
5,50s6,2315,s955,8034s563,167
28,776
4~775,6725,1 so5,5264,4742,977
2,438
468516611357396186
1,123
15S16s1561s3124
335
978
139156141142104286
137
18271421193B
14,936
2,7233,1302,7S42,6S42,2261,390
13,833
2,5252,sss2,6172,5431,9501,314
955
149214163141213
74
1,603
2984273s6198155359
1,506
239352281175130318
265
577171212441
16,523
2,7633,1012,9113,2182,7321.778
14,843
2,4522,7SS2,5332,9S32,5251,ss4
1,463
318304348216183114
3,251
!317095794022s3737
2,732
437Soo4s0333247635
469
93102
91883699
33,370
5,8637,5s55,s006,2404,7442,937
30,345
5,36s6,B245,3325,6214,4372,745
2,706
456671465So4307162
1,25s
1932151ss201135346
I ,075
15S185142167126286
172
28262333
950
16,542
3,0933,7342,7853,2722,4331,224
15,121
2,7523,3432,5172,SS02,3B31,135
1,228
244347236268w83
1,s83
348494413ml148389
1,657
278415338166121339
317
647468352749
16,S2B
2,8903,8313,1152,9682,3117,774
15,224
2,6343,4BI2,8152,6312,0531,610
1,478
212325249337257
89
llncludes ,ncas Other than whim and black,
61
Table X11, Sample size and estimated pOpulatiOn for adults ages 18-74 years, by race, age, and geographic regicm: United States, 1971 -74-COLI.
Geographic region
South west
Race and age Both sexas Males Females Both sexes Males Females
SamplePopulation
SamplePOpulaCiOn
SamplePopulation Population Population Population
in in.sampla
insize
Semplesize
in Samplesize
in
thousands sizein
thousands thousands thousanhsize
thousandssize
thousands
All rata-sl
18-74 years . . . , .
18-24 years . , . . .25-34 years . . . . .3544years ..,,.45+4yaars ----- .?55.54yeass . , , . ,65-74 years , . . . .
White
18-74 yeara . . . . .
18.24 years . . . . .25-34 years . . . . .3544years , . . . .45-54 years . . . , .55-64 vears . . . . .6574yasrs . . . . .
Black
16-74 years . . . . ,
18-24 yaars . , , . .2534yaars . . . . .3544 years..,..45-54 years . . . . .55-64 yams . . . . .65-74 years . . . . .
3.77B
663657577440351
1,120
2,710
4494B0407311269794
1,056
20B17517099B1
323
30,905 1,427
6,374 2776,183 1974s21 1475,362 L804,757 1533,407 514
25,029 1,042
4,666 1554,960 1503,6BB 1134,366 1364,069 1272,036 361
6#05 360
1#475 611,214 46
932 34974 53643 36565 150
14,127
2,9432*992,2032,3742,2611,427
11,445
2,2392,4061,7471,9091,9671,177
2,663
696488456465314243
2,351
44646043022?1B6606
1,66B
294330264175142433
676
1471291364645
173
76,778
3,4313,2B52,6172,6862,4761,961
13,5B3
2,6292,5E42,1412,4~2,1221,656
3,142
779726476509329322
3,716
635721650428354926
3,176
526623552372306797
437
0579754740
33,264
6,6156,9565,6535,6064,5903,262
30,467
6,2006,2995,2575,3834,3133,015
2,106
449475395359227
1,453
204206195212176460
1,249
17316117318314B391
156
2416162321
111 202 56
15,576 2,263
3,024 4313,240 5152,904 4562,620 2162,133 17B1,456 466
14,294 1,927
2,784 3532,959 4422,634 3792,596 1891,975 1581,344 406
907 279
180 61163 61150 59163 24125 19
66 55
17,70B
3,7913,7172,9492,9892,4571,805
16,173
3,416$3402,6232,7662,3371,671
1,199
269292245176101116
‘1 ncludes rncw. other than white and black.
62
Vital and Health Statistics series descriptions
SERIES 1
SERIES 2.
SERIES 3.
SERIES 4.
SERIES 10.
SERIES 11
SERIES 12.
SERIES13.
Programs and Collection Procedures-Reports describing the general programs of the National Center for Health
Statistics and its offices and divisions and the data col- lection methods used. They also include definitions and other material necessary for understanding the data.
Data Evaluation and Methods Research.-Studies of new statistical methodology including experimental tests of new survey methods, studies of vital statistics collection methods, new analytical techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected data, and contributions to sta- tistical theory.
Analytical and Epidemiological Studies-Reports pre-
senting analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and health statistics, carrying the analysis further than
the expository types of reports in the other series.
Documents and Committee Reports.-Final reports of major committees concerned with vital and health sta- tistics and documents such as recommended model vital
registration laws and revised birth and death certificates.
Data From the National Health Interview Survey.-Statis-
tics on illness, accidental injuries, disability, use of hos- pital, medical, dental, and other services, and other health-related topics, all based on data collected in the continuing national household interview survey.
Data From the National Health Examination Survey and
the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.- Data from direct examination, testing, and measurement of national samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized
population provide the basis for (1) estimates of the medically defined prevalence of specific diseases in the
United States and the distributions of the population
with respect to physical, physiological, and psycho- logical characteristics and (2) analysis of relationships
among the various measuremehts without reference to an explicit finite universe of persons.
Data From the Institutionalized Population Surveys.-Dis- continued in 1975. Reports from these surveys are in- cluded in Series 13.
Data on Health Resources Utilization.-Statistics on the utilization of health manpower and facilities providing
long-term care, ambulatory care, hospital care, and family planning services.
SERIES 14. Data on Health Resources: Manpower and Facilities.-
Stattstics on the numbers, geographic distribution, and characteristics of health resources including physicians,
dentists, nurses, other health occupations, hospitals,
nursing homes, and outpatient facilities.
SERIES 15. Data From Special Surveys.-Statistics on health and health-related topics collected in spectal surveys that
are not a part of the continuing data systems of the National Center for Health Statistics.
SERIES 20. Data on Mortality.-Various statistics on mortality other
than as included in regular annual or monthly reports.
Special analyses by cause of death, age, and other demo- graphic variables; geographic and time series analyses;
and statistics on characteristics of deaths not available from the vital records based on sample surveys of those
records.
SERIES 21. Data on Natality, Marriage, and Divorce.-Various sta- tistics on natality, marriage, and divorce other than as included in regular annual or monthly reports. Special
analyses by demographic variables; geographic and time series analyses; studies of fertility; and statistics on characteristics of births not available from the vital records based on sample surveys of those records.
SERIES 22. Data From the National Mortality and Natality Surveys.- Discontinued in 1975. Reports from these sample surveys
based on vltal records are included in Series 20 and 21,
respectively.
SERIES 23. Data From the National Survey of Family Growth.- Statistics on fertility, family formation and dissolution, family planning, and related maternal and infant health
topics derived from a periodic survey of a nationwide probability sample of ever-married women 1544 years
of age.
For a list of titles of reports published in these series, write to:
Scientific and Technical Information Branch NaTional Center for Health Statistics Public Health Service
Hyattsville, Md. 20782
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service
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frorl 4 se c-a’ ice of Health Research, Statistics, and Technology DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 81-1674, Series 11, No. 224 for a listing of publications in the VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS SERIES call 301-436-NCHS