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• PREFACE..

• 'LONDON •

•WAR ROOM PUBLI CAT ION

BLICRAPHY IT . SF. 5/21

411r- /Gi7ooSECRET

C CUNTM fl 1.1 -WAR ROOM

The bibliography which follows is limited to captured documentsand interroTAion reports on caLittred G.I.S..agents and pevsonnel.It is not claimed tO be in any way complete, even for these, sources.It should,. however, be usefUlas a general survey of the basic sourcesfor a comprehensive study of the G.I.S. In Mect cases emphasis has-been laid on sources which are easily available, but a certain numberof earlier reports have bQon included for the sdkd . of completenessbecause they are Considered essential,. Some of these, which werecirculated before 1944, may not be available .t0 all the recipientsof this paper.

For more detailed bibliograPhies on specific subjects, the relevantLiquidation Reports should.be consulted.

The originals of captured documents mentioned in . thie bibliographyare mostly ,stored at Camp Ritchie in Maryland. They can be tracedeither throughthe lffar Department or the War Office: The'W..R.P.'reference . will beusefUl only in locating the. results Of Ware Roomexploitatior. of the dOcuments.

A. BIBLIOGRAPHY. ABWEHR and MIL.ANT 1935 - 1945. . •

1. ,..Pritti...2...pss32.0d19L1.2. The sources for this . period are at presentacany. Among captured documents there are two sets of basic interest

-(a) a full account of the functions anderganiaation ef Abwehr

Abteildng III dated 1937. .(Originla held by Section V;largely reprinted in ZIP/AL 1 of 1.1.43).

(b) The.records . of.A. ,ehr Abteilung III D (Deception) for theperiod , 1935-39,ruc . nily discovered at Bad'Blankenburg.(W1R.D. reference G/Bad Blankenburg/IIIM.

\These twD igive a general pcture of the . orinisation and .methods

of work of Abteilung III'whiCh,was by far the most important sectionof the Abwehr in this Period. Of loss value, but useful for indicatingthe.early personalities at Abwehr H.Q. is amextract from the Stollen-besetzungdes Heeres dated 1938 which gives -the names of German Armyofficers then serving with the OKW/Abwehr. (Reference M.I.14(d)/08/32/42;c.,py held by WO): Other documents which may have scme general interestare certain Abwehr administrative dossiers on ommunications (for 1939), ' b.transport (1936-39),f1nance,(1939).and internal administration (1936-39),whiqh were• found at Bad SUlza. (WR/b reference G/Bad Sulma/VII,XIII.

•XXIII and XXIV); •

The natural emphasis in interrogation on the Abwehr!S more recentactivities has meant that though many officers with experience of thispre-war period have been captured, few have given a'full or satisfactoryaccount of it; The best reports so far published include -.1.

- 3 -

Y /d7oe

ultimately led to its 'dissolution,.:are easily deduoible frcxi theprohibitions which make up most of the lecture s ; e.g. !'No jobs of •

a political nature for b. vainis.......Activity against Jews no concernof ours....No bureaudratic Black:Market activities",•and from the siglificiant eXhortation "Loyal attitUde towards S.D.and Gestapo necessary". This docizaent is also of value for givingthe size of the' Abwehr at this date 4 over 2C,000An all, ..excludingagents'- which 4.11Ustrates the top-heaviness, of the organisation. .( referenoe'"GI Of 15. 3 045) 6

Other documentS are Worth mention for this _period.. First,there is an :order . issUed by. the Ic/A0 at-twilled .to,Heeresgruppe Adated 8.2.14.0, :whiCh . layS down the organisation of the Abwehr in thefield at that time. This is. of interest' : when istiidying the workof the Abwehr's mobile units during "the ccunpaigi in:-the West of 1940.(No , reference available.. .Presumably originates fran M. 14. Copyheld by WR/E). SecdrillY;` there.,is a 'telephone :directary for AbwehrAbt, II H. Q. dated 24-.10.41, captured in Prance 'in 1944 which givesover a hundred names alphabetically...with their departments againstthem. Finally', the adminiatratikre dossiers Cited above cover theseyears and may contain Useful facts.

The most Useful interrogation reports 'covering this period'include those on PHEIPPER, Lubwm; EIT.T.J, MEISSNER and WICHMA.NN,,already cited: BlEI.J continues his account : of the intelligenceactivities of PHP;IFFEtt both before and after the Vtencth bampaigl. ofI 940. His explicit details of . a . fudged Mission to Italy early in1911_0 and the junketings at the expense of public funds resulting fromit, and of the black market background to . i. •the work of Nest Brest in1940-41, explain the eihortatiOnS Of CAktiRIS referred to inpara 2 •above. - When this is compared with . ..the • tale of ,PHEIFI.'ER skomando during the actual campaign . the conclusion that the Abwehr'ssuccesses were often Only the reflection , of the Army' s advances isplainly indicated: This borne out by . NUCI-IMANN . s spCoun't ofAst Hamburg's activities 1939-1941 A : tccept in South America, where anagent network was Workinr; 'duccessfully.in this .beriod, he describesno successful undertakingb and he remarks on the failure of the -Ablvehr l s efforts to Obtain information from *England, and the U. S ,.&.LUDWIG gives some • details On the early activities of 13? '1"' in Belgrade.MII.ESSNIII, as deputy Loiter Of Agt Oslo . in 1:914.0 1 * an later as Ast-leite r Angers . and Leiter III, Paris (194:0-41.)• gives , information onC.13. work in occupied countries .and,•:details of personnel of thosestations.

...Other reports co'vering this period .include those on •. . • .

. .(i) • . Major WUBMANN (see below) This report giveE.s. details••• of . the structure and personnel of•Abt. '1 at Abwahr

• 'head'quarters and of Asts •Wiesbaden and Muenster and Nest• Cologne . for the period 1939 - 41. •• It also contains• information . on : the.. German Armistice' CommisSicin . in Afrioa •

- and its: liaisOn with the. Abwehr, and a . .descript.ion of thesorting of Abwehr reports te .'interest.ed .qtrimands-and 'of

- the methods of . recruiting agent's . within' the •AbWehr...

, Hand Karl SCHARF. ,. This. describes ,the preparation of an• early,. sabotage o mission of .Abt. a93.inst South.Africa and illustrates the extent Of Spaxiish..collaborationWith the ' A:bwehr in ' .Cisneros. • SCHAIT. Was :an Alsatian

..drafted • at the beginning of the . wai , into the Brandenburg.Reginient . and extracted from it II fOr -a Sabotagemission. His information is reliable..

i Page ii. 0114

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(viii) Hans KAUTZ. ' This man was an assiStant in the economicespionage. (1 Wi) section of Ast Berlin fronl . 1938 to 194.1

,when he was tra.nsferred. to Alst Paris. He is of interest•as an exaniple of: the continuity of German espionage, as hewas a member of the German Intelligence Service from 1917-18

and of its methods of °commie espionage under cover of' genuine business trips. ..'He also names the 'mere important

Officers in, I Wi at Abw. H. Q. aS . well as at:Ast Berlin andin Paria.

. . •(ix) 7-3rnst• BMIRMIS. This officer was originally a member of Ast

•HANOT.MR 937-0) tria . subsequeritly. head of liest Warsaw. , ..0940,741): and Ast iKassel (194.1-4-3): ..''His 'statement (it isnot an interrogItion) is' .chiefly of izitrest fOr.its

. , „general view of the AbWehr and for its aritioiSm: of CAN&RIS.It is ,particU3.:Lrly. relevant : tothis. •Period because it showsthat even in • its: sUeOessful years .; • the 'Abviehr was constantly

, 1J:rider .pressure, frcm the RSHA, and 'that corruption andfavouritism in the selection and 'Porting of officers madeserious work !exceptionally :diffictilt, BIERMTS ! account. ,. • ,.of his :work at „Warsaw is valuable because it gives adetailed View of -the Abwehr i s metheds against 12Ussia at.. :this time and the extent of • its succies's. • • :.". <

. (2.c) Peter SCH.A.GEN.. .Thin report • includes an account of AbWehr •Abt. IL H.Q. in September 1939 with detail's of the chief,

: personalities and the aims of the department. SCHA.GEN. also desCribes a reconnaissance-mission to Portugal on which

he was Sent in October 1939 to spy oi2t, the possibilitiesOf sabotage measures against the Allies and an abortive•Sabotage undertaking in Switzerland in May 1940. .After a

. brief period of training With: the . Brandenburg Battalion,then in Its infancy, he was posted tO •Alat Paris Sabotage

:section (Gruppe II) of which he gives a bzief. description ••

for ,the period up to April 194.1. ••

• • • . •• • .. .3. M1 111c War 1942-1943. Three important documents or.sets of documents are known for this period.. • The first is a telephonedirebtory for the whole ..'..1:wehr H. Q.. dated .March 194.3, which was cap-hiredin Wiesbaden in 194.5. This,.lists the names and , ranks of all theofficers in Abw. I , . II, III: and Z 'as well as in AG. Ausland : departmentby department as at that date. (Reference SCI 12 A.G. Repopt S.853

dated 19.4.4.5). The second is, an alphabetical . list of the personnel•4.1st FranCe as at .30. 6,4.2. Thi4 gives rank, departments and :

seniority of all offiesers and *civil servants belonging to the station.(Reference.= France, Paris Base Report 5.141 of 26.9.44). The •third is a set .of agent rePorts of Act Dijon which give a detailed . .insight int o the Operations of the Act in attOkpting .' to penetrateFrench resistance. movements and Allied intelligence .organisations.The papers date frcm late 1942 ,to :/.reference WR/D/G/ ' •Stuttgart/I).: , •

A few secondary documents are also worth noting, viz f•

(a) an alphabetical list of officers who served with Ast Kasselbetween. 1939 and 1944 s (Reference SCI 1.2 A.G. Report onKassel operations dated 17.4.45.) . ; ••

t•

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Ab,wehr (see below) it is of great Value for its account of HANSEN'splans and policy during '1914.3. .His bias is in .favour••of.HANSEN andhis story therefore balances LEDEBUR I s. Mau other interrogati■onSsupply details of the Abwehr's Work in all areas .during these years,.but none is 'of wide interest 'Or . .partieular•merit . and , the followingselection has been chosen arbitrarily,

(i) Reports on WEBM1 : ABMLE„..KPPIJKR. and SANDSTEDE.: Thee givean account of the Abweht7PS work in Libya and.Egypt„,

(ii) Reports on Gottfried =MIER and, the undertakina. Thesedescribe . an Abw. II. expedition against Iraq .and Persia:

•(iii) . Reorts on Mirko ROT '..and Andre aybRo.y. These. deal with , theAbyiehrf s chief Sourati 'of opera7tTona.l, intelligence , frcni .Russia and theBritish Mid-East area, . i. o. the . -Luftneidekopf • Sofia of Richard . KAUDERS@ KLAstr.* . As IMATT is under: interrogation, these. reports may .soon be.replaced 'by his information; also .Oberst. WAGNER .@ Dr, DELIUS,who.wap head of K. 0. Bulgaria from 1941-1944, should throw further light,on the subject. • •

(iv) Re-port on GOERTZ. • This g,ives. details of • .the ..Abwehr‘s.stations . in• Vienna and Budapest and oP the technical/military..(I.H.A.)•section of • Abwe 'IL Q. . . • •

•. . , . . .(v) on Hens SALZINCM„ .SALZINGiE. was an officer in the

Abwohr t .s C. cti.oxi for ;Scandinavia (III F. 6) ' . . , He gives. a full..listof he .tnportant offi•Cers at work in, this period.. •

. •(vi), • ii_e_ports. on 1124SMUWEN and POILS. Those two men, ''ere agents

of Nest Cologne and* 'give details of its . pore 0=01 and çtotivitids. . • •. . . . .. .

.(vii) • . Reparts on DLAPANGK rner UNVERSAGT.These reports. taken, together' i-r2lve. a complete picture of the.'activities..of : Ast'BrusSels in the period,' ,Werner UNVERSAGT j.s the only offieeramong theni and- is Probably the . ,,MoSthe • !As 'a. LH. specialistand ho 'covers military espionage cases. • ..HAG440.1:1 deals..mainly. withAst • Brupsola l station in Paris. D'HO0a-Htwas a: naval specialist.:and -descres Apt Brussels' coastal network. DELGRANat is useful for ..hislist of personnel..

• •(viii) prts oi It:11E401 CLO•

. . . .

ix- and SP-40K. This is a selectionof reports covering AbWohr activities in Fiance -during this period. •, .They are all Officers of 'the Abwehr. KLIMANN. covers the work : of:I Luft in 'Paris, CLOT:R.32T of . I.H. at Angers . and SPECK of III F also at •Angers.

"(ix) Report on the German deserter, Luitpold Ht or. • HAMER .wasemployed-by the I.M. section of K, O. Spain and , gives details of itsGibraltar reporting servicb as well as of its main: personalities.

(x) Reports On PIEIISTKUSEN Ltreassug,_ ENGEr:as 6 ALFREDP.. OttokarMutaT,3112 and Walter NAPP. These 'four were the Abwehr i s chief agents .in Brazil in 1941442. • Their stories properly . belong to . the early waryears, but they were not rounded up and interrogated until 19420CHRISTELZEN was an agent of Ast Kiel I.N; ENGELS, by far the most•imPortant and dangerous of the, represented the economicesPionage department (I Wi) of Abw, H. Q;, MUELLER and NAPP were .partof /1.st Hamburg's network run by OBLADEll and described by WICHMANN • -(see above).

Two other sources are available for this period. The firstis the information given by the deserters MIEHRDT'and HAMBURGEROn the work *of the Abwehr in 'Turkey. and the Near East. Their evidencegreatly expands LUDWIG' s story whiCh is restricted !to. counter..espionage.

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11 - - /o7oo-. 8 -

VERMEHREN also discusses the decline of the Abwehr in these yearsand HANSEN's efforts to arrest it. His information on this aspectof the Abwehr supplements that of LEDEBUR and KUEBART. The secendsource for this period, which does not fall into the class of ordinaryinterrogations, is the commentary made on the .Abwenr by severalofficers of the Italian intelligenoe serviCeS)who surrendered inSeptember 1943. The best accounts are given by Major NANI on theAbwehr's work in Tripoli and Tunisia, Colonel di CARLO on the Abwehrin Spain and Spanish Morocco, Major VACIAGO on the work of Abwehr IIand Max POMO on Abwehr

4.. The Cola se of the Abwels 1944 : the Mil.. Amt 1944-1945. Thesources for this fInal .period are well known, numerous and increasing.A selection from.theMat this point cannot therefore "he final and willnot include reports-or-documents rightly considered to be of a higherstandard than mantcited above for the, earlier periods, But thiscannot be avoided; and 'the following . Selectica is only intendedtr provide enough material to outline the fall of the Abwehr s and theworking of the Mil. Amt.'

,Twn sets of doeumenta •eaptiared early in 1545 PreMidelriformatianon the Mil. Amt. The first set consists of orders issued in Juneand early July 194.4. under the signature of KALTENBRUNNERf settineoutin detail the'organisation s nf the newly establishedial..Amt.in . •relation to th') old Abwehr• . As these orders . were issued before20th July, do not correspond to the'final'organisation of theMil. Amt l 'iol:t they cover all the main changes. (Reference WRA/C,/1oblenz/XVIq/2). . The second set consists' nf a Map ofthemeinwithdrawal ::ationd of the RSHA and a * distribution slip giving, amongothers, the names of all section heads,of the Mil. Amt. ,-This isdated. pecemer-1944:smd . indicatea - the number and 'size of the MIL Amt'seVaeuationntrea. - : (Reference WR)'MAad.ulma/I , 1 8k2). Another . •docUmey6'or:' the smme'dategiVes the organisation of the,Nachrichten-'..

:(Copy available with . R.S.S.(I)),_but this is of little.'general:irrOre.st:' 'Finally . a docuMent, of early 1944 gives the organ-isationof thp. Abwehr-in Norway at'the'time . of.the change-over'from.'

••L'I-tic to rail° units. ' -(lieferende . NR?D/OSIO71/4. Many otherdocuments for this period are still in prncese of being sorted andedited.

. •Inter:ogation reports and infermation from penetration agents

cover every. 1.4spect of this period. Of interrogations alreadymentioned; 1.72BUR'andiD.JO.A.ler remain by far the most valuablefor the of CANARIS' fall and the short interregnum underHANSEN oullr..Lnating in the events of 20th July. ' For the periodafter 20th July 194 -to.the moment of collapse: the best sourcesare the int:rrogations of SCHELLLINEEM himself and of his chiefadministrative assistant, SANDE:MGM. These two between them coveralmost all important questions. SCHELLENBERG deals with policy,important personnel and sources; SANDBERGER settles the dry problemof organisation and departmental symbols beyond all further.question.Both ,bring , out the failure of the Mil. Ant i to achieve any positivesuccess in the realm of intelligence. .SKORZENY and RAM exhaustAke stNeet of the Mil.. Amt's sabotage section (mil.I) on whichSCHELLENBERG and SAMBERGER have little to say. •

More detailed information. 'on the Work, organisation and personnel'of the Mil. Amt at H.Q. and in the field is available in the followingreports

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(i) im_BECHTOLSHEIM KURRER METZ GAMBKE EIEUESTERBMG and MULLER. These all deal with Mil. .Amt HVon BECHTOLSHEIM analyses the sources and value of the Mil..Amtts

•naval . espionage e.118 describes the development of deception underthe Mil; Amt (Mil. I). 4 " Le f OHLEIZ, GAMBKE, EISENBERG andFERID deal lvdetail with their respective departments - MiL Bi — •C and D. GAMBKE, EISENBERG and FERID are exclusively opnceritod . •with the East, and no equivalent is yet available for the NesteWESTERBERG was head fjf the Abwehri s accaunts section and-later:,incorperated in RSHA Amt II to administer the finaneea_ef.theMil. Amt. His report contains facts on the organisatien:of—the-Abwehr department and figures for Abwehr-and Amt expenditure..Obetltn. MUELLER I 0 report-gives a partial acopunt of Mil. Amt G(Secret writirlg, fprged papers, etc).

The Ovious gaps left by these reports affect the remaiAixgsectisps of the Mil. Amt H.Q. - Mil. E (Signals) and F (Kdoe and-Trupps). These gaps are expected to be filled by the intarree.atie4s of OESTERLE and.BUOTROCK of Mil. E and F respectively,

(ii) IAN BRAM:dn./ITER CLOte •NIEKEIER HAGEMANN and STRA • TheseAdea1 with the espionage koMmandos and truppsin the West.. • KLIEMANN and BRANDSTETTER describe the workingof the LUft 'Commando and trupps up te August 1944; CLOTRIN,NIEMELER and BAGEMANNAever the Army kommandei and trtipp0in' Nermandy, Belgium,-Holland and North Germany. SMOKE.deals 'With the Marine Kmmandfl in.Relland. Many ether. reports'already exist .covering the work of the I u4its in this 'periodbut these t .taken. together, contaii mast ef the' important'

• knoWn. ...0f . reperts still- to- doie„ those On-SCHUCHMKNNtor-the• MarinelKommando . and LIND for aluft trupp, will ProbahlY oentai4

usef4-information-and the reports expeeted on . HERRUTZ's.headOf Leitstelle I Weei and Julius SCHMIDT, head of FAX 120, sheuld.clear'up - Outstanding problems on 1. H. kemmandos•and truppitixl. -the West.-

(iii) SCHAGEN, MARL and GERKEN. These deal with, thesabotage,ktimmandpaand trupps in the West.. •CHAGEN coversthe kommandee and trupPsin:France up to ,August 1944. MAREELgives a:litt1e infortation on the kommandfstuid - trupps• inBelgium and Holland for the same period. GEE?1= expandsMARL and takes the Story en in' great detail up• to the German.surrender. As with the . I units, many other reports exist;but most of these are on 1...7w-gradd agents With little inform-ation save on their awn tasks and are not worth citing forgeneral purposes.

(iv) RUPPOIW SPECK . GIaKE0 HUNTEMANN WAGNER @ WALTERREILE and•BLDICHER. Those deal with the work of the counter.-espionage kommandee and trupps in the West. . RUFFOLT coversthe work of the keramandoS and trupps in Normandy -and NorthFrance up to August 1944, and his story is taken up andcontinued in detail up to March 1945 by SPECK. GISKES andHUNTEMANN describe the kammandcsandtrupps in Belgium, Reilandand North Germany l oandlIAGNER'oovers the parallel units inAlsace and Baden.- The reports on REILE and BLEICHER oncounter-espionage in. the West are also extremely Valuable.

(w) Von ENGELMUIT, MOHR, KEILHOLZ, RFAE ' and STEINBERG. Thesereports contain information on all three types of konanando and

• trupp in Italy. Vori ENGEOANNand . MOBR dealwith the I unite,KEILHOLZ and REKE_wiitlf. the II units and STEINBERG 'with theIII units6.

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